scholarly journals Flight safety level improvement methodology based on the pilot model

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
A. D. Barabash ◽  
S. F. Borodkin ◽  
M. A. Kiselev ◽  
Yu. V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Continuous Analysis ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Correct Sequence ◽  
Common Causes

Despite the regular efforts on the part of national regulators, the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Air Transport Association (ICAO and IATA), as well as on the developers of aeronautical equipment, the vast majority of accidents and incidents continue to occur due to the human factor. With the course of time, aircraft design and reliability are steadily and significantly improving, nevertheless, the number of aviation accidents is happening more and more frequently, including accidents with serviceable aircraft. Considerable evidence is the fact that a Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) remains one of the most common causes of aviation accidents. This is specified by a wide variety of problems that require the search for complex, interconnected solutions. Among these issues it is necessary to highlight the increasing sophistication of the aircraft as a technical system, as well as practically unchanged for more than half a century approaches to pilots training for the type and maintaining their qualifications based on pre-defined scenarios taking into consideration the previous experience of aircraft operation. One of the possible ways out of the situation may be the introduction of so-called concept of personnel training relying on the evidence-based training analysis (EBT) based not on the pursue to memorize a certain list of exercises but to develop each particular pilot’s skills and competences that could help him cope with any unpredictable situation. The key feature of EBT lies in refocusing on the analysis of original causes of unsuccessful maneuvers (actions of the pilot) primarily in order to correct the wrong actions instead of repeatedly complying with the "correct sequence of actions". In this regard, the tools providing a continuous analysis of the pilot's actions to identify errors for the purpose of realigning (forming) the pilot's professional competencies in due time, are of paramount importance. The article describes the content of the methodology representing an ultimate goal to develop recommendations aimed at improving pilot’s expertise based on generalized and personalized models of the pilot, as well as solving the inverse problem of flight dynamics using a comparative assessment of a particular pilot piloting quality.

CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO GROUPS OF AVIATION SPECIALISTS

Aviation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Trifonov-Bogdanov ◽  
Leonid Vinogradov ◽  
Vladimir Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Complex Action ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Operational Process ◽  
Operational Activities

During an operational process, activity is implemented through an ordered sequence of certain actions united by a common motive. Actions can be simple or complex. Simple actions cannot be split into elements having independent objectives. Complex actions can be presented in the form of a set of simple actions. If the logical organisation of this set is open, a complex action can be described as an algorithm consisting of simple actions. That means various kinds of operational activities develop from the same simple and typical actions, but in various sequences. Therefore, human error is always generated by a more elementary error of action. Thus, errors of action are the primary parameter that is universal for any kind of activity of an aviation specialist and can serve as a measure for estimating the negative influence of the human factor (HF) on flight safety. Aviation personnel are various groups of experts having various specialisations and working in various areas of civil aviation. It is obvious that their influence on conditions is also unequal and is defined by their degree of interaction with the performance of flights. In this article, the results of an analysis of air incidents will be presented.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT AVIATION SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Aleksey Anatolivich Kulik ◽  
Alexander Afanasievich Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Technical Direction ◽  
New Class ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The article describes a new class of organizational and technical systems - intelligent aviation systems, whose operational principles provide the increased safety of an aircraft flight. The development of systems of this class is primarily explained by the need to record statistical data on the main causes of aviation accidents (human factor - up to 87%, failure of aviation equipment - up to 15%, external factors - 2% of all cases). A scientific problem is formulated related to the importance of creating methods for assessing and predicting the threat of an accident based on direct control of changes in the values of characteristics that affect flight safety. For this, it is proposed to use the methods and means of the scientific and technical direction of artificial intelligence, which will reveal the immediate causes of an aviation accident and prevent them using the flight safety management system. The technical characteristics are considered, the properties of the system under study are presented, which determine the principles of its functioning: intelligence, information content, speed, controllability, interdependence of subsystems, flight safety, including identification of the threat of an accident, its prediction and parry. The above principles of the functioning of the system under study, which are part of the methodology for managing the safety of an aircraft in flight, are implemented in a set of methods and algorithms. Among them should be noted the intelligent method for assessing the threat of an aviation accident, the method for predicting the threat of an accident, the method for supporting decision-making by the crew in the event of the threat of an accident, as well as the method for synthesizing the control law for countering the threat

scholarly journals REDUCING INFLUENCE OF ADVERSE EXTERNAL CONDITIONS IN THE LOCAL AIRPORTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
A. L. Rybalkina ◽  
A. S. Spirin ◽  
E. I. Trusova
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Unfavorable Weather

The problem of the unfavorable weather conditions impact on aircraft, including electric discharges on aircraft, continues to be relevant. For the successful implementation of flights, aviation as a type of transport should ensure safety, regularity and economy of air transportation. The aerial meteorology always takes an active part in above problems solution, since flight safety depends on timely prediction of unfavorable weather conditions. Modern airfield and aircraft equipment, as well as a new meteorological technique, helped to improve flight safety and reduce the number of accidents associated with adverse weather conditions, but this did not solve all the problems of civil aviation meteorological support. This problem is especially acute in small airports, where there are often no means of meteorological support and warnings about dangerous weather phenomena or they are insufficient. The article analyzes various unfavorable weather conditions, their influence on aircraft, provides statistics related to unfavorable weather conditions of aviation accidents, and shows the proportion of meteorological conditions among the factors affecting safety. Particular attention is paid to the problem of electric discharges to aircraft. The consequences of electric discharges on aircraft, as well as weather conditions contributing to electric discharges, are analyzed. In order to improve flight safety at local airports, it is proposed to create mobile units for collecting, processing and transmitting meteorological information that is territorially spread over the aerodrome zone; it allows to create mobile meteorological radar network. The structural scheme of the deployment of the mobile network for meteorological radars is given.

Evaluation and prioritization of technical and operational airworthiness factors for flight safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1061
Author(s):  
Mehmet Burak Şenol
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Safety Programs ◽  
Aviation Operations ◽  
The Military

Purpose In this study, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for evaluating airworthiness factors were presented. The purpose of this study is to develop an acceptable rationale for operational activities in civil and military aviation and for design, production and maintenance activities in the aviation industry that can be used in-flight safety programs and evaluations. Design/methodology/approach In aviation, while the initial and continuing airworthiness of aircraft is related to technical airworthiness, identifying and minimizing risks for avoiding losses and damages are related to operational airworthiness. Thus, the airworthiness factors in civil and military aviation were evaluated under these two categories as the technical and operational airworthiness factors by the analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process. Three technical and five operational airworthiness criteria for civil aviation, three technical and nine operational airworthiness criteria for military aviation were defined, evaluated, prioritized and compared in terms of flight safety. Findings The most important technical factor is the “airworthiness status of the aircraft” both in civil (81.9%) and military (77.6%) aviation, which means that aircraft should initially be designed for safety. The most significant operational factors are the “air traffic control system” in civil (30.9%) and “threat” in the military (26.6%) aviation. The differences within factor weights may stem from the design requirements and acceptable safety levels (frequency of occurrences 1 in 107 in military and 1 in 109 in civil aircraft design) of civil and military aircraft with the mission achievement requirements in civil and military aviation operations. The damage acceptance criteria for civil and military aircraft are different. The operation risks are accepted in the military and acceptance of specific tasks and the risk levels can vary with aircraft purpose and type. Practical implications This study provides an acceptable rationale for safety programs and evaluations in aviation activities. The results of this study can be used in real-world airworthiness applications and safety management by the aviation industry and furthermore, critical factor weights should be considered both in civil and military aviation operations and flights. The safety levels of airlines with respect to our airworthiness factor weights or the safety level of military operations can be computed. Originality/value This is the first study considering technical and operational airworthiness factors as an MCDM problem. Originality and value of this paper are defining critical airworthiness factors for civil and military aviation, ranking these factors, revealing the most important ones and using MCDM methods for the evaluations of airworthiness factors for the first time. In civil aviation flight safety is the basic tenet of airworthiness activities in risk analysis, on the other hand in military aviation high levels of risks are to be avoided in peace training or operational tasks. However, even high risks have to be accepted during the war, if the operational requirements impose, as mission achievement is vital. The paper is one of a kind on airworthiness evaluations for flight safety.

scholarly journals Causes of the powerplants failures installed on Polish civil aviation aircraft

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz BALICKI ◽  
Paweł GŁOWACKI
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Engine Systems

Currently in Poland about 2,500 different engine types are installed on the aircraft. In the years 2008-2016 powerplants failures caused nearly 600 aviation events. Aborted flight or emergency landing, especially in the case of aircraft powered by a single piston engine occurred. The objective of the article was to determine the failure causes and assessment of their impact on the flight safety. Engine faults were assigned to particular types of powerplants, for example turboshaft, piston, etc. Causes of the failures were examined, assigning ATA chapter to each of them. Also human factor was taken into account. According to the ICAO methodology, aviation safety engine systems essential for flight safety and theirs impact on the safety risk was determined. The results of the analyzes presented in this article are useful for managing the national aviation safety and supervising SMS in aviation organizations. The article shows that preventive measures to raise the level of aviation safety should be taken. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the powerplants failure causes and an evaluation of their influence on the level of aviation safety in Poland.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING FLIGHT SAFETY IN CIVIL AVIATION

Aviation ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Luzik ◽  
Aleksandra Akmaldinova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Factors Affecting

The article considers issues relating to the system of continuous professional training of aviation specialists and formulates fundamental prerequisites of psychological endurance reliability of aircrews in terms of flight safety problems. Analysis is given of factors affecting the efficiency of the “pilot – airplane” interactive system. Results of forecasting the measure of significance of the human factor in aviation for the next 10–15 years viewed in the context of medical and psychological aspects are presented. The structure of personal individuality developed on the basis of psycho‐physiological selection allows the formation of professionally significant qualities in aviation specialists to be influenced and the actions of every crewmember in case of an emergency to be forecast.

scholarly journals Research on Human-Error Factors of Civil Aircraft Pilots Based On Grey Relational Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yundong Guo ◽  
Youchao Sun ◽  
Si Chen
Keyword(s):  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Aircraft Pilots

In consideration of the situation that civil aviation accidents involve many human-error factors and show the features of typical grey systems, an index system of civil aviation accident human-error factors is built using human factor analysis and classification system model. With the data of accidents happened worldwide between 2008 and 2011, the correlation between human-error factors can be analyzed quantitatively using the method of grey relational analysis. Research results show that the order of main factors affecting pilot human-error factors is preconditions for unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, organization and unsafe acts. The factor related most closely with second-level indexes and pilot human-error factors is the physical/mental limitations of pilots, followed by supervisory violations. The relevancy between the first-level indexes and the corresponding second-level indexes and the relevancy between second-level indexes can also be analyzed quantitatively.

Розрахункове дослідження аеродинамічних характеристик рульового гвинта вертольота типу Мі-8 з урахуванням інтерференції з несучим гвинтом на режимі висіння при боковому вітрі

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Михайло Юрійович Кибальний ◽  
Андрій Павлович Дьомін ◽  
Сергій Олександрович Дегтяренко ◽  
Микола Іванович Москаленко
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Main Rotor ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Helicopter Flight ◽  
Horizontal Flight ◽  
New Perspective

Under certain conditions of a helicopter flight, the main rotor can exert a rather strong effect on the tail rotor, changing its traction and power characteristics. The calculated and experimental characteristics of an isolated tail rotor under such operating conditions can differ significantly from those under conditions of interaction with the main rotor. The study of this phenomenon is an urgent task, since a change in the characteristics of the tail rotor and the conditions of its operation in the presence of the main rotor can cause a decrease in controllability margins and, as a consequence, the cause of an aircraft accident, for example, the so-called. "left rotation" of the helicopter. Since 1985, on helicopters from M. L. Mile, 42 aviation accidents occurred in units and subdivisions of the state and civil aviation of the USSR (and now Russia) due to helicopters falling into spontaneous left rotation. Over the past 10 years, 29 accidents (8 accidents and 21 accidents) have occurred for this reason. 29 helicopters were lost: 20 Mi-8, 5 Mi-24, 4 Mi-2. Experience shows that getting into an uncontrolled left rotation in almost 100% of cases ends with a collision of the helicopter with the ground and overturning it on the starboard side. The interaction of the main and tail rotor is most significantly manifested in the modes of horizontal flight with sliding at low speeds and hovering in crosswind conditions. This is due to the peculiarities of the formation of the main rotor vortex wake. In this article, the case of aerodynamic interference of the main rotor and several helicopter configurations in horizontal flight mode with the low speed with sliding (hovering in a crosswind) is considered. Using the methods of computational fluid dynamics, the degree of influence of the main rotor on the tail rotor was investigated in the described modes. The most severe operating modes of the tail rotor of each configuration have been determined. Based on the results of calculations, the most rational configuration of the tail rotor has been chosen, which has the greatest reserves of controllability under unfavorable operating conditions. The results obtained have been used in the design of a new perspective helicopter, modernization of the existing fleet, as well as improving the flight safety level.

scholarly journals Application of automated trajectory design for pilot flight assessment during route flights

Aviation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Tadas MASIULIONIS ◽  
Darius MINIOTAS ◽  
Darius RUDINSKAS ◽  
Ramūnas KIKUTIS ◽  
Gabrielė MASIULIONIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Trajectory Design ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Difficult Issue

Flight accuracy in the airspace is becoming an increasingly difficult issue due to the expanding number of aircraft operating in it. In order to meet the needs of all airspace users, aircraft flows are being increased, and different aircraft systems that minimise the risk of aircraft accidents are being developed to ensure flight safety. However, statistically, the impact of the human factor on aviation accidents and incidents remains high. This article focuses on the assessment of pilot flight accuracy during route flights and presents a methodology based on automated assessment tunnels for accurately assessing pilot flight deviations from a pre-set flight trajectory axis both on the horizontal and vertical plane.

scholarly journals ВЛИЯНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА НА ПРОЦЕСС ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ, ВЫЯВЛЯЕМОЕ ПРИ НОРМОКОНТРОЛЕ КОНСТРУКТОРСКОЙ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Виктория Викторовна Кокотина ◽  
Сергей Михайлович Степаненко ◽  
Виталий Григорьевич Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Design Documentation ◽  
Manufacturing Assembly

The role of the “human factor” in aviation is considered primarily as the most important condition affecting the level and state of flight safety of any kind of aircraft. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines the “human factor” as a priority in the field of flight safety. Reliability and safety of flights are influenced by the quality of preparation of aviation equipment for flight, the quality of manufacturing, assembly, acceptance and preflight tests, the quality of the design of aircraft, engines, the quality of the development of drawings, related technical and operational documentation. It is noted that in any activity the “human factor” is manifested by errors, oversights, and omissions, or miscalculations that a person makes while carrying out his work. In the theory of the “man-machine” relationship, a system is proposed for evaluating the production preparedness and skill of specialists (and in particular, designers) in different operating modes, based on concepts such as “Skill”, “Rule”, “Knowledge". The influence of the “human factor” on the design process is evaluated according to the results of the normative control of design documentation (CD). Conducting normative control of the design documentation is aimed at identifying errors associated with non-compliance with the norms and requirements established by the standards in the developed products; failure to comply with requirements for standardization and unification levels; failure to comply with the requirements for the rational use of restrictive nomenclatures of standardized products, design standards, grades of materials, profiles and sizes of rolled products, etc. The frequency of the repetition of the same errors detected during standard control is analyzed, and the need for periodic repetition of the knowledge of designers is shown. It is noted that the availability of electronic databases, which can be used by computer designers and developers through the computer network of the enterprise and all the specialists who coordinate it, significantly affects the “human factor” in the design process.

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