scholarly journals ‘Epistemological diversity’ in education: Philosophical and didactic considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Horsthemke
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Group A ◽  
Diversity In Education ◽  
Epistemological Pluralism ◽  
Epistemological Relativism ◽  
Widespread View

A recent but widespread view holds that ethnic or cultural groups have their own distinctive epistemologies, that epistemologies are also gendered, and that these have been largely ignored by the dominant social group. A corollary of this view states that educational research is pursued within a framework that represents particular assumptions about knowledge and knowledge production that reflect the interests and historical traditions of this dominant group. The call for epistemological diversity becomes problematic when it conflates epistemological pluralism and epistemological relativism. More often than not, in such arguments for different, diverse, alternative, decolonized or demasculinized epistemologies some relevant philosophical issues remain unresolved, if not unaddressed altogether. What exactly do these claims about epistemological diversity mean? Do these ways of establishing knowledge stand up to critical interrogation? Moreover, how do they relate to traditional epistemological distinctions, e.g. between knowledge and belief and between descriptive and normative inquiry, and to epistemologically essential components like warrant/justification and truth? This paper examines some of the mistakes and misconceptions involved in appeals to diverse epistemologies. The concern is not just whether or not a word (‘epistemology’) is being misused, but also (and importantly) whether or not the issues dealt with in epistemology (a complex field that has evolved over a long period of time) are being given short shrift, if not ignored altogether.

Hygienic characteristics of the cosmetologists' lifestyle

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 958-963
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Latyshevskaya ◽  
Tatyana L. Yatsyshena ◽  
Elena L. Shestopalova ◽  
Irina Yu. Krainova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Modern trends in the deterioration of health and the growth of non-communicable diseases among the adult working-age population, including medical workers, actualize the importance of a healthy lifestyle for maintaining health and professional longevity. There were almost no studies related to cosmetologists' experienced group as representatives of aesthetic medicine. There is no scientific evidence on behavioral risks of this group. It justifies the relevance of this study. The study aims to analyze the essential components of the cosmetologists' lifestyle depending on age and the argumentation of priority behavioral health risk factors for preventive and recreational work justification. Sixty women (practicing cosmetologists in Volgograd at the age of 28-39 years (group A) and 40-53 (group B)) took part in the study. Lifestyle assessment included a modified questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 blocks (block 1 - nutrition; 2 - physical activity, including hardening and active rest; 3 - daily regimen; 4 - personal hygiene; 5 - bad habits). It allows the analysis of the adherence to a healthy lifestyle based on the provision of quantitative data. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Excel package. The authors identified the essential and statistically significant differences in the cosmetologists' lifestyle depending on age. The respondents of group B demonstrated hygienically rational indicators in all blocks of the lifestyle more often. They had a more formed adherence to a healthy lifestyle: 504 answers in the category "insignificant risk" of respondents in group B versus 354 in group A. Distribution of answers in the "high risk" category: 119 responses in group B and 185 in group A. The lifestyle of 46.7% of the respondents in group B refers to a healthy lifestyle. 3.3% of the group B respondents have an anxious lifestyle, 50% have health risks. 10% of Group A respondents' lifestyle refers to a healthy lifestyle. 13.3% of Group A respondents' lifestyle refers to an anxious lifestyle; 76.7% of this group have health risks. There was almost no complex hygienic research profession of medical cosmetologists. Cosmetologists of the older age group (40-53 years old) are more conscious of maintaining a hygienically rational lifestyle. The most significant defects among cosmetologists aged 28-39 years are low physical activity, nutritional defects, insufficient duration of night rest, and excessive use of information and communication technologies for rest, accompanied by manifestations of neurotization and signs of pronounced fatigue. The obtained results argue the need to develop and implement informational and educational measures to prevent risk behavior patterns, taking into account the age of cosmetologists and the priority of the identified behavioral risk factors.

scholarly journals Co-Cultural Theory and Communication

Communication ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Group Members

Co-cultural communication theory, or co-cultural theory for short, emerged from the scholarly research of Mark Orbe in the 1990s. A co-cultural theoretical approach provides a lens to understand how traditionally underrepresented group members communicate within societal structures governed by cultural groups that have, over time, achieved dominant group status. The theory’s foundation was established by Orbe and colleagues by exploring the communicative lived experiences of underrepresented group members in the United States; the earliest work engaged the communication of co-cultural groups defined through race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, disability, and sexual orientation. The theory centralizes the lived experiences of co-cultural group members and focuses on instances when cultural difference is regarded as salient. At its core, co-cultural theory explores one basic question: How do co-cultural group members use communication to negotiate their cultural identities with others (both like and unlike themselves) in a societal context where they are traditionally marginalized? Through discovery-oriented qualitative research, six factors emerged (field of experience, abilities, perceived costs and rewards, communication approach, preferred outcome, and situational context) as central to the selection of specific co-cultural practices. Since its inception, co-cultural theory has been embraced as a core theory for individuals interested in studying the intersection of culture, power, and communication.

Identification and occurrence of tetrad-forming Alphaproteobacteria in anaerobic–aerobic activated sludge processes

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 3741-3748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Tak Wong ◽  
Fea Mein Tan ◽  
Wun Jern Ng ◽  
Wen-Tso Liu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Group A ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

In an acetate-fed anaerobic–aerobic membrane bioreactor, a deteriorated enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) community was developed (as determined based on the chemical profiles of organic substrate, soluble phosphate, and intracellular carbohydrate and polyhydroxyalkanote (PHA) concentrations). Microscopic observations revealed the dominance of tetrad-forming organisms (TFOs), of which the majority stained positively for PHA under anaerobic conditions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed that the Alphaproteobacteria (85·0±7·0 % of total cells) were the most dominant group. A 16S rRNA gene clone library specific for the Alphaproteobacteria indicated that most 16S rRNA gene clones (61 % of total clones) were closely affiliated with ‘Defluvicoccus vanus’, forming a cluster within subgroup 1 of the Alphaproteobacteria. Combined PHA staining and FISH with specific probes designed for the members of the ‘Defluvicoccus’ cluster suggested diversity within this TFO cluster, and that these TFOs were newly identified glycogen-accumulating organisms in EBPR systems. However, these ‘Defluvicoccus’-related TFOs were only seen in low abundance in 12 different EBPR and non-EBPR systems, suggesting that they were not the key populations responsible for the deterioration of full-scale EBPR processes.

scholarly journals NonRadial Pulsations and the Be Phenomenon

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
G. D. Penrod
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Oscillation ◽  
Radial Pulsation ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Emission Stars ◽  
High Degree

AbstractOver the last three years I have obtained about 2000 spectra of a sample of 25 rapidly rotating Bn and Be stars. All but two of the program stars show obvious line-profile variations due to non-radial oscillations. The non-emission stars are each pulsating in one or two short-period high-degree (l = 4 to 10) modes, while the Be stars are in all cases pulsating in a long-period % = 2 mode, and often in a short-period high-Z mode as well. The amplitude of the pulsations in several stars (λ Eri, o And, ζ 0ph, and 2 Vul) is correlated with the occurrence of Be outbursts. The amplitude of the pulsations is largest before the outbursts, declines slowly during the emission phases to a fraction of its previous amplitude, and then slowly recovers to its previous amplitude, a few months before the onset of the next outburst. The correspondence between the presence of a long-period % = 2 mode and Ha emission in rapidly rotating B stars strongly suggests that non-radial pulsation and rapid rotation are the essential components which enable single early B stars to become Be stars. The time scale between Be outbursts probably reflects the relaxation oscillation cycle of the I = 2 mode excitation and damping.

The impact of pretreatment absolute lymphocyte count (pALC) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (pNLR) on checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) response rates in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and bladder urothelial cancers (BC).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Tonjeh Mary Stella Bah ◽  
David Sommerhalder ◽  
Philip A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

31 Background: CPIs have been established as essential components of cancer immunotherapy across multiple cancer types with proven clinical benefit, improved outcomes, and less toxicity. Studies in lung and head and neck cancers found that low ALC, a marker of immune exhaustion, was associated with poor response to CPIs and worse progression-free survival. We explored the effect of pALC and pNLR on CPI response rates in patients with RCC and BC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed every RCC and BC patient that received CPIs at Overton Brooks VA Medical Center and LSUHSC-S between 2015 and 2019. Patients’ pALC and pNLR were calculated. The patients were divided according to pALC into 2 groups: Group A with pALC > 1000 and Group B with pALC < 1000. Similarly, using NLR’s established upper normal limit of 3, 2 groups were created: Group 1 with pNLR < 3 and Group 2 with pNLR > 3. Our primary outcome of interest was defined as the presence or absence of CPI response. Patients who attained stable disease, partial response, and complete response were categorized as responders. Those who progressed on CPIs were labeled as non-responders. The significance of the association between pALC and pNLR groups and the occurrence of any response was analyzed statistically. Results: Twenty patients (13 RCC, 7 BC) were treated with CPIs and had documented responses. Twelve patients had pALC > 1000 (Group A) whereas 8 patients had pALC < 1000 (Group B). Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, race, and types of CPIs. Group A had a significantly higher response rate (75% vs 25%, p = 0.027). As to pNLR, 10 patients had pNLR < 3 (Group 1) and another 10 patients had pNLR > 3 (Group 2). Patients with pNLR > 3 had worse response rates to CPIs compared to those with pNLR < 3 (30% vs 80%, p = 0.024). Conclusions: This is the first report from a real-world clinical setting to show a detrimental association between pALC < 1000 and pNLR > 3 and CPI response rates in a retrospective cohort of consecutive non-selected kidney and bladder cancer patients. This association and its clinical utility require further confirmation in a prospective larger cohort.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Tony Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Way

The conclusion overviews the main themes of the book. It also argues that we need to eliminate prejudice and expectations of heterosexuality, not shame straight men who have sex with men for having an “incorrect” identity. Criticizing them for their identity makes it seem as though individuals are the problem when in fact it is larger structural forces that shape the way people identify and act. Heterosexuality is many things at once: an identity, an institution, a way of relating to the world, and a culture. Like all cultures, it has institutions that undergird it and communities that are connected to it. Most straight men do not have sex with other men, of course. Those who do, however, show how and why many men come to identify as straight and masculine. A key conclusion is this: heterosexuality should be considered less a reflection of attractions and sexual behaviors and more an indication of the way people live. This includes belonging to certain institutions, having relationships with particular people, feeling that it is necessary to identify as straight to be masculine, and of course enjoying being part of a socially dominant group. A shorthand for all these things is “straight culture.”

scholarly journals Diversity of NC10 bacteria associated with sediments of submergedPotamogeton crispus(Alismatales: Potmogetonaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghan Wang ◽  
Shanshan Huang ◽  
Liangmao Zhang ◽  
Jianwei Zhao ◽  
Guanglong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Potamogeton Crispus ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

BackgroundThe nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) pathway, which plays an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems, is mediated by “CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera” (M. oxyfera) of the NC10 phylum.M. oxyfera-like bacteria are widespread in nature, however, the presence, spatial heterogeneity and genetic diversity ofM. oxyferain the rhizosphere of aquatic plants has not been widely reported.MethodIn order to simulate the rhizosphere microenvironment of submerged plants,Potamogeton crispuswas cultivated using the rhizobox approach. Sediments from three compartments of the rhizobox: root (R), near-rhizosphere (including five sub-compartments of one mm width, N1–N5) and non-rhizosphere (>5 mm, Non), were sampled. The 16S rRNA gene library was used to investigate the diversity ofM. oxyfera-like bacteria in these sediments.ResultsMethylomirabilis oxyfera-like bacteria were found in all three sections, with all 16S rRNA gene sequences belonging to 16 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A maximum of six OTUs was found in the N1 sub-compartment of the near-rhizosphere compartment and a minimum of four in the root compartment (R) and N5 near-rhizosphere sub-compartment. Indices of bacterial community diversity (Shannon) and richness (Chao1) were 0.73–1.16 and 4–9, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OTU1-11 were classified into group b, while OTU12 was in a new cluster of NC10.DiscussionOur results confirmed the existence ofM. oxyfera-like bacteria in the rhizosphere microenvironment of the submerged plantP. crispus. Group b ofM. oxyfera-like bacteria was the dominant group in this study as opposed to previous findings that both group a and b coexist in most other environments. Our results indicate that understanding the ecophysiology ofM. oxyfera-like bacteria group b may help to explain their existence in the rhizosphere sediment of aquatic plant.

scholarly journals Negotiating cultural appropriation while re-imagining co-production via Afrofuturism

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Eseonu ◽  
James Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Academic Power ◽  
The Right

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of claims of cultural appropriation in negotiating who has the right to utilise specific racial, cultural or communities' ways of knowing in research co-production. Cultural appropriation is a claim made against those making illegitimate use of traditions, knowledge and practises that originate from specific racial and/or cultural group. Appropriation helps us interrogate the ways in which rewards and benefits in academia are distributed and shared, denied or hoarded, and by whom.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a dialogue between two researchers in the in-betweens of research co-production, specifically in the negotiation of claiming the right to lead or engage in Afrofuturist work with communities.FindingsThe claim of cultural appropriation is useful in naming, drawing boundaries and creating spaces for negotiation around access and ownership of academic work but must also develop as part of a broader transformative agenda towards racial equality in academia.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition to ethical considerations about power imbalances and extractive practises, research co-production should also be concerned with acknowledging and crediting knowledge production practises that originate from specific racial and/or cultural groups.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to explore issues of cultural appropriation in research co-production, and co-production in relation to Afrofuturism. This extends ethical concerns on research co-production beyond academic power imbalances with, and extracting value from, communities to negotiating the relationships between academics and traditions, knowledge and practises developed by specific racial and/or cultural groups.

scholarly journals Inferior Oblique Weakening and Abnormal Head Position: Controlled Myotomy versus Recession

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Migliorini ◽  
R. Malagola ◽  
A. M. Comberiati ◽  
L. Arrico
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Vertical Deviation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Full Resolution ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose. Randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing surgical outcomes in a group of patients suffering from hyperfunction of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle with abnormal head position (AHP). The surgical techniques being compared are Recession and (thread) Controlled Myotomy.Materials and Methods. The group of 20 patients suffering from medium-high hyperfunction of the IO was assessed through an ophthalmological and orthoptic examination. 10 patients underwent traditional Recession (Group  A) and 10 were treated with Controlled Myotomy (Group  B).Results. The average age was 19 years ± 10.7 SD. After 1 year, 20% of Group  A showed a small Vertical Deviation associated with a small AHP, while 80% had orthophoria and 40% of them had a small AHP. 80% of Group  B showed a small Vertical Deviation associated with an equally small AHP, while 20% had orthophoria with a full resolution of AHP.Conclusion. Based on the results obtained and the fewer intrasurgical risks involved, thread Controlled Myotomy proved to be a valid alternative to Recession. Furthermore, in case of Recession, over the long period a small residual AHP remained in the patients who had orthophoria, unlike Myotomy which led to a total resolution.

scholarly journals Structure and distribution of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria vary with water tables in Zoige peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuping Zhong ◽  
Dan Xue ◽  
Huai Chen ◽  
Liangfeng Liu ◽  
Yixin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Anaerobic Methane Oxidation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Damo Bacteria

ABSTRACT The recently discovered nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) is an important methane sink in natural ecosystems performed by NC10 phylum bacteria. However, the effect of water table (WT) gradient due to global change on n-damo bacterial communities is not well studied in peatlands. Here, we analysed the vertical distribution (0–100 cm) of n-damo bacterial communities at three sites with different WTs of the Zoige peatlands in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Using an n-damo bacterial specific 16S rRNA gene clone library, we obtained 25 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that could be divided into Groups A, B, C, D and E (dominated by A and B). The dominant group was Group B at the high (OTU14 and OTU20) and intermediate (OTU7 and OTU8) WT sites and Group A was dominant at the low WT site (OTU6 and OTU5). Using high-throughput sequencing, we observed that n-damo bacteria mainly distributed in subsurface soils (50–60 and 20–30 cm), and their relative abundances were higher at the low WT site than at the other two sites. In addition, we found that pH and nitrate were positively correlated with Group A, while total organic carbon, total nitrogen and ammonia were positively associated with Group B. Our study provides new insights into our understanding of the response of n-damo bacteria to WT gradient in peatlands, with important implications for global change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document