Emisja zanieczyszczeń przy zasilaniu silnika ZS olejem napędowym z domieszką bioetanolu

Bioethanol is an oxygen compound added to gasoline. Research into the possibility of applying it to diesel oil is conducted. It is assumed that such fuel could help reduce the emission of gaseous and particulate matter in comparison with conventional fuels. This paper presents the results of the authors’ chassis dynamometer test for biofuel containing 15% bioethanol. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (THC), and particulate matters (PM) were related to diesel oil emissions.

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Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Matter from Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Emulsified MDO, and Dimethyl Ether Fuels in Auxiliary Marine Engines

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse8050322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 322

Author(s):

Jinkyu Park ◽

Iksoo Choi ◽

Jungmo Oh ◽

Changhee Lee

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Emulsified Fuel ◽

Marine Vehicles ◽

Marine Engines ◽

Marine Diesel ◽

Chamber Temperature

Exhaust gases from ships and automobiles have a significant impact on people and the environment. As a result, diesel engines used in land and marine vehicles are gradually being restricted, and low-carbon engines are under development. This study considers marine diesel oil (MDO) that is used in ships to meet the emission regulations required by the International Maritime Organization. This investigation explores the method and application technology for the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter using emulsified fuel and mass-produced dimethyl ether (DME) fuel, which are analyzed. When comparing emulsified fuel and DME fuel to MDO, which is a ship oil, NOx are reduced by 20–45% and the particulate matter is reduced by 60–97%. When emulsified fuel containing moisture is used, the combustion chamber temperature is lowered due to the optimal expansion by moisture contained in the fuel. The particulate matter is also reduced. When DME fuel is used, it reduces the particulate matter by more than 97% in comparison with the existing MDO fuel and the emulsified fuel. The conditions are believed to be suitable for combustion and they can be satisfied by supplying oxygen during post-combustion.

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Analysis of the 11-year Record (1987-1997) of Air Pollution measurements in Athens, Greece. Part I: Primary air pollutants

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000135 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 157-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Atmospheric Pollutants ◽

Black Smoke ◽

Almost All

A climatological analysis of atmospheric concentrations of primary air pollutants in Athens, Greece, is presented for the 11-year period 1987-1997, since the automated local air pollution network operating by the Ministry of Environment started to record all conventional pollutants. The concentration levels of the atmospheric pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black smoke for the most polluted stations (Patission, Athinas and Piraeus) of the air pollution network were examined. For all primary pollutants a seasonal variation with minimum in summer and maximum in winter is observed. Sulfur dioxide has the strongest seasonal cycle and black smoke the weakest. There is a significant downward trend for almost all pollutants in all stations. The highest reductions are observed in Patission where a comparison between the 3-year periods 1988-1990 and 1995-1997 gives 52%, 34%, 26% and 20% decreases for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and black smoke, respectively. The pollution abatement measures taken by the state authorities during the period 1990-1994, mainly consisting in the replacement of the old technology gasoline-powered private cars and the reduction of the sulfur content in diesel oil, seem to be the primary cause of the improvement in air quality in Athens during the recent years.

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Effect of rapeseed methyl ester on emission production

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/71/2012-rae ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

M. Pexa ◽

K. Kubín

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Emission Component ◽

Rapeseed Methyl Ester ◽

Tractor Engine

This paper describes the effect of a mixture of rapeseed methyl ester and diesel oil on emission production of tractor engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to load the engine of Zetor Forterra 8641 tractor over rear power take-off. The measured tractor is almost new with less than 100 h worked. The measurements were realized for several ratios of diesel oil and rapeseed methyl ester (from pure diesel to pure rapeseed methyl ester). The engine was loaded by the dynamometer in several working points which were predefined by engine speed and its torque. The production of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate matter (PM) were measured in each of these points. The comparison of different fuels was performed using the Non-Road Steady Cycle (NRSC) test procedure. Engine maps were also created for each emission component and for all of tested fuels.    

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Inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland using the COPERT 5 software

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2019-326 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 178 (3) ◽

pp. 150-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽

Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽

Jakub LASOCKI ◽

Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽

Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Volatile Organic

This article presents results of the inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland. To determine emission from motor vehicles in Poland COPERT 5 software was used for the first time. In addition, a comparison of the national emission from motor vehi-cles in 2016 and in 2015 was included. Pollutants harmful to health were considered primarily: carbon monoxide, organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Emission of substances contributing to the intensification of the greenhouse effect were also examined: carbon dioxide, ammonia and nitrous oxide. It was found that the relative increase in volume of emission of carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds is less than 10%, and nitrogen oxides and particulate matter less than 15%. The relative increase in carbon dioxide emission is approximately 14%, which corresponds to a relative increase in fuel consumption. The relative increase of volume of heavy metal emission is similar. The assessment of the energy emission factor (emission of pollution related to energy equal to used fuel) proves that – amongst pollutants harmful to health – for carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds there is a relative reduction by approximately 5% in 2016, and for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter – increase by approximately (3–4)%.

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Numerical Study on Nitrogen Oxide and Black Carbon Reduction of Marine Diesel Engines Using Emulsified Marine Diesel Oil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11226347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 6347 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iksoo Choi ◽

Changhee Lee

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Nitrogen Oxide ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Combustion Temperature ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Carbon Reduction ◽

Marine Diesel

In this study, the exhaust gas characteristics of marine diesel oil (MDO) and emulsion fuels, which are currently used to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matters emitted from ship engines, were investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. The moisture included in the emulsion fuel primarily promotes the atomization of fuel due to microexplosion, and lowers the combustion temperature due to the latent heat of evaporation from the evaporation of moisture, thus reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. In the case of emulsion fuel containing a water content of 16%, the combustion temperature was lowered, and the reduction rate of nitrogen oxide and black carbon was about 60% and 15%, respectively. The proposed method is a combustion control technology that can reduce particulate matter as well as nitrogen oxides by using emulsion fuel.

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Emissions factors for gaseous and particulate pollutants from offshore diesel engine vessels in China

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-15-23507-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (17) ◽

pp. 23507-23541 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Zhang ◽

Y. Chen ◽

C. Tian ◽

J. Li ◽

G. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Elemental Carbon ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Operating Modes ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Total Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Engine Power

Abstract. Shipping emissions have significant influence on atmospheric environment as well as human health, especially in coastal areas and the harbor districts. However, the contribution of shipping emissions on the environment in China still need to be clarified especially based on measurement data, with the large number ownership of vessels and the rapid developments of ports, international trade and shipbuilding industry. Pollutants in the gaseous phase (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total volatile organic compounds) and particle phase (particulate matter, organic carbon, elemental carbon, sulfates, nitrate, ammonia, metals) in the exhaust from three different diesel engine power offshore vessels in China were measured in this study. Concentrations, fuel-based and power-based emissions factors for various operating modes as well as the impact of engine speed on emissions were determined. Observed concentrations and emissions factors for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter were higher for the low engine power vessel than for the two higher engine power vessels. Fuel-based average emissions factors for all pollutants except sulfur dioxide in the low engine power engineering vessel were significantly higher than that of the previous studies, while for the two higher engine power vessels, the fuel-based average emissions factors for all pollutants were comparable to the results of the previous studies. The fuel-based average emissions factor for nitrogen oxides for the small engine power vessel was more than twice the International Maritime Organization standard, while those for the other two vessels were below the standard. Emissions factors for all three vessels were significantly different during different operating modes. Organic carbon and elemental carbon were the main components of particulate matter, while water-soluble ions and elements were present in trace amounts. Best-fit engine speeds during actual operation should be based on both emissions factors and economic costs.

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The effects of fuel dilution in a natural-gas direct-injection engine

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/09544070jauto705 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 222 (3) ◽

pp. 441-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G P McTaggart-Cowan ◽

S N Rogak ◽

P G Hill ◽

S R Munshi ◽

W K Bushe

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Fuel Composition ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Direct Injection Engine ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Combustion Duration

This study reports the effects of fuelling a heavy-duty single-cylinder research engine with pilot-ignited late-cycle direct-injected natural gas diluted with 0, 20, and 40 per cent nitrogen. The combustion duration is unaffected while its intensity is reduced and its stability is increased. Emissions of nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide are all reduced, with no effect on the engine's performance and efficiency. The results indicate the benefits of increased in-cylinder turbulence and are of particular relevance when considering fuel composition variations with non-conventional sources of gaseous fuels.

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Advanced Aftertreatment System Development for a Locomotive Application

ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2012-92198 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul W. Park ◽

Markus Downey ◽

David Youngren ◽

Claus Bruestle

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Nox Reduction ◽

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽

Oxidation Catalyst ◽

Loop Control ◽

Aftertreatment System ◽

Close Loop Control

For the first time in the locomotive industry, an advanced exhaust aftertreatment system for a locomotive application was successfully demonstrated to reduce nitrogen oxides from 6.46 g/kW·hr to 1.21g/kWhr to meet the needs of local NOx reduction requirements for non-attainment areas. Five 2,240 kW (3,005 horsepower) PR30C line-haul repowered Progress Rail locomotives were equipped with diesel oxidation catalyst and selective catalytic reduction technologies to accumulate more than 27,000 hours in total in revenue service. Full emissions performance including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter was conducted at Southwest Research Institute on a regular basis to measure the change of emissions performance for two selected locomotives. The emissions performance of the aftertreatment system did not show any degradation during 3,000 hours operation. After 3,000 hours operation, 0.13 g/kW·hr carbon monoxide (89–91% reduction), 0.027 g/ kW·hr hydrocarbons (91% reduction), 1.08–1.21 g/ kW·hr nitrogen oxides (81–83% reduction) and 0.05–0.08 g/ kW·hr particulate matter (38–58% reduction) were measured on the line-haul cycle. The baseline emissions levels of the engine are within Tier 2 EPA locomotive limits. The newly developed close loop control software successfully controlled targeted nitrogen oxides reduction with minimum ammonia slip during the locomotive emission cycle tests.

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Banning Two-stroke Auto-rickshaws in Lahore: Policy Implications

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v45i4iipp.1169-1185 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 45 (4II) ◽

pp. 1169-1185

Author(s):

Mohammad Rafiq Khan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Premature Death ◽

Policy Implications

The motorcycles and rickshaws, due to being equipped with two-stroke engines, are the most inefficient vehicles in complete burning of fuel and thus contribute most to emission of air pollutants in the environment. The major pollutants from two-stroke engines are Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Hydrocarbons (HC) and Particulate Matter (PM). Their presence in the environment causes a number of respiratory diseases and other illnesses. For example, CO and NOx are notorious irritants of respiratory system and have potential suffocating action. PM causes premature death, and illness. Its presence is accompanied by increased hospital admissions for asthma and other bronchial conditions such as bronchitis, etc.

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