scholarly journals JÓZEFAT ZIELONACKI ZAPOMNIANY POLSKI ROMANISTA XIX W. SZKIC DO BIOGRAFII

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Józefat Zielonacki - A Forgotten Polish Romanist of XIX C. An Outline of a BiographySummaryJ. Zielonacki was born on 28 November 1818 in a village called Goniczki, situated the Grand Duchy of Poznan, which belonged to his family.He spent his childhood in his family estate. After completing education in schools in Trzemeszno and Poznan he studied in Berlin, where he graduated in 1845 and conferred a doctor degree (dr) in both laws. In 1848 (or 1849) he was qualified as an assistant professor (dr hab) at Wroclaw University, where he subsequently lectured the Roman law.In 1850 Prof. Zielonacki succeeded to be a head of the Roman law department at the Jagiellonian University.At that time Galicia was in the period of absolutist reaction after the People’s Spring, distinguished by the suppression of civil liberties and a regime of terror. The declaration of a state of siege on 10.01.1849 led to handing over a full authority to Austrian generals, subsequent military commanders of the country, to whose authority - legitimately and in practice - (in these circumstances) the Galician governor - Agenor hr. Goluchowski was - submitted. The University was in practice deprived of its autonomy; all important matters were meticulously directed and supervised by the central authorities in Vienna. Appointments to professorships depended exclusively on the Austrian Ministry of Education, which also examined in detail ‘the political conformity’ of each candidate. Prof. Zielonacki was put up as a candidate by the minister Leon hr. Thun, who wrote in the application to the Emperor about a “great talent” but also “unblemished political attitude” of the candidate.J. Zielonacki lectured the Roman law in Cracow for two years and a half - until the end of December 1852. He was popular amongst the students and was respected amongst scholars as an eminent expert of the Roman law.On 1.01.1853 - without giving any justification, Prof. Zielonacki was removed from the University together with the following Professors: A. Malecki, W. Pol, A. Z. Helcel. The reasons for the dismissal have not been fully explained; at present it is considered as a revenge of the authorities for “the national attitude of the university full of dignity and visible efforts to maintain the Polish character” or even “acts of terror”. The direct reason for dismissing the “inconvenient” Professors was a denunciation against Prof. Malecki and Prof. Pol (and possibly Kremer), which drew the attention of the police to the whole academic environment. The head of the police in Cracow - Carol Neusser - who was commissioned to check the grounds of the denunciation, invigilated all university professors. It was claimed in his report (written on 21.03.1852) that some of the lecturers were particularly dangerous for the authorities. Prof. Zielonacki was described to be an impulsive person, having - “apart from Polish revolutionary tendencies, plenty of Prussian prejudices against Austria”, behaving “always unfriendly” towards the government. Thus, the removal of the professors had a clear political context - no particular accusations were however formulated. After the dismissal from the Jagiellonian University, Prof. Zielonacki was moved to Innsbruck, where he was the head of the Roman law department (until 1855), and afterwards he took over the same post at the Karol University in Prague.In 1857 Prof. Zielonacki, at his own request, was moved to the Lwow University, where he taught Roman law until he retired in 1870.In 1861 he tried to go back to Cracow to take over a vacant post in the Roman Law department but the authorities rejected his candidacy.Prof. Zielonacki made major contributions to the polonization of the Lwow University - he was the first and - for a long time - the only professor lecturing in Polish. In intense disputes with German professors he managed to win the right to use the Polish legal terminology during the lectures, subsequently a right for lectures in Polish, and afterwards to use Polish during exams. Fighting for the polonization of the university had an impact on his professorship career - after he was elected to be the dean of the Law Faculty for the first time for the academic year 1861/61 - he was ostentatiously neglected by his colleagues in elections to this post.Prof. Zielonacki, apart from his work with students, was also active in other areas: between 1867 and 1873 he was a member of the Autrian State Tribunal, and above all an active member of the Science Academy (from 1873 - since it was established). After Prof. Kramers death, from 1875 to 1878, he was a director of the Philosophy and History Faculty and played a significant role in establishing the Commission of Law in the Science Academy.Prof. Zielonacki died in his family estate in Goniczki on 28.04.1884.His scientific output is very ample - he wrote numerous articles and dissertations (in Latin, German and Polish) mainly on possession and usucaption. He is also an author of two monographs on servitudes (Wroclaw 1849) and on possession (Poznan 1854). The latter was also issued in Polish. The work of his lifetime was a two pans manual “Pandekta, i.e. a lecture on the Roman private law as it is the basis of the new laws” published in Polish in Cracow (1862/63, issue II 1870/1871), dedicated to “Polish youth devoting to the legal profession”. This work was greatly appreciated at his times.At present Prof. Zielonacki is groundlessly forgotten. He belonged to the most eminent Romanists of his times, he was an expen in Latin and German literature on the Roman law. He also substantially contributed to the polonization of law teaching. His personage - as an eminent scholar and patriot - it worth recalling. 

scholarly journals Hungary: Orban’s atypical programme of solving the crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-319
Author(s):  
Misa Djurkovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Socialist Government ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the political and economic situation in Hungary in the last several years. The author firstly points to the causes of decline of influence of the previous socialist government and the heavy defeat of the socialists in the 2010 elections and the success of the right party Fidesz. After winning the elections, the Viktor Orban government started, at an accelerated rate, to implement the pre-election programme of Fidesz that had been prepared for a long time while it was an opposition party. The author is of the opinion that this programme is atypical, very radical and unique by many characteristics in the Europe of today. He points out that only a year after Fidesz victory the government and the parliament adopted quite a number of laws, a new Constitution and a set of risky measures of recovery that should lead to a substantial economic reform. The author particularly underlines the fact that the government decided to break of negotiation with IMF, reject its recommendations and try to overcome over-indebtedness by carrying out its own ideas.

scholarly journals Abortion: A Review on Indonesia Regulations

Rechtsidee ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariansi Panimba Sampebulu
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Construction ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The position of women in legal construction in Indonesia today is still difficult to adjust to the circumstances that occur, especially in terms of equality issues. The abortion that has been a problem for so long time, being discussed because of the rules that are considered not in accordance with the existing rules, and the amount of pressure from various things. Law and Women are always placed in objects that are not neutral, especially in terms of discussing reproductive health. The government and legislation feel that they have a stake in integrating reproductive health owned by women. It is the position of women in the law that gives rise to many struggle movements and the diffusion of feminism in Indonesia. The rules of Article 31 paragraph 1 and 2 of Government Regulation Number 61 of 2014 which regulate safe abortion need to be more attention and safeguarded, so that a woman has the right to be based on herself. 

scholarly journals The Method of Selecting Academic Leaders at Emerging Saudi Universities and its Relationship to Some Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Share Aiyed Aldosari
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Institutional Loyalty ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The study aimed to identify the current method used for selecting academic leaders at emerging Saudi universities from the viewpoint of faculty members working there, and whether there is a correlation between the method used and the following variables: job satisfaction, organizational justice, organizational commitment, productivity motivation, and institutional loyalty and affiliation. In order to achieve the goals of the study, the researcher designed a questionnaire that included identifying the method used. The questionnaire consisted of (31) items divided according to the variables mentioned, and it was distributed to the study sample (300 faculty members), randomly chosen from the study community (2382 members). The results showed that there is a correlation between the method used and the variables mentioned which were at an intermediate level, with the exception of the productivity motivation that was at a high level for university professors, despite the fact that the foregoing variables were lower than expected. This made the researcher recommend that the university and the Ministry of Education would review that mechanism and hold conferences and workshops in order to address it before these positive professors suffer from disappointment and job burnout. The study also revealed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) in experience in favor of (10) years or more, in the academic rank in favor of (Assistant Professor), and in officiality and contracting in favor of the contracting parties.

Excerpt from the history of the “Hochschulpsychiatrie Erlangen” (1818–2016): On the history of a connection between University and Institutional Psychiatry, Unique in Germany (1903–1974)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S627-S627
Author(s):  
B. Braun ◽  
J. Kornhuber
Keyword(s):  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Patient Documentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Psychiatry ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Head Of Department

ObjectiveTo examine the more than 70-year history of a connection between University and Institutional Psychiatry.MethodRelevant archival material as well as primary and secondary literature were examined.ResultsAs early as 1818 Johann Michael Leupoldt (1794–1874) held a seminar on “madness” as an assistant professor in Erlangen. But the University Psychiatric Clinic did not begin until 1903 within the association of the mental asylum founded on a contract agreement between the Friedrich-Alexander, University Erlangen and the County Senate of Middle-Franconia. The history of the “Hochschulpsychiatrie Erlangen” reflects part of the history of German psychiatry. The plans to accomplish independence were doomed to impracticability by the social-political situation before, during and after the First and also Second World Wars. Clinic patients were registered as “Institutional residents”, the Clinic had no income of its own, the Head of Department and Director of the Clinic was formally considered as the “senior doctor of the asylum”.DiscussionThe complicated duty dependence of the Head of Department on the Director of the asylum undoubtedly contributed to their decades spanning “mésalliance tradition”. A public scandal arose in 1978 from an accusation of dereliction of duty to the government of Middle-Franconia because of lacking protection of patient documentation and medications during the relocation of the former institution departments to the newly constructed Regional Hospital on the Europakanal.OutlookCooperation between the University Clinic and the Regional Hospital exists in altered form today. The Psychiatric Clinic can thus include patients from the Regional Hospital in scientific studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Industrial Mindset of Education in Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Denny Kodrat
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Credit Transfer ◽  
Hard Skills ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program is one of the distinguished programs issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture. It is expected that the university students enhance soft and hard skills by joining one of eight suggested programs. Link and match was an initial policy in the 1990s while the MBKM program is improved. The study aims to uncover the industrial interest embedded in MBKM policy by reviewing the concepts and educational design in Indonesia. Library research towards the ideas was reviewed. Reputable journals and books were collected and overviewed while the critical concept of education was carried out as a tool of analysis. The theory of education addressed by Illich (2000), Walker (1981), and Nabhani (2001) was employed to trace the Industrialization of education in MBKM policy. The study shows that the industrial factors in MBKM policy are highlighted and strengthened by giving students the right to take a program and doing a credit transfer at the end of the program. The university and study program curriculum is focused on the need for the business and industrial world.

scholarly journals A Study Showing Research Has Been Valued over Teaching in Higher Education

2015 ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Vocational Studies

Research has been valued and given priority over teaching for a long time in academia.  In recent decades, the Taiwanese Ministry of Education has pursued objective and quantitative research criteria and has encouraged higher education institutions to ask teachers to publish papers in SSCI or SCI journals as part of the criteria for promotion and evaluation.  This policy strengthens the concept that research has priority over teaching because teachers must devote more time to research than to teaching in order to be promoted and evaluated.The purpose of this study is to explore the influences that cause teachers to value research over teaching.  To achieve this purpose, document analysis, the analysis of Taiwan Higher Education database and interviews were adapted as methods. First of all, our researchers collected and analyzed the documents for promotion and evaluation of twelve different universities whose areas of specialty included general studies, education, medicine, vocational studies, and the arts. Then, the study used and analyzed the empirical data of teachers’ working hours every week for different tasks from the Taiwan Higher Education Database which investigated the working conditions of teachers in higher education in 2004. Additionally, twenty professors who have different areas of study and work in different types of universities were interviewed to collect teachers’ opinions of the task priority of research, teaching, and service duties. The results showed that academia in Taiwan exhibits the phenomenon that research is valued over teaching. The reasons are due to the requirements of the reward system. The reward system emphasizes research over teaching and service. Teachers’ research achievements are judged based on publishing articles in different types of journals and the amount of research funding they can obtain. The results also showed that every week teachers spend the most time on teaching, then on research, and finally on service. However, teachers emphasize research as the most important task, then teaching, and finally service. Although the majority of teachers think research is the most important duty, there is still twenty percent of teachers who think it is the least important. Although teaching has been thought of as the second most important duty after research, it is the task that the most teachers give as the first priority as far as time spent and none of the interviewees thought it is the least important. Universities and teachers all try to use their professionalism as capital to gain financial support from the government. This situation forces teachers to try to put more time and energy into research, but they still need to maintain teaching and service work quality. Some teachers focus more time and energy on research and ignore the needs of students. Working time endlessly increases even for teachers who out value on both teaching and research. Some suggestions based on the findings have been proposed for Taiwanese higher institutions.

scholarly journals «Generation of The 28th» in the History of Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Dabagyan Emil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the most important period in the historical development of Venezuela. Under the dictator Juan Vicente Gomez, who reigned uncontrollably for a long time, the “Generation of the 28th” emerged. It contributed notably to the democratic development of the country. The participants of named movement were mainly the representatives of student youth; they were the first to openly oppose the tyranny. "The Generation of the 28th" went through a complex evolutionary path eradicating their own mistakes. A representative democracy functioned in Venezuela for forty years. It modified the face of Venezuelan society: the adopted Constitution guaranteed to all citizens the right to elect and be elected. The regular shifts in all the government agencies, a freedom of assembly and the media were practiced. The democratic institutions worked securily while serious socio-economic reforms were carried out throughout the country.

scholarly journals Deficiencies in the Quantity of Paddy to be stored in the collection centers of Balod District of Chhattisgarh State and its Redressal

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Digeshwari Dewangan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Storage Facilities

There are four collection centers and one marketing association in Balod District. As per the data received, the storage facilities in the collection centers are inadequate because of which the storage is done in unscientific method and under the open sky. There is a lack of platforms and sheds. Sensitive food grains like paddy should not be stored for a long time. Since the storage system in Balod District is inadequate, it is true. The main reason for the reduction in yield in the collection centers is due to the lack of timely transportation because storage is arranged according to the capacity in the storage centers. But due to not lifting at the right time, the stock increases, due to which the yield decreases due to dryness, rain, and insect-pests, which leads to Qualitative and Quantitative loss in the yield and the Officer Employee have to bear that loss. Is. The main reason for the decrease in yield is due to non-availability of Transportation Facility. There is also inadequacy of Storage System because of the amount of Expenditure. In Chhattisgarh, storage is done by unscientific method. From the above research it comes to the conclusion that my research Hypotheses is true. A successful attempt can be made to rectify this by making the Government aware of the findings and suggestions of this study, so that adequate storage arrangements can be done, which will reduce the yield reduction or come within the criterion so that the Officers and Employees can be benefited.

I Join the Punjab Education Department

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Ram Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Government College ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Education Department ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
University Science

In this chapter Ruchi Ram Sahni recounts his early years as Assistant Professor of Science at the Government College, Lahore. In addition to teaching and running experiments, Sahni delivered three lectures a week in Urdu at the University science class at the Oriental College as a Kapurthala Alexandra scholar. He also found the time to attend carpentry classes for six months at the Mayo School of Art, where he made the acquaintance of Lockwood Kipling and learned carpentry from the famous master architect, Bhai Ram Singh. The chapter also describes an unfortunate episode involving the leaking of examination papers by an English colleague in which Sahni was unfairly implicated, and discusses some British policies which discriminated against Indians in the field of higher education.

Rejoinder

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
Richard A. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

My reply is brief; I do not try to recapitulate the arguments in my book, and the précis that accompanies the comments. There are many good points made in the comments, which I do not repeat either; my focus is on the areas of disagreement emphasized in the comments.Segev. I am puzzled by the reference on the first page of his comment to distributive justice. I understand the term to refer to the principles for allocating wealth or other goods across persons, and I do not think those principles are engaged by efforts to balance concerns of security against concerns of civil liberties.When I said that “what counts as justification is no part of habeas corpus,” I did not mean that the detention of a person cannot be challenged by asking for habeas corpus, or that the detention need not be justified. I meant merely that the creation of a right of habeas corpus does not indicate how great a showing of necessity to detain a person the government must demonstrate. Justification is a separate issue from the existence of a right of habeas corpus. Obviously if little or no justification is required, the right becomes nugatory.

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