scholarly journals Brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms in the state of Acre, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Jefferson Viana Alves Diniz ◽  
Renato Mesquita Peixoto ◽  
Laine Oliveira Silva ◽  
Marina Marie Bento Nogueira ◽  
Rosano Ramos de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Lactating Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the to evaluate the occurrence rate of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in dairy herds of Acre State, Brazil. The survey was performed on 487 lactating cows distributed across 27 farms in seven cities from June 2018 to February 2019. Farms were selected according to the following criteria: volume of milk production (150 L/day), distance to an urban perimeter (43 km), and time of dairy activity (12 years). For the diagnosis of brucellosis, buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPA) and complement fixation (CF) tests were used. Among the investigated animals, the occurrence rates for brucellosis and tuberculosis were 1.88% (9/487) and 1.23% (6/487), respectively; among the investigated farms, 11.11% (3/27) and 22.2% (6/27) had livestock diagnosed as positive for brucellosis and tuberculosis, respectively. The farms with tuberculosis-positive cattle possessed some common features with respect to herd size. These farms had considerable herd sizes, which were reared extensively in pastures shared with other susceptible or pathogen-carrying animals. In conclusion, the occurrence rate of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in dairy herds from Acre state is, in general, lower than that observed in other states of Brazil. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for developing strategies to control and eradicate both diseases to prevent eventual outbreaks and pathogen dissemination.

scholarly journals The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254091
Author(s):  
Gizat Almaw ◽  
Andrew J. K. Conlan ◽  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Alemseged Alemu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
High Prevalence

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage cluster sampling survey taking the dairy herd as a cluster to estimate the prevalence of bTB in dairy farms in six areas of central Ethiopia. The survey, which to date is by far the largest in the area in terms of the number of dairy farms, study areas and risk factors explored, took place from March 2016 to May 2017. This study combined tuberculin skin testing and the collection of additional herd and animal level data by questionnaire to identify potential risk factors contributing to bTB transmission. We applied the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test using >4mm cut-off for considering an individual animal as positive for bTB; at least one reactor animal was required for a herd to be considered bTB positive. Two hundred ninety-nine dairy herds in the six study areas were randomly selected, from which 5,675 cattle were tested. The overall prevalence of bTB after standardisation for herd-size in the population was 54.4% (95% CI 48.7–60%) at the herd level, and it was 24.5% (95% CI 23.3–25.8) at the individual animal level. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with herd and area as random effect was used to explore risk factors association with bTB status. We found that herd size, age, bTB history at farm, and breed were significant risk factors for animals to be SICCT positive. Animals from large herds had 8.3 times the odds of being tuberculin reactor (OR: 8.3, p-value:0.008) as compared to animals from small herds. The effect of age was strongest for animals 8–10 years of age (the oldest category) having 8.9 times the odds of being tuberculin reactors (OR: 8.9, p-value:<0.001) compared to the youngest category. The other identified significant risk factors were bTB history at farm (OR: 5.2, p-value:0.003) and cattle breed (OR: 2.5, p-value: 0.032). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of bTB in central Ethiopia but with a large variation in within-herd prevalence between herds, findings that lays an important foundation for the future development of control strategies.

scholarly journals Factors associated with 56-day non-return rate in dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Fouz ◽  
Fernando Gandoy ◽  
María Luisa Sanjuán ◽  
Eduardo Yus ◽  
Francisco Javier Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Models ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
North West ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
Major Factors

The objective of this work was to identify factors associated with the 56-day non-return rate (56-NRR) in dairy herds in the Galician region, Spain, and to estimate it for individual Holstein bulls. The experiment was carried out in herds originated from North-West Spain, from September 2008 to August 2009. Data of the 76,440 first inseminations performed during this period were gathered. Candidate factors were tested for their association with the 56-NRR by using a logistic model (binomial). Afterwards, 37 sires with a minimum of 150 first performed inseminations were individually evaluated. Logistic models were also estimated for each bull, and predicted individual 56-NRR rate values were calculated as a solution for the model parameters. Logistic regression found four major factors associated with 56-NRR in lactating cows: age at insemination, days from calving to insemination, milk production level at the time of insemination, and herd size. First-service conception rate, when a particular sire was used, was higher for heifers (0.71) than for lactating cows (0.52). Non-return rates were highly variable among bulls. Asignificant part of the herd-level variation of 56-NRR of Holstein cattle seems attributable to the service sire. High correlation level between observed and predicted 56-NRR was found.

scholarly journals Fertility parameters in German dairy herds: Associations with milk yield and herd size

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Jörn Rethmeier ◽  
Michael Wenzlau ◽  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Steffi Wiedemann ◽  
Lisa Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Key Factor

Fertility in dairy cows has decreased over the last fifty years while milk production per cow has increased. Furthermore, dairy herds become larger resulting in fewer employees per cow, which might also influence reproductive performance. To elucidate the situation in Germany, selected parameters (conception rate, service rate, pregnancy rate, days to first insemination and days open) were studied using data on 148 herds. For statistical analysis the herds were categorized concerning milk yield: (1) &lt; 30 kg, (2) 30‒35 kg, and (3) &gt; 35 kg/cow/day as well as concerning herd size: (1) &lt; 200, (2) 200‒400, (3) 400‒1000 and (4) &gt; 1000 milking cows. There was no difference in conception rate among herds. That means on dairy farms of larger size or with high milk yield the chance of an inseminated cow to become pregnant is the same as in small herds or in herds with low milk yield. Small herds (&lt; 200 cows) had lower pregnancy rates than larger herds (200–400 cows). The pregnancy rate in herds with different milk yield was not statistically different. Though there was a trend that dairy farms with higher milk yield (&gt; 30 kg) had higher pregnancy rates. The statistical differences and trends of pregnancy rates are due to higher service rate in larger herds as well as in herds with high milk yield. Therefore, service rate is the key factor for high reproductive performance on dairy farms. Poor fertility is not associated with high milk yield on herd basis or large herd size but may represent inappropriate farm management.

scholarly journals The Effect of Housing and Waste Management Practice for Milk Production in Arba Minch Town, Gamo Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Bekele Aysheshim Belay
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Waste Management Practice

The objective of the study was to assess waste management practice of small holder dairy farms in Arba Minch town. The survey methodology was systematically purposive sampling using semi-structure questionnaires. Herd composition were observed lactating cows (15%), pregnant cow (10%), lactating and pregnant (20 %), heifer (10%) bull (10%) oxen (10%) male calf (10%) and female calf (15%). While in the sechaarea; lactating (20%), pregnant (10%), lactating and pregnant cow (25 %), heifer (10%) bull (5%) oxen (10%) male calf (10%) and female calf (10%). So in the study area most respondent holds lactating and pregnant cows. Respondent uses open barn, open camp and others. That not comfortable for animal. This covers (22%), (7.5%) and (2.5%) of respondent respectively. The major wastes are dung, urine (52.5%).Most respondent (95%) said that wastes affect animal, human, environment. It sometimes cause of complain with neighbors due to leaking of wastes and bad smell from the farm (82.5) and source some zoonotic disease, cough and etc.

scholarly journals Evaluation of economic indicators for Czech dairy farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-508
Author(s):  
Jan Syrůček ◽  
Luděk Bartoň ◽  
Dalibor Řehák ◽  
Jindřich Kvapilík ◽  
Jiří Burdych
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Milk Level

Milk production is one of the most important areas of the Czech agrarian sector, as evidenced by its 50% share (at 2017 prices) in revenues from livestock production. As for any business, a certain level of profitability is a prerequisite for long-term and sustainable development of dairy farms. This study’s aim was to evaluate the economic efficiency of milk production from both Czech Fleckvieh (C) and Holstein (H) cows based on data collected each year from 48 to 70 Czech dairy farms in the period from 2012 to 2017. Total costs per feeding day and litre of milk, level of profitability, and income over feed costs were calculated. The influences of herd size and milk yield on profitability and break-even points were examined while sensitivity analysis and model calculations were utilised to predict profitability. The farms with higher average milk yields (&gt;7 500 and &gt;9 500 L per lactation for C and H, respectively) had higher costs per feeding day, lower costs per litre of milk, and improved profitability (p &lt; 0.05). Average break-even points were estimated for milk price (0.31 and 0.32 EUR) and milk yield (7 257 and 9 209 L) in C and H herds, respectively.<br />

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and its effects on milk production in Red Chittagong cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Samad
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Positive Results

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the most prevalent economically important zoonotic diseases and tuberculin test has been widely used to detect its prevalence worldwide. This study used a commercial immunochromatographic assay (ICGA) to detect the prevalence of bTB and to evaluate the differences in milk production between lactating cows with positive and negative results in Bangladesh. Thirty Red Chittagong (indigenous) cattle (RCC) were randomly selected from a herd of 87 RCC maintained at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh during the period from March to July 2008, of which 30% cattle showed positive reaction to bTB. Of the 30 tested cattle, 35.29% (6/17) lactating cows, 20.0% (1/5) non-lactating pregnant cows, 33.33% (1/3) weaned calves and 20.0% (1/5) unweaned calves showed positive reaction to bTB. The detection of bTB in two calves and their respective mother cows indicates the possible transmission of TB organism through their colostrums / milk. Of the 17 lactating cows, 6 cows had positive and 11 had negative results to bTB. Cows with positive results produced less milk ( mean 1.29 litre / day / cow ) in comparison to cows with negative test ( mean 1.57 litre / day/ cow ) results which appeared as 17.83% reduction of milk production. Further study on the mastitis with or without bTB and its effect on milk production require data of more herds for conclusion of these results. Key words: Red Chittagong cattle, bovine tuberculosis, immunochromatographic assay, milk production doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2332 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 175-178

scholarly journals Machine Learning as an aid to management decisions on high somatic cell counts in dairy farms

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Goyache ◽  
J. Díez ◽  
S. López ◽  
G. Pajares ◽  
B. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract. High somatic cell counts (SCC) is associated with mastitis infection, in dairy herds, worldwide. This work describes Machine Learning (ML) techniques designed to improve the information offered to farmers on animals producing high SCCs according to particular herd profiles. The analysed population included 71 dairy farms in Asturias (Northern Spain) and a total of 2,407 lactating cows. Four sources of information were available: a) a questionnaire survey describing facilities, milking routines and management practices of the farms studied; b) dairy recording information; c) classification of the cows suspected of being healthy or subclinical mastitic according to farmers’ expertise; and d) positive or negative scores with respect to the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The decimal logarithm of the SCC (linear score), lactation number, herd size, lactating cows per milker, milk urea concentration, number of clusters per milker and actual SCC are shown to be the most informative attributes for mimicking both farmers’ expertise or CMT performance in order to identify animals producing persistently high SCCs in dairy herds. However, to improve the identification of cows suspected of being non-healthy, the system uses other information related to management and milking routines. Decision rules to predict CMT performance can provide useful, additional information to farmers to improve the management of dairy herds included in milk recording programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dairy Farms’ Competitiveness

2003 ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
József Horváth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
The Eu

The volume of milk production in the European Union is limited by quotas, thus dairy farms in Hungary can expand their production mostly at the others’ expenses after joining. In this way issues of arrangements arise relating to defining competitiveness of the already existing farms and not to farming new ones. The aims of my research is to find answers for dairy farms in the County of Hajdu-Bihar, depending on their arrangement (herd size, keeping technology, arable for forage production, handling manure, mechanisation, technician state of equipment) what possibilities they will have among the EU farmers.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus clusters on small dairy farms in southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian K. Girardini ◽  
◽  
Daniel S. Paim ◽  
Thais C. Ausani ◽  
Graciela V. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Total Dna

ABSTRACT: In intensive dairy farming, persistent intramammary infection has been associated with specific Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains, and these strains may be resistant to antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of S. aureus isolates and to assess the distribution and the persistence of clonal groups in small dairy herds of southern Brazil. Milk samples were collected from all lactating cows from 21 dairy farms over a two-year period, totaling 1,060 samples. S. aureus isolates were tested for susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method. The total DNA of the isolates was subjected to SmaI digestion followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Banding patterns differing by ≤4 bands were considered members of a single PFGE cluster. The frequency of S. aureus isolation ranged from 3.45% to 70.59% among the 17 S. aureus-positive herds. Most S. aureus isolates (87.1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials; resistance to penicillin (18.2%) was the most frequently observed. The 122 isolates subjected to macrorestriction analysis were classified into 30 PFGE-clusters. Among them, only 10 clusters were intermittent or persistent over the two-year period. The majority (93.6%) of isolates belonging to persistent and intermittent clusters were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. S. aureus intramammary colonization in small dairy farms of southern Brazil is most frequently caused by sporadic PFGE clusters, although some persistent clusters can arise over time. Both sporadic and persistent isolates were highly susceptible to antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Issues of Feeding Strategy for Lactating Cows in Vietnamese Smallholder Dairy Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Nguyen N. Bang ◽  
Nguyen V. Chanh ◽  
Nguyen X. Trach ◽  
Duong N. Khang ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

A limited literature suggests relatively simple feeding regimes and diet formulation strategies for dairy cows in Vietnamese smallholder dairy farms (SDFs). This study aimed to classify and compare feeding regimes and nutrient balance for lactating cows between four typical dairy regions (south lowland, south highland, north lowland, and north highland) in Vietnam and evaluate the possibility of systematic dietary imbalance. Eight SDFs from each of the four regions were visited for two adjacent milking periods per farm. For each visit, frequency and methods of feed and water supply to the lactating cows were recorded, and individual fat corrected milk yield (ECM) of lactating cows were calculated from milk yield and fat concentration. The amount of each diet ingredient offered and refused by each lactating group was weighed and sampled for calculation of dry matter intake per cow (DMI) and analysis of nutrient composition in the component offered. PCDairy, a diet formulation computer model, was used to calculate actual and recommended dietary nutrient concentrations and predict potential milk production. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA were applied to determine grouping effects across as well as between regions. Feeding regimes and diets were grouped into three and nine clusters, respectively. Farmers in the same region tended to apply similar diets and feeding regimes. Across regions, only 47% of all SDFs supplied water ad libitum to the cows. The most used roughages including Napier grass, corn silage, fresh corn with cob, and rice straw were all relatively high in neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The diets in all regions were excessive in crude protein, NDF, ADF, ADL, and most minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) but insufficient in net energy and non-fibre carbohydrate. Feed efficiency (1.06 kg FCM/kg DMI) of the diets were sub-optimal. Feeding regimes and dietary nutrient balance of the south lowland SDFs were most problematic. Increasing dietary net energy concentration by increasing the use of starch and fat and decreasing dietary fibre concentration by decreasing the use of Napier grass or rice straw to balance the diets might help improve the milk production and thereby increase feed efficiency.

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