scholarly journals Análise geoquímica das águas subterrâneas no município de Boquira, no semiárido baiano - Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Gomes ◽  
Danilo Melo ◽  
Maíra da Costa ◽  
José Ângelo dos Anjos ◽  
Michael Trinta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Ionic Relations ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Health Organization

The geochemical analysis was carried out in the center-south portion of the state of Bahia, in the semi-arid region of Bahia, where outcrop the Paramirim Complex, Boquira Unit, Boquira Granite, Veredinha Granite, Serra do Espinhaço, detritus coverings and alluvial deposits. The Boquira Unit is known for lead-zinc mineralization. In this unit operated the Boquira mine, considered the largest lead and zinc mine in Brazil, until it was suddenly abandoned, leaving significant environmental liabilities of toxic metals such as lead, zinc, silver, barium, copper, chromium and nickel. To characterize the groundwater 16 physical-chemical parameters from 24 wells were used, obtained from the Water and Sanitation Engineering Company of Bahia - CERB. Its classification was made in the Piper Diagram and the ionic relations in meq/L. To evaluate the quality of the water we used the Consolidation Ordinance no 5/2017 of the Ministry of Health and World Health Organization. With the PHREEQC 3.5 hydrochemical model, the saturation index of the analyzed elements was calculated. The results showed predominance of calcium chloride waters (71% of the samples), with ionic relations of type rCa2+> rMg2+>rNa+ and rCl->rHCO3->rSO42+. Geochemical modeling indicated calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and quartz (SiO2) as the main minerals with a tendency to precipitation. The first two were associated with the dissolution of the Boquira Unit carbonates and the third one with the quartzites of the Serra do Espinhaço Formation. The concentrations of calcium and chloride showed 54% and 25% of the samples above the Maximum Allowable Value for human consumption, respectively, representing a risk factor to the health of the population in the area.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME SEAFOODS COLLECTED FROM MUARA ANGKE FISH AUCTION PLACE, JAKARTA.

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Horas Hutagalung ◽  
Suwirma Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Health Organization

Determination of  heavy  metal  content  (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn) in some seafoods collected from  Muara  Angke  Fish  Auction  Place  were carried out during February to July 1979. The results showed  that Zn  content  in seafoods a nalyzed  was always much higher than the other heavy metals. The concentration levels of  the  six  heavy  metals observed were low. It is almost of the same level as the metal concentration of  other  seafoods  observed  in various parts of the world oceans, but still lower  than the maximum standard set  for human  consumption  as  established  by   Tasmania, Australia and  World Health Organization. The  mean  per capita  consumption of  fish  in Jakarta is only  about 165 g  per week, while  the  Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake for Hg, set by WHO/FAO at 300 ug level, would be attained by consuming 1500 g Rastrelliger sp., or 698 gPenaeus setiferus, or 545 g Sepia sp., and or 1250 g Pecten sp.  Therefore,  at   present the  level of metal content in fishes sold at TPI  Muara  Angke  can be  considered  as  not  dangerous  to human health as long as these quantities are not surpassed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mycological Quality of Groundwater in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Glory Richard ◽  
Ebinyo Rebecca Aseibai
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Microbiological Procedures ◽  
Agricultural Organization

This study examined the mycological quality of groundwater in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Triplicate water samples were obtained from 8 locations in the metropolis, and the fungi quality analyzed following standard microbiological procedures. Results showed that total fungi density ranged from 5.2±1.00 x102 to 8.50±0.56 x103 CFU/ml. Analysis of variance indicates statistical variation (p=0.001) across locations with total fungi density exceeding the limit of 102 CFU/ml specified by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization for potable water in 62.50% of samples. Eight fungi isolates (species) were identified in the study with frequency across the locations as follows: Aspergillus flavus (20.59%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20.59%), Aspergillus niger (20.59%), Cladosporum (5.88%), Fusarium (2.94%), Mucor (8.82%), Penicilium (14.71%) and Rhizopus (5.88%). Of these, Aspergillus species were predominant across the locations. Since groundwater meets diverse purposes, it is essential that it is suitable for the desired use, and this can be done using appropriate technology to make groundwater potable for human consumption.

scholarly journals A Detailed Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan, and Suitability for Future Development

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Ali Jawadi ◽  
Jay Sagin ◽  
Daniel D. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Health Organization

Kabul is one of the most populated cities in Afghanistan and providing resources to support this population in an arid climate presents a serious environmental challenge. The current study evaluated the quality of local Kabul Basin groundwater to determine its suitability water for drinking and irrigation purposes now and into the future. This aim was aided through groundwater parameter assessment as well as determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) developed from 15 observation points near the city. The results of our physicochemical analysis illustrate that groundwater in the majority of areas of the Kabul Basin is not generally suitable for human consumption, and in some cases the concentrations of many contaminants are higher than accepted health standards or water quality benchmarks. The aquifer underlies an arid landscape, and because of this 85% of the samples tested are very hard while just over 13% are classified as hard. Groundwater in the Kabul Basin is typically high in calcium and magnesium and overall classified as a calcium bicarbonate water type. Overall, more than 60% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of total dissolved solids (TDS), 10% in total hardness (TH), about 30% in turbidity and more than 90% in magnesium. The results show that based on WQI, without treatment, roughly 5% of groundwater in the studied area is unsuitable for human consumption, while 13.3% is very poor and 40% is poor quality water. Approximately 40% of the assessed groundwater has good quality and could be used as drinking water for future development. Groundwater in some areas shows evidence of pollution and high dissolved solids content, rendering these sources unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Total mercury in the night shark, Carcharhinus signatus in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Gomes Ferreira ◽  
Vicente Vieira Faria ◽  
Carlos Euardo Veiga de Carvalho ◽  
Rosangela Paula Teixeira Lessa ◽  
Francisco Marcante Santana da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic Ocean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Health Organization

Mercury is the only element capable to biomagnificate along the food chain, and carnivorous fish tend to accumulate high concentrations of this element. Total mercury in muscle tissue of Carcharhinus signatus sampled along the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean was measured by atomic emission spectrophotometry with ICP/AES. The average total mercury concentrations were consistently greater than the maximum limit for human consumption established by the Brazilian Health Ministry for carnivorous fishes (1000 µg. kg-1 w.w.). Therefore, an average consumption of 0.1 kg/day of C. signatus would result in an average daily ingestion of 174.2 µg of Hg, more than five times the 30 µg/day intake established by the World Health Organization. In the range of lengths studied, body length could not be used as an indicator of the Hg contamination degree for C. signatus. Also, sex cannot be considered a determining factor in the total mercury accumulation in C. signatus.

scholarly journals Evaluating Strategies to Reduce Arsenic Poisoning in South Asia: A View from the Social Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
Matthew Krupoff ◽  
Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak ◽  
Alexander van Geen
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Technical Solutions

The World Health Organization has labeled the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in South Asia as “the largest mass poisoning in human history.” Various technical solutions to the problem fall into one of two broad categories: (i) cleaning contaminated water before human consumption and (ii) encouraging people to switch to less contaminated water sources. In this paper, we review research on the behavioral, social, political, and economic factors that determine the field-level effectiveness of the suite of technical solutions and the complexities that arise when scaling such solutions to reach large numbers of people. We highlight the conceptual links between arsenic-mitigation policy interventions and other development projects in Bangladesh and elsewhere, as analyzed by development economists, that can shed light on the key social and behavioral mechanisms at play. We conclude by identifying the most promising policy interventions to counter the arsenic crisis in Bangladesh. We support a national well-testing program combined with interventions that address the key market failures (affordability, coordination failures, and elite and political capture of public funds) that currently prevent more deep-well construction in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Ozancik hot spring, Canakkale, Turkey

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustem Pehlivan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
The World ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Town

This investigation was carried out to determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Ozancik hot spring. The study area is located about 15 km southwest of the town of Can, Canakkale. During the investigation, a geological map of the hot spring and its surroundings was prepared, and hot water and rock samples were collected from the study site. The Palaeogene-Neogene andesite, trachyandesite, andesitic tuff, silicified tuff, and tuffites form the basement rocks and they are overlain by the Quaternary alluvial deposits. The chemical analysis of hot water indicates that it is rich in SO42-(575 ppm), Cl-(193.2 ppm), HCO3-(98.5 ppm), Na+(315 ppm),  K+(7.248 ppm). Ca2+(103 ppm), Mg2+(0.274 ppm), and SiO2(43.20). The distribution of ions in the hot water on the Schoeller diagram has an arrangement of r(Na++K+)>rCa2+>rMg2+and r(SO42-)>rCl->r(HCO3-).  In addition, the inclusion of Fe2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Hg2+ in the hot water samples indicates potential natural inorganic contamination.  The water analysis carried out following the ICPMS-200 technique was evaluated according to the World Health Organization and Turkish Standards. The utilisation and the effects of the hot water on human health are also discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighbourhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simeon O. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Potentially harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy metals, and hydro chemicals are often released into the aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to assess the concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in water samples from two different points (Mid-stream and downstream), also determine the levelsof Lead, Zinc, Manganese and copper in four commercially important fish species, Pseudotolithus senegalensis (croaker fish) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga), Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia fish) and Bagrus bayad (silver catfish) from Makoko water body, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Histopathological profile of the fish species selected was also examined. The results were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limit.The concentrations of the heavy metals were analyzed using Perkin Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pseudotholithus senegalensishad 3.01±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 3.48±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1as the mean concentration of lead, zinc, manganese, and copper respectively, while E. fimbriatahad 1.06±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 4.14±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1,O. mossambicushad 2.09±0.02, 3.11±0.04, 2.48±0.02, 0.62±0.01 mg kg-1and B. bayadhad 1.53±0.12, 3.61±0.05, 2.44±0.03, 0.66±0.01 mg kg-1 as the mean concentration of these metals in the tissues of these fishes. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the gills compared to other organs. The mean concentration of each heavy metal were varied significantly (p0.05) depending on the species of fish. In the histological analysis of the tissues, there was vacuolation of hepatocytes, inflammation, and necrosis. In the muscle, there was a mild lesion, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degenerations. But the level of tissue and organ degeneration is more severe in the gills. The study showed that some levels of these metals were within the permissible recommended allowed limit for human consumption. It is concluded that Makoko Lagoon water body and fishes are heavily contaminated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Suitability of Ground Water in Southwest Kirkuk for Human Consumptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Abdulrazaq K. Abdulwahd
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Groundwater is one of the important sources of providing the human with water for drinking and other purposes. In Iraq, most of the agricultural land far from surface water sources, which forced these farmers to use groundwater wells as a source to cover the needs of the water and uses for different household. Furthermore, in some areas of Iraq, the available surface water that is suitable for human consumption is insufficient. Hence, the ground water is the viable solution to provide drinking water.The aim of this study is to show the extent validity of the ground water for various human uses.Twenty wells were chosen at different location in the southwest of Kirkuk city. Physical and chemical tests were carried for each water samples which include nitrite- nitrogen, phosphate, total hardness as CaCo3, total dissolved solids, chloride, PH, and turbidity. The results were evaluated and compared accordingly with World Health Organization (WHO) specifications. The results showed that the ground water in the study areas not suitable for drinking because of the contamination with Nitrite – nitrogen, phosphate and high contents of total hardness and TDS

scholarly journals Study on Aluminium Contamination in Mettur Soil and its Subsequent Uptake by Medicinal Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3129-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Palani ◽  
Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian ◽  
R. A. Kalaivani
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Health Organization

Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants for disease treatment has been limited due to widely prevailing toxicity of medicinal plants and their source soil. The major reason for the toxicity in plants might be due to their mineral and chemical content and also related with the toxic materials present in the source soil. The aim of this study was to assess the Aluminum contamination in Mettur, an industrial town of Tamil Nadu, India which has many Al industries. Total Al content in the soil of the region where medicinal plants were cultivated was found to be 16700 mg kg-1. Further, Al content in commonly used medicinal plants Centella asiatica, Bacopa monneri and Euphorbia hirta grown in Al polluted soil was studied. The Al concentration of the medicinal plants ranged from 449 to 801 mg kg-1. All the three plants were found to accumulate level of Al which is above the maximum permissible limits prescribed by World Health Organization and thus, it may cause Al toxicity among the consumers of herbal medicines. From the results of the present study, it is inferred that the medicinal plants used for the human consumption or disease management should be collected from clean environment and processed carefully.

Diagrams for evaluating groundwater quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
A. Fiorucci
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
World Health ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
California Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Changes Over Time

Some special diagrams for evaluating the chemical properties of groundwater intended for human consumption are introduced, in accordance with the Italian legislation assimilating EEC Directive 91/271 concerning the treatment of urban waste water and EEC Directive 91/676 related to the protection of waters against contamination by nitrates from agricultural sources. Although the limits imposed by the legislation reflect the Italian situation, they do however conform to directives concerning the whole European Community and offer a response to international guidelines promulgated by, for example, the World Health Organization so they are also suitable for use in national contexts other than Italy. Moreover, a diagram is introduced for monitoring the quality of water destined for agriculture, in particular for irrigation and the special issue of soil protection. In this case, in the absence of specific national and/or European laws and/or Directives, reference was made to the standards of the California Water Quality Control Board. The parameters and the relative limits have been taken from such standards, to identify three quality classes of water for agricultural use with evaluation of use. Plotting such diagrams is very simple: they can be used for improving presentation and interpretation of chemical data and, most of all, to provide comparisons between different water resources or to evaluate possible changes over time. Some examples, reported in the text, will aid understanding their use and interpretation.

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