An Upcoming Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Ethnopharmacological Potential of Plant Bioactive Molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (26) ◽  
pp. 4344-4371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Martins ◽  
Sandrina A. Heleno ◽  
Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Limited Effectiveness

Background:: Neurodegenerative disorders have achieved epidemic levels in the last decades; not only the elderly but also adult individuals have been increasingly affected. Among them, Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most prevalent and crippling diseases, associated with high rates of multi-morbidities and dependency. Despite the existence of a wide variety of drugs used as the symptomatic treatment, they have some side effects and toxicity, apart from their limited effectiveness. Botanical preparations have a secular use, being widely recommended for a multitude of purposes, such as for the improvement of brain health. Objective: The aim of the present report is to systematize the knowledge on plant-food derived bioactive molecules with promising in vitro enzymatic inhibitory activities. Results: Alkaloids, phenolic compounds and terpenes are the most studied phytochemicals, both derived from natural and commercial sources. In spite of their efficient activity as enzymatic inhibitors, the number of in vivo studies and even clinical trials have confirmed that their real bioactive potential remains scarce. Conclusions: Thus, it is of the utmost importance to deepen knowledge in this area, once those relevant and informative tools can significantly contribute to the promising advances in the field of Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

Electromagnetic field in Alzheimer’s disease: a literature review of recent preclinical and clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Habib Mohamad Ali Ahmad ◽  
Marc Fakhoury ◽  
Nada Lawand
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Brain

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons leading to cognitive and memory decay. The main signs of AD include the irregular extracellular accumulation of amyloidbeta (Aβ) protein in the brain and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein inside neurons. Changes in Aβ expression or aggregation are considered key factors in the pathophysiology of sporadic and early-onset AD and correlate with the cognitive decline seen in patients with AD. Despite decades of research, current approaches in the treatment of AD are only symptomatic in nature and are not effective in slowing or reversing the course of the disease. Encouragingly, recent evidence revealed that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) can delay the development of AD and improve memory. This review paper discusses findings from in vitro and in vivo studies that investigate the link between EMF and AD at the cellular and behavioural level, and highlights the potential benefits of EMF as an innovative approach for the treatment of AD.

Neuroprotective effects of bergenin in Alzheimer’s disease: Investigation through molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 18-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyal Barai ◽  
Nisith Raval ◽  
Sanjeev Acharya ◽  
Ankit Borisa ◽  
Hardik Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

scholarly journals Olive-Oil-Derived Oleocanthal Enhances β-Amyloid Clearance as a Potential Neuroprotective Mechanism against Alzheimer’s Disease: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa H. Abuznait ◽  
Hisham Qosa ◽  
Belnaser A. Busnena ◽  
Khalid A. El Sayed ◽  
Amal Kaddoumi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Β Amyloid

scholarly journals Sortilin-Related Receptor Expression in Human Neural Stem Cells Derived from Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Carrying the APOE Epsilon 4 Allele

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alen Zollo ◽  
Zoe Allen ◽  
Helle F. Rasmussen ◽  
Filomena Iannuzzi ◽  
Yichen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Apoe4 Allele

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly; important risk factors are old age and inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele. Changes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) binding, trafficking, and sorting may be important AD causative factors. Secretase-mediated APP cleavage produces neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, which form lethal deposits in the brain. In vivo and in vitro studies have implicated sortilin-related receptor (SORL1) as an important factor in APP trafficking and processing. Recent in vitro evidence has associated the APOE4 allele and alterations in the SORL1 pathway with AD development and progression. Here, we analyzed SORL1 expression in neural stem cells (NSCs) from AD patients carrying null, one, or two copies of the APOE4 allele. We show reduced SORL1 expression only in NSCs of a patient carrying two copies of APOE4 allele with increased Aβ/SORL1 localization along the degenerated neurites. Interestingly, SORL1 binding to APP was largely compromised; this could be almost completely reversed by γ-secretase (but not β-secretase) inhibitor treatment. These findings may yield new insights into the complex interplay of SORL1 and AD pathology and point to NSCs as a valuable tool to address unsolved AD-related questions in vitro.

scholarly journals Boswellic Acids as Promising Leads in Drug Development against Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Hossein Haghaei ◽  
Somaieh Soltani ◽  
Seyedrafie Aref Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rashidi ◽  
Saeed Karima
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Boswellic Acids ◽  
Disease Modifying Agents

Biological activity of Boswellia extract (BE) has been attributed to its main active ingredients; i.e. Boswellic acids (BAs). BE/BAs possess a promising therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders; including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The multifactorial nature of AD pathophysiology necessitates the development of the disease-modifying agents (DMA). Recent multi-targeting approaches for the DMAs development have brought more attention to the plant-derived compounds regarding their better human compatibility because of their biologic origin. This review addresses the current knowledge on the anti-AD activity of BE/BAs based on the available in silico, in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. The contribution of BE/BAs in inflammatory pathways, Tau and β-amyloid proteins, microtubule functions, oxidative stress, cholinesterase and diabetes/insulin pathways involved in AD have been discussed. BAs efficacy in different AD-related pathways has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo. They can be considered as valuable scaffold/lead compounds for multi-targeted DMAs in anti-AD drug discovery and development.

scholarly journals Transthyretin Stabilization: An Emerging Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8672
Author(s):  
Federica Saponaro ◽  
Jin Hae Kim ◽  
Grazia Chiellini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Series

Transthyretin (TTR), previously named prealbumin is a plasma protein secreted mainly by the liver and choroid plexus (CP) that is a carrier for thyroid hormones (THs) and retinol (vitamin A). The structure of TTR, with four monomers rich in β-chains in a globular tetrameric protein, accounts for the predisposition of the protein to aggregate in fibrils, leading to a rare and severe disease, namely transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Much effort has been made and still is required to find new therapeutic compounds that can stabilize TTR (“kinetic stabilization”) and prevent the amyloid genetic process. Moreover, TTR is an interesting therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases due to its recognized neuroprotective properties in the cognitive impairment context and interestingly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Much evidence has been collected regarding the neuroprotective effects in AD, including through in vitro and in vivo studies as well as a wide range of clinical series. Despite this supported hypothesis of neuroprotection for TTR, the mechanisms are still not completely clear. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant findings on the neuroprotective role of TTR, and to summarize the recent progress on the development of TTR tetramer stabilizers.

Breaker peptides against amyloid-β aggregation: a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 1767-1794
Author(s):  
Nibedita Ghosh ◽  
Lal Mohan Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Unnatural Amino Acid ◽  
General Idea ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which blocking the early steps of extracellular misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach. However, the pathological features of AD progression include the accumulation of intracellular tau protein, membrane-catalyzed cell death and the abnormal deposition of Aβ. Here, we focus on anti-amyloid breaker peptides derived from the Aβ sequence and non-Aβ-based peptides containing both natural and modified amino acids. Critical aspects of the breaker peptides include N-methylation, conformational restriction through cyclization, incorporation of unnatural amino acid, fluorinated molecules, polymeric nanoparticles and PEGylation. This review confers a general idea of such breaker peptides with in vitro and in vivo studies, which may advance our understanding of AD pathology and develop an effective treatment strategy against AD.

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