Cubosome: A Potential Liquid Crystalline Carrier System

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 3300-3316
Author(s):  
Pragya Sharma ◽  
Surbhi Dhawan ◽  
Sanju Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid ◽  
Routes Of Drug Administration

: Cubosome is a biocompatible, thermodynamically stable and bioadhesive drug carrier that is prepared from certain amphiphilic lipids and surfactants when mixed in a definite ratio. Structurally, they are selfassembled nano-constructed liquid crystalline particles comprising three-dimensionally arranged bicontinuous as well as nonintersecting lipid bilayers that give them a honeycomb-like appearance. Morphological characterization through SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) and cryo-TEM (cryo-transmission electron microscopy) revealed that they are square and round shaped particles in the nanometer range. These carriers have two separate aqueous regions and a large interfacial area that allow them to carry a variety of bioactive molecules having hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic behavior. : One of either two strategies i.e., top-down or bottom-up methods can be adopted to prepare these cubic structures. A number of dispersion techniques like sonication, spray drying, high-pressure homogenization or spontaneous emulsification can be adopted to prepare cubosomes. Their characteristics and benefits like multicompartmental structure, high drug loading, simple and convenient method of preparation, use of biodegradable lipids such as glycerol monooleate, encapsulation of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic moieties, targeted and controlled release make them versatile bioactive carriers that can be administered through multiple biological routes like topical, transdermal, parenteral, and oral. Cubosomes have appreciable applications in various fields especially in the pharmaceutical industry where they are used as potential bioactive carriers. Molecules like paclitaxel, oligonucleotide, δ-amino-levulinic acid, bovine serum albumin, etc. can be easily delivered through this system. : This article provides a detailed note on the structure of cubosomes, ingredients and techniques used for their preparation, mechanism of drug release, applications and routes of drug administration, their formulations, patent review and market scenario.

scholarly journals Cubosomes: A Novel Carrier for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avantika Dhadwal ◽  
Dev Raj Sharma ◽  
Vinay Pandit ◽  
Mahendra Singh Ashawat ◽  
Pravin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Assembled

Cubosomes are square and rounded particles with internal cubic lattice. Cubosomes are thermodynamically stable and consist of honeycombed (cavernous) structures separating two internal aqueous channels and a large interfacial area. Cubosomes are nanoparticles which are self assembled liquid crystalline particles of certain surfactants with proper ratio of water with microstructure that provides unique properties of practical interest. Bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase is optically clear and very viscous material has the unique structure at nanometer scale. The word bicontinuous refers to the division of the two continuous but non-intersecting aqueous regions by lipid bilayer that is twisted into space filling structure. Hydrating a surfactant or polar lipid that forms cubic phase and then dispersing a solid like phase into smaller particles usually forms a cubosomes. Self-assembled cubosomes as active drug delivery systems are receiving more and more attention and interest after the first discovery and nomination. They exhibit different internal cubic structure and composition with different drug-loading modalities. It has high internal surface area and cubic crystalline structures, relatively simple preparation method, biodegradability of lipids, the ability of encapsulating hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic substances, targeting and controlled release of bioactive agents. Cubosomes are having wide range of applications in various fields and they can be characterized by various evaluation parameters. So, Cubosomes are gaining more attention in pharmaceutical field. Keywords: Cubosomes, Liquid crystal, drug-loading, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, amphiphilic.

Chitosan-based Polymer Matrix for Pharmaceutical Excipients and Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2502-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Iqbal Hassan Khan ◽  
Xingye An ◽  
Lei Dai ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Avik Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Weight Variation

The development of innovative drug delivery systems, versatile to different drug characteristics with better effectiveness and safety, has always been in high demand. Chitosan, an aminopolysaccharide, derived from natural chitin biomass, has received much attention as one of the emerging pharmaceutical excipients and drug delivery entities. Chitosan and its derivatives can be used for direct compression tablets, as disintegrant for controlled release or for improving dissolution. Chitosan has been reported for use in drug delivery system to produce drugs with enhanced muco-adhesiveness, permeation, absorption and bioavailability. Due to filmogenic and ionic properties of chitosan and its derivative(s), drug release mechanism using microsphere technology in hydrogel formulation is particularly relevant to pharmaceutical product development. This review highlights the suitability and future of chitosan in drug delivery with special attention to drug loading and release from chitosan based hydrogels. Extensive studies on the favorable non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, solubility and molecular weight variation have made this polymer an attractive candidate for developing novel drug delivery systems including various advanced therapeutic applications such as gene delivery, DNA based drugs, organ specific drug carrier, cancer drug carrier, etc.

An Update on Recent Advances in Cubosome: A Novel Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Garg ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Sapna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Drug

: Cubosomes are highly stable nanostructured liquid crystalline dosage delivery form derived from amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers converting it in a form of effective biocompatible carrier for the drug delivery. The delivery form comprised of bicontinuous lipid bilayers arranged in three dimensional honeycombs like structure provided with two internal aqueous channels for incorporation of number of biologically active ingredients. In contrast liposomes they provide large surface area for incorporation of different types of ingredients. Due to the distinct advantages of biocompatibility and thermodynamic stability, cubosomes have remained the first preference as method of choice in the sustained release, controlled release and targeted release dosage forms as new drug delivery system for the better release of the drugs. As lot of advancement in the new form of dosage form has bring the novel avenues in drug delivery mechanisms so it was matter of worth to compile the latest updates on the various aspects of mentioned therapeutic delivery system including its structure, routes of applications along with the potential applications to encapsulate variety drugs to serve health related benefits.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for drug delivery: Role of Liquid lipid (oil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisha D’Souza ◽  
Ranjita Shegokar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Optimal Drug

: In recent years, SLNs and NLCs are among the popular drug delivery systems studied for delivery of lipophilic drugs. Both systems have demonstrated several beneficial properties as an ideal drug-carrier, optimal drug-loading and good long-term stability. NLCs are getting popular due to their stability advantages and possibility to load various oil components either as an active or as a matrix. This review screens types of oils used till date in combination with solid lipid to form NLCs. These oils are broadly classified in two categories: Natural oils and Essential oils. NLCs offer range advantages in drug delivery due to the formation of imperfect matrix owing to the presence of oil. The type and percentage of oil used determines optimal drug loading and stability. Literature shows that variety of oils is used in NLCs mainly as matrix, which is from natural origin, triglycerides class. On the other hand, essential oils not only serve as a matrix but as an active. In short, oil is the key ingredient in formation of NLCs, hence needs to be selected wisely as per the performance criteria expected.

Stereocomplexation Assisted Assembly of Poly(γ-glutamic Acid)-graft-polylactide Nano-micelles and Their Efficacy as Anticancer Drug Carrier

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
Shulin Dai ◽  
Yucheng Feng ◽  
Shuyi Li ◽  
Yuxiao Chen ◽  
Meiqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Physical Interactions

Background: Micelles as drug carriers are characterized by their inherent instability due to the weak physical interactions that facilitate the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. As one of the strong physical interactions, the stereocomplexation between the equal molar of enantiomeric polylactides, i.e., the poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), may be harnessed to obtain micelles with enhanced stability and drug loading capacity and consequent sustained release. </P><P> Aims/Methods: In this paper, stereocomplexed micelles gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles) were fabricated from the stereocomplexation between poly(gama-glutamic acid)-graft-PLLA gama-PGA-g-PLA) and poly(gamaglutamic acid)-graft-PDLA gama-PGA-g-PLA). These stereocomplexed micelles exhibited a lower CMC than the corresponding enantiomeric micelles. Result: Furthermore, they showed higher drug loading content and drug loading efficiency in addition to more sustained drug release profile in vitro. In vivo imaging confirmed that the DiR-encapsulated stereocomplexed gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles can deliver anti-cancer drug to tumors with enhanced tissue penetration. Overall, gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles exhibited greater anti-cancer effects as compared with the free drug and the stereocomplexation may be a promising strategy for fabrication of anti-cancer drug carriers with significantly enhanced efficacy.

Simultaneous Incorporation of 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin into Chitosan Nanoparticle as Drug Carrier and Its Characterization

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2265-2268
Author(s):  
Pu Wang Li ◽  
Yi Chao Wang ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Ling Xue Kong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Combined Drugs ◽  
Drug Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Interaction Between Drugs

A combined drug loaded system containing two most common anti-cancer drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) was designed and prepared by ion crosslinking technology. The resulted nanoparticles are spherical in shape, and the particle size becomes larger when drug combination are loaded. Efficient drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (LC) are obtained due to the strong interaction between drugs and polymer. The combined drugs are distributed in the particles in amorpholous state which are demonstrated by the XRD results.

scholarly journals Diatoms Green Nanotechnology for Biosilica-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Terracciano ◽  
Luca De Stefano ◽  
Ilaria Rea
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Diatom Frustule ◽  
Artificial Environment

Diatom microalgae are the most outstanding natural source of porous silica. The diatom cell is enclosed in a three-dimensional (3-D) ordered nanopatterned silica cell wall, called frustule. The unique properties of the diatom frustule, including high specific surface area, thermal stability, biocompatibility, and tailorable surface chemistry, make diatoms really promising for biomedical applications. Moreover, they are easy to cultivate in an artificial environment and there is a large availability of diatom frustules as fossil material (diatomite) in several areas of the world. For all these reasons, diatoms are an intriguing alternative to synthetic materials for the development of low-cost drug delivery systems. This review article focuses on the possible use of diatom-derived silica as drug carrier systems. The functionalization strategies of diatom micro/nanoparticles for improving their biophysical properties, such as cellular internalization and drug loading/release kinetics, are described. In addition, the realization of hybrid diatom-based devices with advanced properties for theranostics and targeted or augmented drug delivery applications is also discussed.

scholarly journals Loading and Release of Anti -Cancer Drugs Using Simultaneous pH and Temperature Responsive Nanohybrid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Maleki ◽  
Mohammad Dahri ◽  
Hossein Akbarialiabad
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Gyration Radius ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Trimethyl Chitosan ◽  
Dual Responsive ◽  
Adsorption And Release

Abstract BackgroundTodays, drug nanocarrier development and improving its biophysical properties is one of the updated and intended of nano-biopharmaceutical science researches. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), as a typical carbon structure based nanocarrier, but have some obstacles in drug delivery mechanisms. In that current study, the penetration, loading, and release of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel, as two anticancer agents, were investigated using a novel modified and functionalized SWCNT.ResultsThis study was carried out using molecular dynamics simulation based on a dual-responsive smart biomaterial. At the in-silico study, Interaction energies between drugs and carriers, numbers of hydrogen bonds, diffusion coefficient, and gyration radius were investigated. The kinetic analysis of drug adsorption and release revealed that, fascinatingly, drug loading and drug release are selective at physiological and cancerous acidic pH, respectively. Interaction of Dimethyl acryl amid-trimethyl chitosan, as a biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel, with SWCNT indicated that degradation reaction in acidic condition destructs the polymer, which leads to a smart release in cancerous tissue at specific pH. Moreover, it resolves hydrophilicity, optimum nanoparticle size, cell membrane penetration, and cell toxicity concerns.ConclusionsThe simulation results indicated a marvelous role of dimethyl acryl amide-trimethyl chitosan in the adsorption and release of anticancer drugs in normal and neoplastic tissue. The interaction of trimethyl chitosan also improves biocompatibility as well as biodegradability of the carrier. Overall, that novel drug carrier can be a virtuous nanoparticle for loading, transporting, and releasing the anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles: “Stealth Transport Aircrafts” for Drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunying Liu ◽  
Xuejing Lin ◽  
Changqing Su
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The Stability

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can deliver many types of drugs with their natural source material transport properties, inherent long-term blood circulation capabilities and excellent biocompatibility, and have great potential in the field of drug carrier. Modification of the content and surface of EVs according to the purpose of treatment has become a research focus to improve the drug load and the targeting of EVs. EVs can maximize the stability of the drugs, prevent immune clearance and achieve accurate delivery. Therefore, EVs can be described as \" stealth transport aircrafts \" for drugs. This chapter will respectively introduce the application of natural EVs as cell substitutes in cell therapy and engineered EVs as carriers of nucleic acids, proteins, small molecule drugs and therapeutic viral particles in disease treatment. It will also explain the drug loading and modification strategies of EVs, the source and characteristics of EVs. In addition, the commercialization progress of EVs drugs will be mentioned here, and the problems in their applications will be discussed in conjunction with the application of EVs in the treatment of COVID-19.

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