Biopolymeric, Nanopatterned, Fibrous Carriers for Wound Healing Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 4894-4908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameya Sharma ◽  
Vivek Puri ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Inderbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Skin Integrity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Effective Health Care

Background: Any sort of wound injury leads to skin integrity and further leads to wound formation. Millions of deaths are reported every year, which contributes to an economical hamper world widely, this accounts for 10% of death rate that insight into various diseases. Current Methodology: Rapid wound healing plays an important role in effective health care. Wound healing is a multi-factorial physiological process, which helps in the growth of new tissue to render the body with the imperative barrier from the external environment. The complexity of this phenomenon makes it prone to several abnormalities. Wound healing, as a normal biological inherent process occurs in the body, which is reaped through four highly defined programmed phases, such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling and these phases occur in the proper progression. An overview, types, and classification of wounds along with the stages of wound healing and various factors affecting wound healing have been discussed systematically. Various biopolymers are reported for developing nanofibers and microfibers in wound healing, which can be used as a therapeutic drug delivery for wound healing applications. Biopolymers are relevant for biomedical purposes owing to biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non- toxicity. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins and various gums are used for wound healing applications. Patents and future perspectives have been given in the concluding part of the manuscript. Overall, applications of biopolymers in the development of fibers and their applications in wound healing are gaining interest in researchers to develop modified biopolymers and tunable delivery systems for effective management and care of different types of wounds.

scholarly journals THE CULTIVATION OF TRICHOMONAS OF THE HUMAN MOUTH (TETRATRICHOMONAS HOMINIS)

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuzo Ohira ◽  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Trichomonades from the mouth were studied by Steinberg who proposed to group them into three distinct types; namely, Trichomonas elongata, Trichomonas caudata, and Trichomonas flagellata. Doflein (3) regards them as probably identical with Trichomonas hominis. Opinions differ as to whether or not Trichomonas vaginalis Donné and Trichomonas hominis Grassi are the same species. Lynch, for instance, believes that they are the same species, while von Prowazek (4), Bensen (5), and others (6, 7) insist that they are different types. Bensen's view seems to be well supported by the difference alleged to be found between the mode of encystment in the two trichomonades, were it not for the fact that our knowledge about the so called cyst of trichomonades is still obscure. According to Alexeieff (8) many of the so called cysts were evidently blastomyces contained in the cell body of the trichomonas. An autogamy alleged to take place in cysts as described by Bohne and von Prowazek (9) has not been confirmed by Dobell (10). And Wenyon (11) contends that it has never been found possible to produce any development of these cysts outside the body on the warm stage as can be done with the cysts of Entamœba coli. Therefore, it is still premature to take the process of encystment into consideration as far as the classification of trichomonas is concerned. On the other hand, Rodenwaldt (12) seems to think that there are many species of trichomonas in the human intestines, and Wenyon has described a new trichomonas from the human intestines (Macrostoma mesnili Wenyon). Further cultural studies in the morphology and biology of these organisms must be carried out in order to solve these problems. In the light of modern investigations there are five subgenera to be included under the genus Trichomonas Donné. They are as follows: (1) Protrichomonas Alexeieff, with three anterior flagella, without an undulating membrane. (2) Trichomastix Biitschli) with three anterior flagella and a trailing flagellum (Schleppgeissel) without an undulating membrane. (3) Trichomonas Donné, with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. (4) Macrostoma Alexeieff, Amend, Wenyon (11), with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane wedged in a deep groove (peristome). (5) Tetratrichomonas Parisi (13), with four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. As far as our culture trichomonas from the human mouth is concerned, it has been shown that it is not strictly a trichomonas and that it should be classed under the subgenus Tetratrichomonas.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Insight on Pharmacokinetics

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Urooj Naseem ◽  
Fatima Iqbal ◽  
Gul Shahnaz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Acid Dissociation Constant ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Pharmacokinetics can be defined as what the body does to a drug. The basic parameters of pharmacokinetics are discussed here including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Characteristics and pathways taken by these drugs are determined by these parameters. The mechanism followed by these parameters are also discussed. Furthermore, the factors affecting these parameters including physicochemical factors, physical factors and pharmaceutical factors are also explored. Different routes of drug absorption and main barriers to drug distribution are also explained. The pharmacokinetic values namely acid dissociation constant, bioavailability and solubility are briefly explained. There is a detailed insight into the pathways of metabolism (Phase I and II reactions) and excretion.

scholarly journals Impact of Comorbidity on Severity of Covid-19 Patients: A Network of Target Coding Genes Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relation Classification ◽  
Neuronal Systems ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Millions of people have been forfeiting their lives due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of them are patients suffering from comorbid complications. However, what makes these patients susceptible to mortality is unknown. For this, we employed a novel network-based approach to Covid-19 associated human target coding genes (TC-genes) overlapping with high relevant diseases to reveal the disease-disease relation. Classification of TC-genes in our study suggests that most of them participate in signal transduction, immune and neuronal systems. The network-based approach provides an insight into the mechanism involving the cascade of the TC-genes action that may drastically increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in ROS triggers high oxidative stress and inflammation in the body through the cytokines storm. The cytokines storm set the burden on the comorbid patient by weakening the system that may lead to mortality. Our work highlights the TC-genes that may link Covid-19 to certain diseases. Collectively, the study indicates that selective TC-genes can carry out an overlapping role in seemingly distinct mechanisms. Besides, many mechanisms could independently affect selective targets. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the common processes present in severe Covid-19 patients. The approach demonstrates the potential to elucidate disease-disease relationship that can be applied to other diseases.

A Systematic Review on Classification, Identification, and Healing Process of Burn Wound Healing

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462092485
Author(s):  
Morteza Abazari ◽  
Azadeh Ghaffari ◽  
Hamid Rashidzadeh ◽  
Safa Momeni Badeleh ◽  
Yaser Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Burn Wound Healing ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity

Because of the intrinsic complexity, the classification of wounds is important for the diagnosis, management, and choosing the correct treatment based on wound type. Generally, burn injuries are classified as a class of wounds in which injury is caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. On the other hand, wound healing is a complex process, and understanding the biological trend of this process and differences in the healing process of different wounds could reduce the possible risk in many cases and greatly reduce the future damage to the injured tissue and other organs. The aim of this review is to provide a general perspective for the burn wound location among the other types of injuries and summarizing as well as highlighting the differences of these types of wounds with emphasizing on factors affecting thereof.

scholarly journals The Most Common Functional Disorders and Factors Affecting Female Pelvic Floor

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1397
Author(s):  
Sabina Tim ◽  
Agnieszka I. Mazur-Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Female Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Support ◽  
Proper Functions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Postural Muscles

The pelvic floor (PF) is made of muscles, ligaments, and fascia, which ensure organ statics, maintain muscle tone, and are involved in contractions. This review describes the myofascial relationships of PF with other parts of the body that determine the proper functions of PF, and also provides insight into PF disorders and the factors contributing to them. PF plays an important role in continence, pelvic support, micturition, defecation, sexual function, childbirth, and locomotion, as well as in stabilizing body posture and breathing, and cooperates with the diaphragm and postural muscles. In addition, PF associates with distant parts of the body, such as the feet and neck, through myofascial connections. Due to tissue continuity, functional disorders of muscles, ligaments, and fascia, even in the areas that are distant from PF, will lead to PF disorders, including urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, prolapse, sexual dysfunction, and pain. Dysfunctions of PF will also affect the rest of the body.

scholarly journals Competing iconicities in the structure of languages

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Meir ◽  
Carol Padden ◽  
Mark Aronoff ◽  
Wendy Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Physical Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe paper examines the role that iconicity plays in the structuring of grammars. Two main points are argued for: (a) Grammar does not necessarily suppress iconicity; rather, iconicity and grammar can enjoy a congenial relation in that iconicity can play an active role in the structuring of grammars. (b) Iconicity is not monolithic. There are different types of iconicity and languages take advantage of the possibilities afforded by them. We examine the interaction between iconicity and grammar by focusing on the ways in which sign languages employ the physical body of the signer as a rich iconic resource for encoding a variety of grammatical notions. We show that the body can play three different roles in iconic forms in sign languages: it can be used as a naming device where body parts represent body parts; it can represent the subject argument of verbal signs, and it can stand for first person. These strategies interact and sometimes compete in the languages under study. Each language resolves these competitions differently, which results in different grammars and grammatical structures. The investigation of the ways in which grammar and iconicity interact in these languages provides insight into the nature of both systems.

scholarly journals Factors affecting rigidity and durability of chairs

2008 ◽  
pp. 259-275
Author(s):  
Igor Dzincic ◽  
Dusan Skakic ◽  
Biserka Nestorovic
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Surface Machining ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Machining Quality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quality Type ◽  
Strength And Durability

Strength and durability of different types of chairs is mostly function of rigidity and type of joints. Classification of chairs was completed upon their critical points. Based on this divide, chairs were classified into six categories. Based on previous research, strength of joints have been influenced by gluing surface, machining quality, type of fit, species and humidity of wood material, glue quality and gluing parameters. Research have been carried out on two groups of chairs, and two groups of joints. Machining quality, type of fit and gluing surface, have been varied during experiment.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ramsdell-Hudock ◽  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Lindsey E. Foss ◽  
Candice Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

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