Nanotherapeutics and nanotheragnostics for cancers: properties, pharmacokinetics, biopharmaceutics, and biosafety

: With the worldwide increasing rate of chronic diseases, such as cancer, the development of novel techniques to improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents is highly demanded. Nanoparticles are especially well suited to encapsulate drugs and other therapeutic agents, bringing additional advantages, such as less frequent dosage requirements, reduced side effects due to specific targeting, and therefore increased patient compliance. However, with the increasing use of nanoparticles and their recent launch on the pharmaceutical market it is important to achieve high quality control of these advanced systems. In this review, we discuss the properties of different nanoparticles, the pharmacokinetics, the biosafety issues of concern, and conclude with novel nanotherapeutics and nanotheragnostics for cancer drug delivery.

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Improving anti-cancer drug delivery performance of magnetic mesoporous silica nanocarriers for more efficient colorectal cancer therapy

Journal of Nanobiotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12951-021-01056-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Iranpour ◽

Ahmad Reza Bahrami ◽

Sirous Nekooei ◽

Amir Sh. Saljooghi ◽

Maryam M. Matin

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Delivery Performance ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cancer Drug Delivery ◽

Magnetic Mesoporous Silica ◽

Ht 29

Abstract Background Improving anti-cancer drug delivery performance can be achieved through designing smart and targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs). For this aim, it is important to evaluate overexpressed biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for optimizing DDSs. Materials and methods Herein, we designed a novel DDS based on magnetic mesoporous silica core–shell nanoparticles (SPION@MSNs) in which release of doxorubicin (DOX) at the physiologic pH was blocked with gold gatekeepers. In this platform, we conjugated heterofunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto the outer surface of nanocarriers to increase their biocompatibility. At the final stage, an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer as an active targeting moiety was covalently attached (Apt-PEG-Au@NPs-DOX) for selective drug delivery to colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The physicochemical properties of non-targeted and targeted nanocarriers were fully characterized. The anti-cancer activity, cellular internalization, and then the cell death mechanism of prepared nanocarriers were determined and compared in vitro. Finally, tumor inhibitory effects, biodistribution and possible side effects of the nanocarriers were evaluated in immunocompromised C57BL/6 mice bearing human HT-29 tumors. Results Nanocarriers were successfully synthesized with a mean final size diameter of 58.22 ± 8.54 nm. Higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of targeted nanocarriers were shown in the EpCAM-positive HT-29 cells as compared to the EpCAM-negative CHO cells, indicating the efficacy of aptamer as a targeting agent. In vivo results in a humanized mouse model showed that targeted nanocarriers could effectively increase DOX accumulation in the tumor site, inhibit tumor growth, and reduce the adverse side effects. Conclusion These results suggest that corporation of a magnetic core, gold gatekeeper, PEG and aptamer can strongly improve drug delivery performance and provide a theranostic DDS for efficient CRC therapy. Graphic abstract

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Nanocarrier-based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapeutics: A Review of the Last Decade

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867327666201005111722 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Sohail ◽

Wenna Guo ◽

Zhiyong Li ◽

Hui Xu ◽

Feng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Research Progress ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Conventional Chemotherapy ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cancer Drug Delivery

: In recent years, due to the shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy, such as poor bioavailability, low treatment index and unclear side effects, the focus of cancer research has shifted to new nanocarriers of chemotherapeutic drugs. By using biodegradable materials, nanocarriers generally have the advantages of good biocompatibility, low side effects, targeting, controlled release profile, and improved efficacy. And more to the point, nanocarrier based anti-cancer drug delivery systems clearly show the potential to overcome the problems associated with conventional chemotherapy. In order to promote the deepening of research and development in this field, we herein summarized and analyzed various nanocarrier based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy, including the concepts, types, characteristics and preparation methods. The active and passive targeting mechanisms of cancer therapy were also included, along with a brief introduction of the research progress of nanocarriers used for anti-cancer drug delivery in the past decade.

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Nanotechnology in Cancer Drug Delivery and Selective Targeting

ISRN Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2014/939378 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Kumar Bishwajit Sutradhar ◽

Md. Lutful Amin

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Direct Access ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Selective Targeting ◽

Traditional Drug ◽

Cancer Drug Delivery ◽

Cancerous Cells

Nanoparticles are rapidly being developed and trialed to overcome several limitations of traditional drug delivery systems and are coming up as a distinct therapeutics for cancer treatment. Conventional chemotherapeutics possess some serious side effects including damage of the immune system and other organs with rapidly proliferating cells due to nonspecific targeting, lack of solubility, and inability to enter the core of the tumors resulting in impaired treatment with reduced dose and with low survival rate. Nanotechnology has provided the opportunity to get direct access of the cancerous cells selectively with increased drug localization and cellular uptake. Nanoparticles can be programmed for recognizing the cancerous cells and giving selective and accurate drug delivery avoiding interaction with the healthy cells. This review focuses on cell recognizing ability of nanoparticles by various strategies having unique identifying properties that distinguish them from previous anticancer therapies. It also discusses specific drug delivery by nanoparticles inside the cells illustrating many successful researches and how nanoparticles remove the side effects of conventional therapies with tailored cancer treatment.

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Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Drug Delivery and Targeting

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129001014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 01014

Author(s):

Yuyan Wang

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Polymeric Micelles ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Tumor Microenvironments ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

The Past ◽

Discharge Profile ◽

Cancer Drug Delivery

Over the past years, the emergence of various therapeutic approaches has attracted so much consideration, but chemotherapy remains the most effective way in experimental practice. However, due to obstacles and difficulties, there is a limitation for the additional clinical presentation of the outdated chemical treatments such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Some of the barriers are severe side effects, profound cytotoxicity, and low therapeutic efficacy. Drug delivery systems (DDS) such as polymeric micelles have been technologically advanced over the recent decades to advance the treatment efficacy and lessen the side effects incurred. The polymeric micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic polymers serve to sum up hydrophobic treatments in the core and regulate the discharge profile of the drugs through response towards stimuli of the tumor microenvironments, which in this case are pH, temperature, light, and reduction.

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Applications liposome in cancer drug delivery and treatment: A review

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development ◽

10.22270/ajprd.v7i1.470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 62-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dr.Nandish Pathak ◽

Dr. Pratim Pathak

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽

Malignant Cell ◽

The Body ◽

Phospholipid Bilayer ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Cancer Drug Delivery

In the world the biggest challenges to cure the cancer because of the abnormal cancer cells growth in the human body which is near to uncontrollable. These cells known as the malignant cell because it produced the cancer. There are several treatments for cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation treatment etc. however such treatments have major side effects like normal cell got killed, loss of hair, the surgery person skill also in consideration and high chances of reoccurrences. Due to such side effects these treatment drugs are less popular. To reduces such side effects the liposomal based treatments are the most preferable solution. The liposomes are the phospholipid bilayer vesicles and it has high encapsulation capacity. Therefore, liposomal based treatment plays significant role in the cancer treatment with less toxicity and other many advantages. The liposomal based drug pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and daunorubicin have advanced effect in the body. Furthermore, the development of the liposomes as immunoliposomes, ligand targeted and molecular targeting. This review explores the liposomal based drug delivery system, its advance effect on the cancer cells and clinically approve liposomes formulations.

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