Therapeutic Properties of PDMS Nanoparticles: A Promising New Drug Delivery Vehicle Against Inflammatory Conditions

Background: Over the last few decades, there has been a stupendous change in the area of drug delivery using particulate delivery systems, with increasing focus on nanoparticles in recent times. Nanoparticles helps to improve and alter the pharmacodynamic properties and pharmacokinetics of various types of drug molecules. These features help to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, access of the drug to the chosen sites, and to deliver the drug in a controlled and sustained rate at the site of action. Objective: Nanoparticle based targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs/signal modulatory agents to the cytoplasm or nuclei of the targeted cell can significantly enhance the precision and efficacy of intended therapeutic activity. To this end, we report ligand free, enhanced intra-nuclear delivery model of anti-inflammatory therapeutics via PDMS nanoparticles. Method: PDMS nanoparticles were prepared by sacrificial silica template-based approach and details of their characterization for suitability as a nanoparticle-based delivery material is detailed herein. Results: Biological evaluation for compatibility was carried out and the results showed that the PDMS nanoparticle has no toxicity on RAW 264.7 cells in the concentration range of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 μg/mL in culture. Biocompatibility and absence of toxicity was determined by morphological examination and cell viability assays. Drug loading and release kinetics were carried out with the anti-inflammatory drug Diclofenac. Conclusion: In this paper we clearly demonstrate the various aspects of nanoparticle articulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics and their applications as a non-toxic drug delivery molecule for its potential applications in therapeutic delivery of drugs for sustained release.

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Green Synthesis of Gold and Iron Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/1581444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Beenish Khanzada ◽

Nosheen Akthar ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽

Hammad Ismail ◽

Mohammed Alqarni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Iron Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Research Work ◽

Ficus Microcarpa ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Nanotechnology has vast applications in almost all fields of science and technology. The use of medicinal plants for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has gained much attention nowadays. In the current research work, six medicinal plants were used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques including UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the activities of green synthesized nanoparticles were screened in vitro using, for example, antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and DNA protection assays. Both FeNPs and AuNPs had spherical shapes with an average size less than 50 nm and were found to have good antimicrobial and nontoxic effects. Furthermore, FeNPs from Ficus microcarpa demonstrated high drug loading efficiency (65%) as compared to an anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac potassium, DFP). We also evaluated the drug delivery potential, as well as anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, of nanoparticles in vivo. Interestingly, AuNPs of Syzygium cumini exhibited strong anti-inflammatory potential as compared to DFP and diclofenac-loaded FeNPs of Ficus microcarpa. The results suggest potential pharmacological applications of biogenic synthesized AuNPs and FeNPs which can be explored further. The study revealed that the green synthesized AuNPs and FeNPs provide a promising approach for the synthesis of drug-loaded nanoparticles and consequently in the field of targeted drug delivery.

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Multivesicular liposome: A lipid-based drug delivery system for efficient drug delivery

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210830095941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Bapi Gorain ◽

Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab ◽

Anroop Nair ◽

Prashant Kesharwani ◽

Manisha Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Delivery System ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Liposomal Delivery ◽

Proteins And Peptides

: The advancement of delivery tools for therapeutic agents has brought several novel formulations with increased drug loading, sustained release, targeted delivery, and prolonged efficacy. Amongst the several novel delivery approaches, multivesicular liposome has gained potential interest because this delivery system possesses the above advantages. In addition, this multivesicular liposomal delivery prevents degradation of the entrapped drug within the physiological environment while administered. The special structure of the vesicles allowed successful entrapment of hydrophobic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents, including proteins and peptides. Furthermore, this novel formulation could maintain the desired drug concentration in the plasma for a prolonged period, which helps to reduce the dosing frequencies, improve bioavailability, and safety. This tool could also provide stability of the formulation, and finally gaining patient compliance. Several multivesicular liposomes received approval for clinical research, while others are at different stages of laboratory research. In this review, we have focused on the preparation of multivesicular liposomes along with their application in different ailments for the improvement of the performance of the entrapped drug. Moreover, the challenges of delivering multivesicular vesicles have also been emphasized. Overall, it could be inferred that multivesicular liposomal delivery is a novel platform of advanced drug delivery with improved efficacy and safety.

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Diatoms Green Nanotechnology for Biosilica-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics10040242 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 242 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Monica Terracciano ◽

Luca De Stefano ◽

Ilaria Rea

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Low Cost ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Diatom Frustule ◽

Artificial Environment

Diatom microalgae are the most outstanding natural source of porous silica. The diatom cell is enclosed in a three-dimensional (3-D) ordered nanopatterned silica cell wall, called frustule. The unique properties of the diatom frustule, including high specific surface area, thermal stability, biocompatibility, and tailorable surface chemistry, make diatoms really promising for biomedical applications. Moreover, they are easy to cultivate in an artificial environment and there is a large availability of diatom frustules as fossil material (diatomite) in several areas of the world. For all these reasons, diatoms are an intriguing alternative to synthetic materials for the development of low-cost drug delivery systems. This review article focuses on the possible use of diatom-derived silica as drug carrier systems. The functionalization strategies of diatom micro/nanoparticles for improving their biophysical properties, such as cellular internalization and drug loading/release kinetics, are described. In addition, the realization of hybrid diatom-based devices with advanced properties for theranostics and targeted or augmented drug delivery applications is also discussed.

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Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery: An Overview and Challenges

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12010175 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Priyanka Prakash ◽

Wing-Hin Lee ◽

Ching-Yee Loo ◽

Hau Seung Jeremy Wong ◽

Thaigarajan Parumasivam

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Production Costs ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

High Production ◽

The Many

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polymers produced under specific conditions by certain organisms, primarily bacteria, as a source of energy. These up-and-coming bioplastics are an undeniable asset in enhancing the effectiveness of drug delivery systems, which demand characteristics like non-immunogenicity, a sustained and controlled drug release, targeted delivery, as well as a high drug loading capacity. Given their biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and compatibility with hydrophobic drugs, PHAs often provide a superior alternative to free drug therapy or treatments using other polymeric nanocarriers. The many formulation methods of existing PHA nanocarriers, such as emulsion solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, dialysis, and in situ polymerization, are explained in this review. Due to their flexibility that allows for a vessel tailormade to its intended application, PHA nanocarriers have found their place in diverse therapy options like anticancer and anti-infective treatments, which are among the applications of PHA nanocarriers discussed in this article. Despite their many positive attributes, the advancement of PHA nanocarriers to clinical trials of drug delivery applications has been stunted due to the polymers’ natural hydrophobicity, controversial production materials, and high production costs, among others. These challenges are explored in this review, alongside their existing solutions and alternatives.

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Natural Diatom Biosilica as Microshuttles in Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11100537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 537 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Joachim Delasoie ◽

Fabio Zobi

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Biophysical Properties ◽

Toxic Material ◽

Highly Porous

Unicellular diatom microalgae are a promising natural resource of porous biosilica. These microorganisms produce around their membrane a highly porous and extremely structured silica shell called frustule. Once harvested from living algae or from fossil sediments of diatomaceous earth, this biocompatible and non-toxic material offers an exceptional potential in the field of micro/nano-devices, drug delivery, theranostics, and other medical applications. The present review focused on the use of diatoms in the field of drug delivery systems, with the aim of presenting the different strategies implemented to improve the biophysical properties of this biosilica in terms of drug loading and release efficiency, targeted delivery, or site-specific binding capacity by surface functionalization. The development of composite materials involving diatoms for drug delivery applications is also described.

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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIOLATED JACKFRUIT SEED STARCH AS A COLONIC DRUG DELIVERY CARRIER

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i3.31895 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 53-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sanjoy Das ◽

Malay K. Das

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Compatibility Study ◽

Mice Model ◽

Drug Delivery Carrier

Objective: Site-specific drug delivery into the colonic region is extremely fascinating for local treatment of various colonic diseases like ulcerative colitis, colon cancer but it should be capable of saving the drug from hydrolysis and degradation. The present study reports the application of jackfruit seed starch and its thiol derivative as a drug delivery carrier for the colon. Methods: The starch was extracted from the jackfruit seeds by water extraction method and modified by the esterification reaction with thioglycolic acid. The thiolated starch was characterized for morphology, functional and flow properties. The safety profile of the thiolated starch was confirmed by acute toxicity study in a mice model as per OECD guidelines 423. The microspheres based on thiolated starch were prepared by ionic gelation method incorporating Ibuprofen as a model drug. The prepared microspheres were characterized for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading, compatibility study, surface morphology, in vitro drug release and release kinetics. Results: The result attributed that starch was successfully modified by the thiolation with a degree of substitution of 3.30. The size of prepared microspheres ranges from 825.5±4.58 to 857±6.24 µm, the entrapment efficiencies ranges from 69.23±1.19 to 76.15±0.83 % and the drug loading capacity ranges from 17.75±0.30 to 46.05±0.49 %. The FT-IR, DSC and XRD studies confirmed that there is no interaction within drug and excipients. The thiolated starch microspheres show the maximum release of drug at pH 7.4 in the presence of rat caecal content as compared to pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 for up to 24 h and are following first order release kinetics. Conclusion: These results suggest the application of thiolated jackfruit seed starch could be promising as a long-term drug delivery carrier for the colon.

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FORMULATION OF NANOPARTICLES OF TELMISARTAN INCORPORATED IN CARBOXYMETHYLCHITOSAN FOR THE BETTER DRUG DELIVERY AND ENHANCED BIOAVAILABILITY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19162 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Upasana Yadav ◽

Angshuman Ray Chowdhuri ◽

Sumanta Kumar Sahu ◽

Nuzhat Husain ◽

Qamar Rehman

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Bioavailability Enhancement ◽

Water Soluble Drug ◽

Efficient Option

Objective: In this study, we have made an attempt to the developed formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) of telmisartan (TLM) incorporated in carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for the better drug delivery and enhanced bioavailability.Materials and Methods: The NPs size and morphology were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The crystal structures and surface functional groups were analyzed using X-ray diffraction pattern, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively.Results: To increase the solubility of TLM by targeted delivery of the drug through polymeric NPs is an alternative efficient, option for increasing the solubility. TLM nanosuspension powders were successfully formulated for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of the drug. We focused on evaluating the influence of particle size and crystalline state on the in vitro and in vivo performance of TLM.Conclusion: In summary, we have developed a new approach toward the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug TLM by CMCS NPs. The particles having a good drug loading content and drug encapsulation efficiency. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs is also very less.

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Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Glaucoma: Most Advanced Systems Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11111742 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1742 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olga Cegielska ◽

Paweł Sajkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Drug Targets ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Drug Bioavailability

Each year, new glaucoma drug delivery systems are developed. Due to the chronic nature of the disease, it requires the inconvenient daily administration of medications. As a result of their elution from the eye surface and penetration to the bloodstream through undesired permeation routes, the bioavailability of active compounds is low, and systemic side effects occur. Despite numerous publications on glaucoma drug carriers of controlled drug release kinetics, only part of them consider drug permeation routes and, thus, carriers’ location, as an important factor affecting drug delivery. In this paper, we try to demonstrate the importance of the delivery proximal to glaucoma drug targets. The targeted delivery can significantly improve drug bioavailability, reduce side effects, and increase patients’ compliance compared to both commercial and scientifically developed formulations that can spread over the eye surface or stay in contact with conjunctival sac. We present a selection of glaucoma drug carriers intended to be placed on cornea or injected into the aqueous humor and that have been made by advanced materials using hi-tech forming methods, allowing for effective and convenient sustained antiglaucoma drug delivery.

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Niosomal Encapsulation of Curcumin: Formulation and Characterization

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i43b32556 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 300-314

Author(s):

Deepak Singh ◽

Prashant Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

The Body ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Selective Absorption ◽

Delivery Methods

Aim: Because of its many actions, curcumin, a plant-derived polyphenolic substance found naturally in turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been the focus of a significant investigation. The utilization of safe, useful, and highly functional chemicals obtained from natural sources in human nutrition/prevention/therapy needs some modifications to achieve multifunctionality, enhance the bioavailability, and delivery methods, all to enhance their efficacy. Curcumin's limited water solubility, fast metabolism and removal from the body, and hence low bioavailability, are significant obstacles to its use. To address these issues, a variety of new drug delivery systems with multiple routes of administration have evolved. Encapsulating the medication in vesicular structures is one such technique that, if successful in enabling selective absorption, can be predicted to extend the drug's life in systemic circulation and reduce toxicity. As a result, several vesicular drug delivery methods, including liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, and pharmacosomes, have been developed. Since then, developments in vesicular drug delivery have resulted in the creation of systems that enable drug targeting as well as the prolonged or controlled release of traditional medications. The present study aimed to develop and characterize curcumin-loaded niosomes. Design of Study: In present study 32 factorial method was used to formulate different formulations of niosomes containing curcumin. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, IFTM University Moradabad, From December to May 2021. Methodology: Various niosomal formulations of curcumin were developed by using surfactant and cholesterol by thin-film hydration technique. Total 9 formulations were developed and characterized (32 factorial designs). Results: Formulation N7 was considered as an optimized formulation since formulation F7 has maximum drug entrapment and a prolonged drug release rate. The present study suggests that the concentration of surfactant and cholesterol affects % drug loading efficiency of niosomes. The percentage entrapment efficiency of niosomes increases on the increasing concentration of surfactant (Span 60) and cholesterol but above a certain concentration of cholesterol further increment in cholesterol concentration reduces drug entrapment efficiency of niosomes.

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Resealed Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers and Its Therapeutic Applications

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch018 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 459-485

Author(s):

Prabhakar Singh ◽

Sudhakar Singh ◽

Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Body Ideal

In this pharma innovative world, there are more than 30 drug delivery systems. Today's due to lacking the target specificity, the present scenario about drug delivery is emphasizing towards targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are the most common type of blood cells travel thousands of miles from wide to narrow pathways to deliver oxygen, drugs and nutrient during their lifetime. Red blood cells have strong and targeted potential carrier capabilities for varieties of drugs. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes or resealed erythrocytes are promising for various passive and active targeting. Resealed erythrocyte have advantage over several drug carrier models like biocompatibility, biodegradability without toxic products, inert intracellular environment, entrapping potential for a variety of chemicals, protection of the organism against toxic effects of the drug, able to circulate throughout the body, ideal zero-order drug-release kinetics, no undesired immune response against encapsulated drug etc. Resealed erythrocytes are rapidly taken up by macrophages of the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) of the liver, lung, and spleen of the body and hence drugs also. Resealed erythrocytes method of drugs delivery is secure and effective for drugs targeting specially for a longer period of time. This chapter will explain the different method of drug loading for resealed erythrocytes, their characterization, and applications in various therapies and associated health benefits.

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