scholarly journals Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery: An Overview and Challenges

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Priyanka Prakash ◽  
Wing-Hin Lee ◽  
Ching-Yee Loo ◽  
Hau Seung Jeremy Wong ◽  
Thaigarajan Parumasivam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
High Production ◽  
The Many

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polymers produced under specific conditions by certain organisms, primarily bacteria, as a source of energy. These up-and-coming bioplastics are an undeniable asset in enhancing the effectiveness of drug delivery systems, which demand characteristics like non-immunogenicity, a sustained and controlled drug release, targeted delivery, as well as a high drug loading capacity. Given their biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and compatibility with hydrophobic drugs, PHAs often provide a superior alternative to free drug therapy or treatments using other polymeric nanocarriers. The many formulation methods of existing PHA nanocarriers, such as emulsion solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, dialysis, and in situ polymerization, are explained in this review. Due to their flexibility that allows for a vessel tailormade to its intended application, PHA nanocarriers have found their place in diverse therapy options like anticancer and anti-infective treatments, which are among the applications of PHA nanocarriers discussed in this article. Despite their many positive attributes, the advancement of PHA nanocarriers to clinical trials of drug delivery applications has been stunted due to the polymers’ natural hydrophobicity, controversial production materials, and high production costs, among others. These challenges are explored in this review, alongside their existing solutions and alternatives.

Multivesicular liposome: A lipid-based drug delivery system for efficient drug delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapi Gorain ◽  
Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab ◽  
Anroop Nair ◽  
Prashant Kesharwani ◽  
Manisha Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Liposomal Delivery ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

: The advancement of delivery tools for therapeutic agents has brought several novel formulations with increased drug loading, sustained release, targeted delivery, and prolonged efficacy. Amongst the several novel delivery approaches, multivesicular liposome has gained potential interest because this delivery system possesses the above advantages. In addition, this multivesicular liposomal delivery prevents degradation of the entrapped drug within the physiological environment while administered. The special structure of the vesicles allowed successful entrapment of hydrophobic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents, including proteins and peptides. Furthermore, this novel formulation could maintain the desired drug concentration in the plasma for a prolonged period, which helps to reduce the dosing frequencies, improve bioavailability, and safety. This tool could also provide stability of the formulation, and finally gaining patient compliance. Several multivesicular liposomes received approval for clinical research, while others are at different stages of laboratory research. In this review, we have focused on the preparation of multivesicular liposomes along with their application in different ailments for the improvement of the performance of the entrapped drug. Moreover, the challenges of delivering multivesicular vesicles have also been emphasized. Overall, it could be inferred that multivesicular liposomal delivery is a novel platform of advanced drug delivery with improved efficacy and safety.

Therapeutic Properties of PDMS Nanoparticles: A Promising New Drug Delivery Vehicle Against Inflammatory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiswarya Anilkumar Ajitha ◽  
Sri SivaKumar ◽  
Gayathri Viswanathan ◽  
Sabulal Baby ◽  
Prabath Gopalakrishnan Biju
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Over the last few decades, there has been a stupendous change in the area of drug delivery using particulate delivery systems, with increasing focus on nanoparticles in recent times. Nanoparticles helps to improve and alter the pharmacodynamic properties and pharmacokinetics of various types of drug molecules. These features help to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, access of the drug to the chosen sites, and to deliver the drug in a controlled and sustained rate at the site of action. Objective: Nanoparticle based targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs/signal modulatory agents to the cytoplasm or nuclei of the targeted cell can significantly enhance the precision and efficacy of intended therapeutic activity. To this end, we report ligand free, enhanced intra-nuclear delivery model of anti-inflammatory therapeutics via PDMS nanoparticles. Method: PDMS nanoparticles were prepared by sacrificial silica template-based approach and details of their characterization for suitability as a nanoparticle-based delivery material is detailed herein. Results: Biological evaluation for compatibility was carried out and the results showed that the PDMS nanoparticle has no toxicity on RAW 264.7 cells in the concentration range of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 μg/mL in culture. Biocompatibility and absence of toxicity was determined by morphological examination and cell viability assays. Drug loading and release kinetics were carried out with the anti-inflammatory drug Diclofenac. Conclusion: In this paper we clearly demonstrate the various aspects of nanoparticle articulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics and their applications as a non-toxic drug delivery molecule for its potential applications in therapeutic delivery of drugs for sustained release.

scholarly journals Natural Diatom Biosilica as Microshuttles in Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Delasoie ◽  
Fabio Zobi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Highly Porous

Unicellular diatom microalgae are a promising natural resource of porous biosilica. These microorganisms produce around their membrane a highly porous and extremely structured silica shell called frustule. Once harvested from living algae or from fossil sediments of diatomaceous earth, this biocompatible and non-toxic material offers an exceptional potential in the field of micro/nano-devices, drug delivery, theranostics, and other medical applications. The present review focused on the use of diatoms in the field of drug delivery systems, with the aim of presenting the different strategies implemented to improve the biophysical properties of this biosilica in terms of drug loading and release efficiency, targeted delivery, or site-specific binding capacity by surface functionalization. The development of composite materials involving diatoms for drug delivery applications is also described.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF NANOPARTICLES OF TELMISARTAN INCORPORATED IN CARBOXYMETHYLCHITOSAN FOR THE BETTER DRUG DELIVERY AND ENHANCED BIOAVAILABILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Upasana Yadav ◽  
Angshuman Ray Chowdhuri ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Sahu ◽  
Nuzhat Husain ◽  
Qamar Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bioavailability Enhancement ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Efficient Option

  Objective: In this study, we have made an attempt to the developed formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) of telmisartan (TLM) incorporated in carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for the better drug delivery and enhanced bioavailability.Materials and Methods: The NPs size and morphology were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The crystal structures and surface functional groups were analyzed using X-ray diffraction pattern, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively.Results: To increase the solubility of TLM by targeted delivery of the drug through polymeric NPs is an alternative efficient, option for increasing the solubility. TLM nanosuspension powders were successfully formulated for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of the drug. We focused on evaluating the influence of particle size and crystalline state on the in vitro and in vivo performance of TLM.Conclusion: In summary, we have developed a new approach toward the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug TLM by CMCS NPs. The particles having a good drug loading content and drug encapsulation efficiency. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs is also very less.

scholarly journals Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Glaucoma: Most Advanced Systems Review

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Cegielska ◽  
Paweł Sajkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Bioavailability

Each year, new glaucoma drug delivery systems are developed. Due to the chronic nature of the disease, it requires the inconvenient daily administration of medications. As a result of their elution from the eye surface and penetration to the bloodstream through undesired permeation routes, the bioavailability of active compounds is low, and systemic side effects occur. Despite numerous publications on glaucoma drug carriers of controlled drug release kinetics, only part of them consider drug permeation routes and, thus, carriers’ location, as an important factor affecting drug delivery. In this paper, we try to demonstrate the importance of the delivery proximal to glaucoma drug targets. The targeted delivery can significantly improve drug bioavailability, reduce side effects, and increase patients’ compliance compared to both commercial and scientifically developed formulations that can spread over the eye surface or stay in contact with conjunctival sac. We present a selection of glaucoma drug carriers intended to be placed on cornea or injected into the aqueous humor and that have been made by advanced materials using hi-tech forming methods, allowing for effective and convenient sustained antiglaucoma drug delivery.

scholarly journals Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Lohani ◽  
Garima Singh ◽  
Shiv Sankar Bhattacharya ◽  
Anurag Verma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Innovative Drug

Polymers have always been valuable excipients in conventional dosage forms, also have shown excellent performance into the parenteral arena, and are now capable of offering advanced and sophisticated functions such as controlled drug release and drug targeting. Advances in polymer science have led to the development of several novel drug delivery systems. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have shown superior performances over the conventional individual polymers and, consequently, the ranges of applications have grown rapidly for such class of materials. The advanced properties of IPNs like swelling capacity, stability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity and biodegradability have attracted considerable attention in pharmaceutical field especially in delivering bioactive molecules to the target site. In the past few years various research reports on the IPN based delivery systems showed that these carriers have emerged as a novel carrier in controlled drug delivery. The present review encompasses IPNs, their types, method of synthesis, factors which affects the morphology of IPNs, extensively studied IPN based drug delivery systems, and some natural polymers widely used for IPNs.

scholarly journals Hybrid mesoporous silica with controlled drug release

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Almásy ◽  
Ana-Maria Putz ◽  
Qiang Tian ◽  
Gennady Kopitsa ◽  
Tamara Khamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
One Step

The mesoporous silica particles were prepared by the sol?gel method in one-step synthesis, in acidic conditions, from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), varying the mole ratio of the silica precursors. Nitric acid was used as catalyst at room temperature and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as structure directing agent. Optical properties, porosity and microstructure of the materials in function of the MTES/TEOS ratio were evaluated using infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering. All materials showed the ordered pore structure and the high specific surfaces, making them suitable as the drug delivery systems. Drug loading and release tests using ketoprofen were performed to assess their performance for drug delivery applications. The amount of the methylated precursor used in the synthesis had little effect on the drug loading capacity, but had a strong influence on the initial rate of the drug release.

scholarly journals Zirconium-Porphyrin PCN-222: pH-responsive Controlled Anticancer Drug Oridonin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Leng ◽  
Hongliang Huang ◽  
Wenping Wang ◽  
Na Sai ◽  
Longtai You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
High Drug ◽  
High Drug Loading

Drug delivery carriers with a high drug loading capacity and biocompatibility, especially for controlled drug release, are urgently needed due to the side effects and frequent dose in the traditional therapeutic method. Guided by nanomaterials, we have successfully synthesized zirconium-based metal−organic frameworks, Zr-TCPP (TCPP: tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin), namely, PCN-222, which is synthesized by solvothermal method. And it has been designed as a drug delivery system (DDS) with a high drug loading of 38.77 wt%. In our work, PCN-222 has achieved pH-sensitive drug release and showed comprehensive SEM, TEM, PXRD, DSC, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption. The low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of PCN-222 were certificated by the in vitro results from an MTT assay, DAPI staining, and Annexin V/PI double-staining even cultivated L02 cells and HepG2 cells for 48h. Furthermore, Oridonin, a commonly used cancer chemotherapy drug, is adsorbed into PCN-222 via the solvent diffusion technique. Based on an analysis of the Oridonin release profile, results suggest that it can last for more than 7 days in vitro. And cumulative release rate of Ori at the 7 d was about 86.29% and 63.23% in PBS (pH 5.5 and pH 7.2, respectively) at 37°C. HepG2 cells were chosen to research the cytotoxicity of PCN-222@Ori and free Oridonin. The results demonstrated that the PCN-222@Ori nanocarrier shows higher cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells compared to Oridonin.

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