Nanotheranostics in Evidence Based Personalized Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 915-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Right ◽  
Novel Drug

Efficient drug delivery systems are exceedingly important for novel drug discovery. The evidence-based personalized medicine (EBPM) promises to deliver the right drug at the right time to a right patient as it covers clinicallysignificant genetic predisposition and chronopharmacological aspects of nanotheranostics. Recently nanotechnology has provided clinically-significant information at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level to facilitate evidence-based personalized treatment. Particularly drug encapsulation in pegylated liposomes has improved pharmacodynamics of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Long-circulating liposomes and block copolymers concentrate slowly via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in the solid tumors and are highly significant for the drug delivery in cancer chemotherapeutics. Selective targeting of siRNA and oligonucleotides to tumor cells with a potential to inhibit multi-drug resistant (MDR) malignancies has also shown promise. In addition, implantable drug delivery devices have improved the treatment of several chronic diseases. Recently, microRNA, metallothioneins (MTs), α-synuclein index, and Charnoly body (CB) have emerged as novel drug discovery biomarkers. Hence CB antagonists-loaded ROSscavenging targeted nanoparticles (NPs) may be developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Nonspecific induction of CBs in the hyper-proliferative cells may cause alopecia, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, and infertility. Therefore selective CB agonists may be developed to augment cancer stem cell specific CB formation to eradicate MDR malignancies with minimum or no adverse effects. This review highlights recent advances on safe, economical, and effective treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer by adopting emerging nanotheranostic strategies to accomplish EBPM.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-based tools: recent advances and novel applications

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa O'Sullivan ◽  
Colin Buttimer ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
Declan Bolton ◽  
Aidan Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Bacterial Control

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacterial hosts, and since their discovery over a century ago they have been primarily exploited to control bacterial populations and to serve as tools in molecular biology. In this commentary, we highlight recent diverse advances in the field of phage research, going beyond bacterial control using whole phage, to areas including biocontrol using phage-derived enzybiotics, diagnostics, drug discovery, novel drug delivery systems and bionanotechnology.

Pharmaceutical Product Development Exploiting 3D Printing Technology: Conventional to Novel Drug Delivery System

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (42) ◽  
pp. 5029-5038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shoaib Alam ◽  
Ayesha Akhtar ◽  
Iftikhar Ahsan ◽  
Sheikh Shafiq-un-Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Novel Drug Delivery System ◽  
Novel Drug

Background: 3D printed pharmaceutical products are revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry as a prospective mean to achieve a personalized method of treatments acquired to the specially designed need of each patient. It will depend upon age, weight, concomitants, pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetic profile of the patient and thus transforming the current pharmaceutical market as a potential alternative to conventional medicine. 3D printing technology is getting more consideration in new medicine formulation development as a modern and better alternative to control many challenges associated with conventional medicinal products. There are many advantages of 3D printed medicines which create tremendous opportunities for improving the acceptance, accuracy and effectiveness of these medicines. In 2015, United State Food and Drug Administration has approved the first 3D printed tablet (Spritam®) and had shown the emerging importance of this technology. Methods: This review article summarizes as how in-depth knowledge of drugs and their manufacturing processes can assist to manage different strategies for various 3D printing methods. The principal goal of this review is to provide a brief introduction about the present techniques employed in tech -medicine evolution from conventional to a novel drug delivery system. Results: It is evidenced that through its unparalleled advantages of high-throughput, versatility, automation, precise spatial control and fabrication of hierarchical structures, the implementation of 3D printing for the expansion and delivery of controlled drugs acts as a pivotal role. Conclusion: 3D printing technology has an extraordinary ability to provide elasticity in the manufacturing and designing of composite products that can be utilized in programmable and personalized medicine. Personalized medicine helps in improving drug safety and minimizes side effects such as toxicity to individual human being which is associated with unsuitable drug dose.

Theoretical formulation strategies towards neutralizing inter-individual variability associated with tacrolimus immunosuppressant therapy: a case study on next generation personalized medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Novel Drug

: Individualizing drug therapy and attaining maximum benefits of a drug devoid of adverse reactions is the benefit of personalized medicine. One of the important factors contributing to inter-individual variability is genetic polymorphism. As of now, dose titration is the only followed golden standard for implementing personalized medicine. Converting the genotypic data into an optimized dose has become easier now due to technology development. However, for many drugs, finding an individualized dose may not be successful, which further leads to a trial and error approach. These dose titration strategies are generally followed at the clinical level, and so industrial involvement and further standardizations are not feasible. On the other side, technologically driven pharmaceutical industries have multiple smart drug delivery systems which are underutilized towards personalized medicine. Transdisciplinary research with drug delivery science can additionally support the personalization by converting the traditional concept of “dose titration towards personalization” with novel “dose-cum-dosage form modification towards next-generation personalized medicine”; the latter approach is useful to overcome gene-based inter-individual variability by either blocking, downregulating, or bypassing the biological protein generated by the polymorphic gene. This article elaborates an advanced approach to implement personalized medicine with the support of novel drug delivery systems. As a case study, we further reviewed the genetic polymorphisms associated with tacrolimus and customized novel drug delivery systems to overcome these challenges factored towards personalized medicine for better clinical outcomes, thereby paving a new strategy for implementing personalized medicine for all other drug candidates.

Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Limitations and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1169-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagandeep Maan ◽  
Biplab Sikdar ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Rahul Shukla ◽  
Awanish Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Novel Drug

Background: Flavonoids, a group of natural dietary polyphenols, are known for their beneficial effects on human health. By virtue of their various pharmacological effects, like anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective effects, flavonoids have now become an important component of herbal supplements, pharmaceuticals, medicinals and cosmetics. There has been enormous literature supporting neuroprotective effect of flavonoids. Recently their efficacy in various neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson diseases, has received particular attention. Objective: The mechanism of flavanoids neuroprotection might include antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antineuroinflammatory and modulation of various cellular and intracellular targets. In in-vivo systems, before reaching to brain, they have to cross barriers like extensive first pass metabolism, intestinal barrier and ultimately blood brain barrier. Different flavonoids have varied pharmacokinetic characteristics, which affect their pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore, brain accessibility of flavonoids is still debatable. Methods: This review emphasized on current trends of research and development on flavonoids, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, possible challenges and strategies to encounter using novel drug delivery system. Results: Various flavonoids have elicited their therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases, however by using nanotechnology and novel drug delivery systems, the bioavailability of favonoids could be enhanced. Conclusion: This study bridges a significant opinion on medicinal chemistry, ethanopharmacology and new drug delivery research regarding use of flavonoids in management of neurodegeneration.

Personalized medicine is the evidence based medicine saved in the right horizon

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Antonio del Puente ◽  
Vinicio Lombardi ◽  
Antonella Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
Based Medicine

Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Development of Treatment Modalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Mittal ◽  
Vasanti M. Jhaveri ◽  
Sae-In Samantha Kay ◽  
Aubrey Greer ◽  
Kyle J. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
First Line ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying pathology for cardiovascular disease is largely atherosclerotic in nature and the steps include fatty streak formation, plaque progression and plaque rupture. While there is optimal drug therapy available for patients with CVD, there are also underlying drug delivery obstacles that must be addressed. Challenges in drug delivery warrant further studies for the development of novel and more efficacious medical therapies. An extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease in combination with current challenges in drug delivery serves as a platform for the development of novel drug therapeutic targets for CVD. The objective of this article is to review the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, first-line medical treatment for CVD, and key obstacles in an efficient drug delivery.

scholarly journals Lipoidal Soft Hybrid Biocarriers of Supramolecular Construction for Drug Delivery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Mankaran Singh ◽  
Mahendra Singh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Vesicular Carriers ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
The Right ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Reproducible Manner

Lipid-based innovations have achieved new heights during the last few years as an essential component of drug development. The current challenge of drug delivery is liberation of drug agents at the right time in a safe and reproducible manner to a specific target site. A number of novel drug delivery systems has emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. Microparticulate lipoidal vesicular system represents a unique technology platform suitable for the oral and systemic administration of a wide variety of molecules with important therapeutic biological activities, including drugs, genes, and vaccine antigens. The success of liposomes as drug carriers has been reflected in a number of liposome-based formulations, which are commercially available or are currently undergoing clinical trials. Also, novel lipid carrier-mediated vesicular systems are originated. This paper has focused on the lipid-based supramolecular vesicular carriers that are used in various drug delivery and drug targeting systems.

Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-675
Author(s):  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Mathangi Palanivel ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Domokos Máthé ◽  
George K. Radda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document