Application of Advanced Electrochemical Methods with Nanomaterial-based Electrodes as Powerful Tools for Trace Analysis of Drugs and Toxic Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Norouzi ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Taher Alizadeh ◽  
Eslam Pourbasheer ◽  
Mostafa Aghazadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Trace Measurement ◽  
Health Application

Background: The new progress in electronic devices has provided a great opportunity for advancing electrochemical instruments by which we can more easily solve many problems of interest for trace analysis of compounds, with a high degree of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and selectivity. On the other hand, in recent years, there is a significant growth in the application of nanomaterials for the construction of nanosensors due to enhanced chemical and physical properties arising from discrete modified nanomaterial-based electrodes or microelectrodes. Objective: Combination of the advanced electrochemical system and nanosensors make these devices very suitable for the high-speed analysis, as motioning and portable devices. This review will discuss the recent developments and achievements that have been reported for trace measurement of drugs and toxic compounds for environment, food and health application.

PHAX-SCAN: Functional integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Marc H. Peeters ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Over the past decades, the combination of energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays and scanning electron microscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for fast and reliable elemental characterization of a large variety of specimens. The technique has evolved rapidly from a purely qualitative characterization method to a reliable quantitative way of analysis. In the last 5 years, an increasing need for automation is observed, whereby energy-dispersive analysers control the beam and stage movement of the scanning electron microscope in order to collect digital X-ray images and perform unattended point analysis over multiple locations.The Philips High-speed Analysis of X-rays system (PHAX-Scan) makes use of the high performance dual-processor structure of the EDAX PV9900 analyser and the databus structure of the Philips series 500 scanning electron microscope to provide a highly automated, user-friendly and extremely fast microanalysis system. The software that runs on the hardware described above was specifically designed to provide the ultimate attainable speed on the system.

Schottky diodes based on 2D materials for environmental gas monitoring: a review on emerging trends, recent developments and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Mathew ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

This review details the fundamentals, working principles and recent developments of Schottky junctions based on 2D materials to emphasize their improved gas sensing properties including low working temperature, high sensitivity, and selectivity.

scholarly journals Development of trace analysis for alkyl methanesulfonates in the delgocitinib drug substance using GC-FID and liquid–liquid extraction with ionic liquid

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1020-1029
Author(s):  
Shinkichi Nomura ◽  
Yoshiharu Ito ◽  
Shigehiko Takegami ◽  
Tatsuya Kitade
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Drug Substance ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Chloride Water

AbstractAlkyl methanesulfonates are genotoxic impurities that should be limited to an intake of not more than 1.5 µg/day, as regulated by the International Council for Harmonization guideline M7. We herein report a trace analysis of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), and isopropyl methanesulfonate (IPMS) in the delgocitinib drug substance using liquid–liquid extraction, with an ionic liquid as the sample-solving medium, and direct injection gas chromatography detected with a flame-ionization detector. The proposed method takes advantage of the fine solubility of ionic liquids toward the drug substance, the good extraction efficiency of alkyl methanesulfonates in liquid–liquid extraction using the Chem Elut cartridge with low-polar organic solvents, and the ability of alkyl methanesulfonates to concentrate in minimum amounts of organic solvent, resulting in excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, for the preparation of the sample solution, a mixture of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, water, and acetonitrile was used as the sample-solving media, extracted with diethyl ether, and the eluent was concentrated to 1 mL. The method showed good linearity, accuracy, and precision from 1 to 5 ppm, and the limits of detection of MMS, EMS, and IPMS were 0.1, 0.05, and 0.05 ppm, respectively.

Chromatographic method for high-speed analysis of gas components

1986 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 459-461
Author(s):  
Tamara I. Lomovzceva ◽  
Irina N. Milinskaya ◽  
Evgenii A. Myagkov ◽  
Galina V. Pogosbekyan ◽  
Nikolay A. Romanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
High Speed Analysis

High-speed analysis of dansyl derivatives of polyamines

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bontemps ◽  
A. Etienne ◽  
M. Kadri ◽  
J. -L. van Cutsem ◽  
G. Dandrifosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Dansyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDDHARTH RAJAN ◽  
UMESH K. MISHRA ◽  
TOMÁS PALACIOS
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Digital Circuits ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gan Hemts ◽  
State Of Art

This paper provides an overview of recent work and future directions in Gallium Nitride transistor research. We discuss the present status of Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs and the innovations that have led to record RF power performance. We describe the development of N -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs with microwave power performance comparable with state-of-art Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs. Finally we will discuss how GaN -based field effect transistors could be promising for a less obvious application: low-power high-speed digital circuits.

scholarly journals Error Performance Estimation of Modulated Retroreflective Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Diversity under Generalized Pointing Errors

Telecom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
George K. Varotsos ◽  
Hector E. Nistazakis ◽  
Konstantinos Aidinis ◽  
Fadi Jaber ◽  
Mohd Nasor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Error Performance ◽  
Pointing Errors ◽  
Implanted Medical Devices ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in both optical wireless communication (OWC) systems and implanted medical devices (IMDs) have introduced transdermal optical wireless (TOW) technology as a viable candidate for extremely high-speed in-body to out-of-body wireless data transmissions, which are growing in demand for many vital biomedical applications, including telemetry with medical implants, health monitoring, neural recording and prostheses. Nevertheless, this emerging communication modality is primarily hindered by skin-induced attenuation of the propagating signal bit carrier along with its stochastic misalignment-induced fading. Thus, by considering a typical modulated retroreflective (MRR) TOW system with spatial diversity and optimal combining (OC) for signal reception in this work, we focus, for the first time in the MRR TOW literature, on the stochastic nature of generalized pointing errors with non-zero boresight (NZB). Specifically, under these circumstances, novel analytical mathematical expressions were derived for the total average bit error rate (BER) of various system configurations. Their results revealed significant outage performance enhancements when spatial diversity was utilized. Moreover, taking into consideration the total transdermal pathloss along with the effects of stochastic NZB pointing errors, the critical average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) metric was evaluated for typical power spectral-density values.

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