Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajasekhar Chokkareddy ◽  
Suvardhan Kanchi ◽  
Inamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rural Patients ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Background: While significant strides have been made to avoid mortality during the treatment of chronic diseases, it is still one of the biggest health-care challenges that have a profound effect on humanity. The development of specific, sensitive, accurate, quick, low-cost, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools is therefore still in urgent demand. Nanodiagnostics is defined as the application of nanotechnology to medical diagnostics that can offer many unique opportunities for more successful and efficient diagnosis and treatment for infectious diseases. Methods: In this review we provide an overview of infectious disease using nanodiagnostics platforms based on nanoparticles, nanodevices for point-of-care (POC) applications. Results: Current state-of-the-art and most promising nanodiagnostics POC technologies, including miniaturized diagnostic tools, nanorobotics and drug delivery systems have been fully examined for the diagnosis of diseases. It also addresses the drawbacks, problems and potential developments of nanodiagnostics in POC applications for chronic diseases. Conclusions: While progress is gaining momentum in this field and many researchers have dedicated their time in developing new smart nanodevices for POC applications for various chronic diseases, the ultimate aim of achieving longterm, reliable and continuous patient monitoring has not yet been achieved. Moreover, the applicability of the manufactured nanodevices to rural patients for on-site diagnosis, cost, and usability are the crucial aspects that require more research, improvements, and potential testing stations. Therefore, more research is needed to develop the demonstrated smart nanodevices and upgrade their applicability to hospitals away from the laboratories.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Testing-the Key in the Battle against SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Florina Silvia Iliescu ◽  
Ana Maria Ionescu ◽  
Larisa Gogianu ◽  
Monica Simion ◽  
Violeta Dediu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
User Friendly

The deleterious effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urged the development of diagnostic tools to manage the spread of disease. Currently, the “gold standard” involves the use of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Even though it is sensitive, specific and applicable for large batches of samples, qRT-PCR is labour-intensive, time-consuming, requires trained personnel and is not available in remote settings. This review summarizes and compares the available strategies for COVID-19: serological testing, Point-of-Care Testing, nanotechnology-based approaches and biosensors. Last but not least, we address the advantages and limitations of these methods as well as perspectives in COVID-19 diagnostics. The effort is constantly focused on understanding the quickly changing landscape of available diagnostic testing of COVID-19 at the clinical levels and introducing reliable and rapid screening point of care testing. The last approach is key to aid the clinical decision-making process for infection control, enhancing an appropriate treatment strategy and prompt isolation of asymptomatic/mild cases. As a viable alternative, Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) is typically low-cost and user-friendly, hence harbouring tremendous potential for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis.

scholarly journals Host-Modulation Therapy and Chair-Side Diagnostics in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Sorsa ◽  
Joseph Bacigalupo ◽  
Mauno Könönen ◽  
Pirjo Pärnänen ◽  
Ismo T. Räisänen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Active Matrix ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Previous studies report periodontitis and peri-implantitis being able to induce systemic low-grade inflammation, which is known to be associated with increased risk for some systemic medical disease such as cardiovascular disease. In this regard, recent studies have shown that host modulation therapy (HMT) together with traditional mechanical and surgical treatment not only cease the progression of periodontitis but also reduce the systemic collagenolytic biomarkers in both oral fluids and circulation. This suggests that the corresponding adjunctive HMT-medication could be effective in the prevention and treatment of dental peri-implantitis, as well. Furthermore, low-cost, safe, and practical oral fluid active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) lateral-flow immunotests have been proposed as point-of-care/chair-side diagnostic tools to detect peri-implantitis and periodontitis, and to monitor their effective resolutions, while using various therapeutic strategies, including host modulation. This study reports the potential benefits of HMT-medication in the prevention and treatment of dental peri-implantitis among five patients (four of five were current/ex-smokers). In addition, the aMMP-8 point-of-care test diagnosed 20 peri-implantitis and 20 healthy controls correctly. In conclusion, this study and previous studies support the potential effectiveness of HMT-medication(s) and point-of-care/chair-side technologies in the treatment and diagnostics/monitoring of peri-implantitis. However, more studies are needed to further confirm this.

Point-of-care testing based on smartphone: The current state-of-the-art (2017–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Zhaoxin Geng ◽  
Zhiyuan Fan ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Hongda Chen
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Current State

Alleviating the Neglected Tropical Diseases: Recent Developments in Diagnostics and Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1559-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satakshi Hazra ◽  
Sanjukta Patra
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are communicable diseases caused by a group of bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths prevalent in more than 145 countries that affect the world’s poverty stricken populations. WHO enlists 18 NTDs amongst people living in endemic areas having inaccessibility to preventive measures. Steps to reduce the global disease burden of the NTDs need attention at multi-factorial levels. Control programmes, mass drug administrations, transmission checks, eradication surveillances and diagnoses are some of them. The foremost in this list is confirmatory diagnosis. A comprehensive summary of the innovative, high-impact, multiplexed, low-cost diagnostic tools developed in the last decade that helped to meet the needs of users can depict a holistic approach to further evaluate potential technologies and reagents currently in research. Major Advancements: A literature survey based on developing nano-biotechnological platforms to meet the diagnostic challenges in NTDs towards development of a useful point-of-care (POC) unit is reported. However, in order to pave the way for complete eradication more sensitive tools are required that are user-friendly and applicable for use in endemic and low-resource settings. There are various novel research progresses/advancements made for qualitative and quantitative measurement of infectious load in some diseases like dengue, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis; though further improvements on the specificity and sensitivity front are still awaited. Strategies to combat the problem of antimicrobial drug resistance in diagnosis of NTDs have also been put forward by various research groups and organizations. Moreover, the state-of-the-art “omics” approaches like metabolomics and metagenomics have also started to contribute constructively towards diagnosis and prevention of the NTDs. Conclusion: A concrete solution towards a single specimen based common biomarker detection platform for NTDs is lacking. Identifying robust biomarkers and implementing them on simple diagnostic tools to ease the process of pathogen detection can help us understand the obstacles in current diagnostic measures of the NTDs.

Vitamin D and chronic diseases: the current state of the art

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Barbara Altieri ◽  
Cedric Annweiler ◽  
Giancarlo Balercia ◽  
H. B. Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Autonomous Flight

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tang ◽  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Multirobot Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Vehicle ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
New Research

This review surveys the current state of the art in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles, focusing on algorithms for quadrotors. Tremendous progress has been made across both industry and academia, and full vehicle autonomy is now well within reach. We begin by presenting recent successes in control, estimation, and trajectory planning that have enabled agile, high-speed flight using low-cost onboard sensors. We then examine new research trends in learning and multirobot systems and conclude with a discussion of open challenges and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Development of a program for diagnosing diseases by the test recognition method

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya Reznikova ◽  
Denis Savchenko ◽  
Anna Smyshlyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Test Algorithm ◽  
High Level ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Theory of pattern recognition is an important theoretical and applied area in computer science. Depending on the nature of the task for recognition are used different approaches. In this article the authors investigate the current state of the use of supercomputers in the field of medical diagnostics and propose an affordable applied solution for diagnosing diseases based on the use of test recognition. Test recognition is based on such a combinatorial-logical approach as a test algorithm. Test algorithms are based on the analysis of a set of deadlock table tests and depend on the dimension of a given matrix of objects and their features. A deadlock test is an incompressible set of features that contains all the information about dividing a table into classes. In this work briefly presents the chronology of the development of test algorithms for solving recognition problems. The authors have developed an interpretation of the test algorithm to automate the diagnosis of diseases by identifying the proximity of the desired subset (available symptoms) to one of the existing ones (diagnoses) by defining deadlock tests. In addition to the presented algorithm, screenshots are presented with an example of a step-by-step solution in the form of a console application created in the high-level programming language C#. On the basis of the developed algorithm, the authors propose an example of a ready-made software solution in the form of a window application for diagnosing diseases based on the patient's symptoms. The developed software solution allows to mark the patient's symptoms and automatically calculate the most probable disease. The program narrows the range of acceptable values (diagnoses) depending on the symptoms marked by the user and provides an assessment of possible diseases, helping the doctor in making a diagnosis and minimizing errors made by the human factor. The article provides an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the developed solution, considers other areas of application of test recognition

Modular Reconfigurable Robotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwon Seo ◽  
Jamie Paik ◽  
Mark Yim
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Reconfigurable Robot ◽  
High Level

This article reviews the current state of the art in the development of modular reconfigurable robot (MRR) systems and suggests promising future research directions. A wide variety of MRR systems have been presented to date, and these robots promise to be versatile, robust, and low cost compared with other conventional robot systems. MRR systems thus have the potential to outperform traditional systems with a fixed morphology when carrying out tasks that require a high level of flexibility. We begin by introducing the taxonomy of MRRs based on their hardware architecture. We then examine recent progress in the hardware and the software technologies for MRRs, along with remaining technical issues. We conclude with a discussion of open challenges and future research directions.

scholarly journals Nanobiosensors as new diagnostic tools for SARS, MERS and COVID-19: from past to perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccarda Antiochia
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Affinity Biosensors

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and novel coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) epidemics represent the biggest global health threats in the last two decades. These infections manifest as bronchitis, pneumonia or severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory illness. The novel coronavirus seems to be associated with milder infections but it has spread globally more rapidly becoming a pandemic. This review summarises the state of the art of nanotechnology-based affinity biosensors for SARS, MERS and COVID-19 detection. The nanobiosensors are antibody- or DNA-based biosensors with electrochemical, optical or FET-based transduction. Various kinds of nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles, nanowires and graphene, have been merged to the affinity biosensors to enhance their analytical performances. The advantages of the use of the nanomaterials are highlighted, and the results compared with those obtained using non-nanostructured biosensors. A critical comparison with conventional methods, such as RT-PCR and ELISA, is also reported. It is hoped that this review will provide interesting information for the future development of new reliable nano-based platforms for point-of-care diagnostic devices for COVID-19 prevention and control.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Immunosensor Arrays for Cancer Diagnostics

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sharafeldin ◽  
Karteek Kadimisetty ◽  
Ketki S. Bhalerao ◽  
Tianqi Chen ◽  
James F. Rusling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Protein Biomarker ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printed

Detecting cancer at an early stage of disease progression promises better treatment outcomes and longer lifespans for cancer survivors. Research has been directed towards the development of accessible and highly sensitive cancer diagnostic tools, many of which rely on protein biomarkers and biomarker panels which are overexpressed in body fluids and associated with different types of cancer. Protein biomarker detection for point-of-care (POC) use requires the development of sensitive, noninvasive liquid biopsy cancer diagnostics that overcome the limitations and low sensitivities associated with current dependence upon imaging and invasive biopsies. Among many endeavors to produce user-friendly, semi-automated, and sensitive protein biomarker sensors, 3D printing is rapidly becoming an important contemporary tool for achieving these goals. Supported by the widely available selection of affordable desktop 3D printers and diverse printing options, 3D printing is becoming a standard tool for developing low-cost immunosensors that can also be used to make final commercial products. In the last few years, 3D printing platforms have been used to produce complex sensor devices with high resolution, tailored towards researchers’ and clinicians’ needs and limited only by their imagination. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing, 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has drastically reduced the time of sensor and sensor array development while offering excellent sensitivity at a fraction of the cost of conventional technologies such as photolithography. In this review, we offer a comprehensive description of 3D printing techniques commonly used to develop immunosensors, arrays, and microfluidic arrays. In addition, recent applications utilizing 3D printing in immunosensors integrated with different signal transduction strategies are described. These applications include electrochemical, chemiluminescent (CL), and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) 3D-printed immunosensors. Finally, we discuss current challenges and limitations associated with available 3D printing technology and future directions of this field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document