Cardioprotective Role of Theobroma Cacao against Isoproterenol-Induced Acute Myocardial Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Atiang Beshel ◽  
Favour Nyoh Beshel ◽  
Justina Nwandimma Nwangwa ◽  
Idara Okon Asuquo ◽  
Clement Ikani Ejim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Acute Myocardial Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Background: Antioxidants are beneficial in myocardial infarction (MI). It is suggestive that Theobroma cacao (TC) with rich antioxidant properties can be of health benefit in myocardial injury. Aim: The study investigated the effect of Theobroma cacao on cardioprotection in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarc-tion in rats. Material and methods: Male Wistar rats divided into four groups of 6 rats were used for the study. Group 1, the control was administered 0.9% normal saline placebo via oral gavage. Group 2 was the MI induced group administered 100mg/kg body weight isoproterenol subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hours. Group 3 was administered TC for 2 weeks at 100mg/kg body weight via oral route. Group 4 was pretreated with TC (100mg/kg) via oral route for 2 weeks, followed im-mediately with administration of 100mg/kg body weight isoproterenol subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hours. The rats were sacrificed using chloroform anesthesia, and blood samples collected via cardiac puncture. The serum was analyzed for troponin level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Results: The serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in the MI group compared with the control. Pretreatment with TC before MI induction significantly (p<0.01) prevented increased serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels when compared with the MI group. There was also a significant (p<0.01) decrease in MDA in the TC group compared with the control. Conclusion: These results suggest that Theobroma cacao protects against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury, possibly by preventing oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Effect of Methanolic Extract of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind on Prednisolone Suppressed Immunity in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nyejirime Young Wike ◽  
Mobisson Samuel Kelechi ◽  
Godspower Onyeso ◽  
Okekem Amadi ◽  
Elizabeth Eepho Krukru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Citrullus lanatus thumb (Cucurbitaceae) commonly called watermelon is widely consumed in this part of the world as food and medicine. This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanolic extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind on prednisolone suppressed immunity in male wistar rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 150-294g were used in 4 groups with five rats each. Group 1, the control group was given distilled water and feed, Group 2 was given 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind, Group 3 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and Group 4 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind. Prednisolone and the methanolic extract of watermelon rind were administered orally for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were collected by cardio puncture from the rats for white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and granulocyte and monocyte counts at the end of the experiment.  The data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Data were considered significant at p<0.05. The results obtained showed that methanolic extract of watermelon rind caused a significant increasen in immune function of rats when compared with the control and immune suppressed rats.

Defensive activity of Hesperidin against Ciprofloxacin induced hepatic injury in rabbits.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraa M. Murad ◽  
Tamadhur Hani Hussein ◽  
Audai Sulaiman Khudhair ◽  
Manal Muhi Murad ◽  
Jawad Kadhim Faris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Defensive Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

This study was conducted to find out hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin (HES) 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) against ciprofloxacin (CPX) 100 mg/kg induced hepatotoxicity in local breed rabbits .CPX is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many bacterial infections. Twenty four male rabbits were divided into four groups ,group1: control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group 2: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) for (14) consecutive days , group 3: HES (100 mg//kg) orally for (14) consecutive days group 4: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) plus HES (100 mg//kg orally ) for (14) consecutive days. All the rabbits were killed on the (15) day of the experiment, and then the blood, and livers samples were taken. CPX induced hepatotoxicity was proved by a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the body weight ,and a significant (p less than 0.01) increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) , Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective hepatic toxicity effect and oxidative damage caused by CPX significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in body weight and significantly (p less than 0.01) decreasing AST , ALT, MAD and improving tissue morphology in HES (100 mg//kg) . These results assure that HES (100 mg//kg) antioxidant effects can protect CPX-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Effect on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Rat: Comparison of Malondialdehyde Level of Liver and Blood Plasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6053-6057
Author(s):  
Muhammad K Azwar ◽  
Ani R Prijanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Studies suggested antioxidant properties of the content of Syzygium aromaticum (clove). The study was conducted to obtain better understanding about the effect of clove on concentration of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and blood plasma of rat initially induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); and whether blood plasma MDA level might represent liver condition. Experimental research was done using 20 Wistar rats classified into 5 treatment groups: (1) CCl4 - and clove-positive treatment after 3 days of clove treatment, (2) one day after, (3) alpha-tocopherol as positive control, (4) CCl4 only as negative control, and (5) normal control. Wills method was used for MDA concentration measurement. Liver MDA concentration were 0.0262 ± 0.0010 for group 1, 0.0214 ± 0.0047 group 2, 0 for group 3, 0.0077 ± 0.0094 group 4, and 0.0039 ± 0.0009 control group in nmol/mg protein (p = 0.001), whereas in the blood plasma it was 29.6032 ± 6.8021 for group 1, 26.1103 ± 3.6920 for group 2, 1.1612 ± 0.3555 for group 3, 1.4585 ± 1.4747 for group 4, and 2.4217 ± 1.2382 control group in nmol/mL (p = 0.001). Contrary to study in the past, no antioxidant properties were observed in treatment with dose 200 mg clove/kg body weight of rat. Such treatment increased MDA concentration and enhanced CCl4-induced damage in a time-dependent fashion. Strong correlation between MDA concentration in the liver and blood plasma (R = 0.97; p = 0.003) suggested blood plasma utilisation to represent hepatic MDA concentration or damage.

Evaluation of hepatic glycogen content, some haematological and biochemical parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with combinations of glibenclamide and G. latifolium extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Aba
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate ◽  
Group 1

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is associated with both biochemical and haematological complications. Combination therapy has been advocated to mitigate some of these complications.AimThis study was designed to investigate the effects of glibenclamide andMethodsThirty male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of six rats each. Groups 2–5 rats received intraperitoneally, 160 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate while group 1 rats served as normal control. Groups 2–5 rats were respectively treated with 10 mL/kg distilled water (DW), 2 mg/kg glibenclamide, 200 mg/kg GL and 2 mg/kg glibenclamide and 200 mg/kg GL, while group 1 rats received 10 mL/kg DW. All treatments wereResultsCreatinine and BUN values of groups 3 and 4 rats were comparable to that of group 1 but were significantly (p<0.05) lower when compared with those of groups 2 and 5. There were significant (p<0.05) increases in the mean hepatic glycogen content, RBC, PCV, and Hb of group 4 rats when compared to those of group 2.ConclusionsIt was concluded that a combination of glibenclamide and

scholarly journals Η μελέτη της αντιοξειδωτικής και αντιφλεγμονώδους δράσης μορίων (U-74389G και σιλδεναφίλης) σε πειραματικό πρότυπο χημικής αιμορραγικής κολίτιδας σε επίμυες

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεώργιος-Αντώνιος Μαργώνης
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Rat Model ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 5

BACKGROUND: Crohn disease is still incurable. Compounds with anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidativeeffects are tested in various preclinical models of the disease. Our aim was to investigate theeffects of sildenafil and lazaroid U-74389G in an experimental rat model oftrinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was instilled into the colon of all male Wistar rats except for therats belonging to the first group. For 6 days, the animals in group 3 were administered dailysildenafil orally, the rats in group 4 were administered daily U-74389G intravenously, and therats in group 5 were coadministered daily sildenafil orally and intravenous U-74389G. Therats in groups 1 and 2 were not administered any treatment. During the study, the weightswere recorded as a marker of clinical condition. The colon damage was evaluated usingmacroscopic colon mucosal damage index (CMDI), microscopic (Geboes score), andbiochemical methods (tissue tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-αΝandΝmalondialdehydeΝ[εϊχ]ΨέRESULTS:Sildenafil reduced TNF-αΝtissueΝlevelsΝandΝincreasedΝbodyΝweightέΝU-74389G reduced TNF-α,Νthe macroscopic index of mucosal damage score (CMDI) and increased body weight. Thecombined treatment with sildenafil and U-74389G reduced tissue levels of both TNF-αΝandΝMDA, lowered CMDI and microscopic Geboes score, and increased body weight. CONCLUSIONS:U-74389G demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory activity related to its ability to reducecolonic TNF-α,ΝωεϊIΝscore, and improve weight change. We confirmed that sildenafil hasanti-inflammatory capacity by reducing colonic TNF-αΝandΝbyΝimprovingΝbodyΝweightέΝόinally,Νthe combined treatment showed superior effects by reducing colonic TNF-α,ΝcolonicΝεϊχ,ΝCMDI score, Geboes score, and by improving weight.

scholarly journals The effects of crude extract of Amaranthus hybridus (000059604) on reproductive parameters of the male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
M. O. Oyeyemi ◽  
V. B. Adedeji ◽  
A. M. Bankole
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Studies on Amaranthus hybridus (AH) have established its antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of AH on some reproductive parameters of forty-five sexually matured Albino rats (Wistar Strain) males. Amaranthus hybridus has been reported to have several protective and curative properties attributed majorly to strong antioxidant activity. They were randomly grouped into 3 with each group consisting of 15 rats. Group A received (per Os) Amaranthus hybridus (50mg/kg body weight) and group B had Amaranthus hybridus (100mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Group C (control) received distilled water for 7 days. Blood and semen samples were collected for analyses on day 1,8,15 and 22 post-treatments. The results showed that the sperm motility of group B in day 1, (2.00± 2.00%) rat was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of group C (26.00 ± 7.97%), whereas it was greatly improved in Group B (85.00 ± 4.47%) and Group A (60.00 ±4.47%) at the day 22 posttreatment. Livability of sperm cells were significantly higher (p < 0.5 0) in Group A (96.20±0.73%) and Group B (96.20±0.73%) compared to Group C (96.80±1.64%) at day 22 post-treatment. The histology of the testis of control and all treatment groups revealed normal testicular germinal epithelium full of viable spermatogenic cells. It is, therefore, concluded that Amaranthus hybridus extract given orally at 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight, did not affect the normal cytoarchitecture of the testis and epididymis and can increase sperm production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Sesamum Indicum Seeds on Sperm Morphology and Viability in KetoconazoleInduced Testicular Damage in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf MK
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum seeds on sperm morphology and viability in ketoconazole induced testicular damage in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into eight Groups of six rats each. Groups 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 were administered 1ml of normal saline, 100 mg /kg body weight (bwt) of Ketoconazole only, 500 mg/kg bwt of ethanolic extract of sesamum indicum (EESI) seeds then100 mg/kg bwt of Ketoconazole, 100 mg/kg bwt of Ketoconazole then 250 mg /kg body weight of EESI seeds,100 mg/kg bwt of Ketoconazole then 500 mg/kg bwt of EESI, 100 mg/kg body weight of Ketoconazole then 0.36 mg/kg body weight of Mesterolone, 0.36 mg/kg body weight of Mesterolone, 500 mg/kg body weight of EESI respectively. All administrations were carried out orally once per day. The sperm smears were collected for semen analyses. Result: A significant increase in the abnormalities of sperm morphology and viability respectively were noted in the group administered ketoconazole alone (Group 2) compared with other experimental Groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The administration of ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum appeared to have minimized the damages and sperm deaths caused by ketoconazole which may be due to its androgenic properties.

scholarly journals Ganoderma Lucidum from Red Mushroom Attenuates Formaldehyde-Induced Liver Damage in Experimental Male Rat Model

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi ◽  
Tolulope Olamide Okeowo ◽  
Oluwatosin Adefunke Adetuyi ◽  
Oluwaseun Abraham Adebisi ◽  
Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Protective Potential ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mediated Reduction

The majority of liver-related illnesses are caused by occupational and domestic exposure to toxic chemicals like formaldehyde (FA), which is widely common in Africa and the world at large. Hence, measures should be taken to protect humans from its hazardous effects. This study, therefore, examines the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum (100 mg/kg body weight) on formaldehyde-induced (40%) liver oxido-inflammation in male rats. Male Wistar rats, 150–200 g, were allotted into four groups of 10 animals as follows: Group 1 was orally treated with 1 mg/mL distilled water, Group 2 was exposed to a 40% formaldehyde vapor environment for 30 min per day, Group 3 was orally treated with 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum, and Group 4 was co-administered formaldehyde and 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after administering the last dose of treatment, and the livers were excised. Ganoderma lucidum significantly reversed the formaldehyde-mediated reduction in body and organ weight. Ganoderma lucidum administration significantly prevented oxido-inflammation by reducing the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione contents, as well as the normal level of nitrite and myeloperoxidase production in FA-treated rats. Additionally, Ganoderma lucidum reversed a large decline in proinflammatory markers in formaldehyde. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum restores formaldehyde-induced histological alterations in the liver. Collectively, our results provide valuable information on the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum in protecting formaldehyde-induced liver oxido-inflammation in male rats.

scholarly journals Effects of budesonide and probiotics enemas on the colonic mucosa of rats with experimental colitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Mardem Machado de Souza ◽  
José Eduardo de Aguilar-Nascimento ◽  
Maria Helena Gomes-da-Silva ◽  
Rubens Carlos Junior
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of enemas containing probiotics and budesonide on the colonic mucosa in experimental colitis. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats with experimental colitis induced by 10% acetic acid enema were randomized to five groups (10 rats each) according to the treatment: group 1 - saline solution, group 2 - budesonide (0.75 mg/kg/day), group 3 - probiotics (1mg/day), group 4 - probiotics plus budesonide, and group 5 - control, with not-treated rats. The following variables were studied: body weight, macroscopic and microscopic score of the colonic mucosa, and DNA content of the mucosa. RESULTS: All animals lost weight between the beginning and the end of the experiment (280+ 16 mg versus 249+21 mg, p< 0.001). There was no significant difference among the groups in relation to both the macroscopic and histological score. The budesonide + probiotic group showed higher DNA content than control group (1.24+ 0.15 versus 0.92+ 0.30 mg/100mg of tissue, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Budesonide in addition to probiotics enhance the mucosal trophism in experimental colitis.

scholarly journals Ruellia tuberosa L. Extract Improves Histopathology and Lowers Malondialdehyde Levels and TNF Alpha Expression in the Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anna Roosdiana ◽  
Fajar Shodiq Permata ◽  
Riera Indah Fitriani ◽  
Khairul Umam ◽  
Anna Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Ruellia tuberosa L. is a therapeutic plant that is generally consumed in Indonesian traditional medicine to prevent or cure various illnesses, i.e., diabetes. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroethanolic root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. on the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: healthy rats (group 1), diabetic rats (group 2), and treated rats which received extract at dosages of 250 (group 3), 375 (group 4), and 500 (group 5) mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by the administration of five doses of streptozotocin 20 mg/kg body weight within five consecutive days. Significant increases in the value of TNF alpha expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Furthermore, severe histological alterations of kidney tissues occurred in the diabetic rats group. After treatment was applied, the value of TNF alpha expression and MDA levels on the kidney decreased considerably p < 0.05 in groups 3, 4, and 5. The optimum dosage was obtained at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (group 3), which had 42.24% and 52.70% decrease in TNF alpha expression and MDA levels, respectively. The histopathological profiles of the kidney also showed significant improvements in treated groups. The most prominent recoveries were also shown in group 3. The treatments induced repairment in the glomerular and renal tubular damages in the kidney tissues. To conclude, these results emphasize potentially health valuable properties of hydroethanolic root extracts of R. tuberosa L. in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

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