scholarly journals Dental Evidence in Forensic Identification – An Overview, Methodology and Present Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Arun K Garg
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Disaster Victim Identification ◽  
Dental Identification ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Mass Murders

Forensic odontology is primarily concerned with the use of teeth and oral structures for identification in a legal context. Various forensic odontology techniques help in the identification of the human remains in incidents such as terrorists’ attacks, airplane, train and road accidents, fires, mass murders, and natural disasters such as tsunamis, earth quakes and floods, etc. (Disaster Victim Identification-DVI). Dental structures are the hardest and well protected structures in the body. These structures resist decomposition and high temperatures and are among the last ones to disintegrate after death. The principal basis of the dental identification lies in the fact that no two oral cavities are alike and the teeth are unique to an individual. The dental evidence of the deceased recovered from the scene of crime/occurrence is compared with the ante-mortem records for identification. Dental features such as tooth morphology, variations in shape and size, restorations, pathologies, missing tooth, wear patterns, crowding of the teeth, colour and position of the tooth, rotations and other peculiar dental anomalies give every individual a unique identity. In absence of ante-mortem dental records for comparison, the teeth can help in the determination of age, sex, race/ethnicity, habits, occupations, etc. which can give further clues regarding the identity of the individuals. This piece of writing gives an overview of dental evidence, its use in forensic identification and its limitations.

Age determination and the importance of teeth in forensic odontology: A retrospective review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sam
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Dental Maturity

Because of illegal immigrations, particularly after the so called Arab spring and the growing incidence of natural and man-made disasters which regrettably was very common in the last three to four decades, age determination has gained increasing importance in legal medicine. Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry which deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the interest of justice. There are various methods are used in Dentistry as an Evidence in Forensic Identification. Dental maturity, have a very imperative position in the assessment of age in children and adolescents forensic examinations. As time passes, with the increase in human greed and aspirations to conquer more and more nations in the false name of ‘removal of the dictators’ and the ‘forceful imposition of imported western democracy’ that has produced devastating results in the middle east and ultimately resulting in illegal mass immigration occurring towards Europe, eventually resulting in increase of crime and other legal and illegal activities, Forensic odontology as a branch in dentistry will continue to play its important role in legal medicine.

scholarly journals Identification of Deceased Children of Nepal Airlines Crash through Dental Age Estimation

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (208) ◽  
pp. 469-71
Author(s):  
Nitin Kumar Agrawal ◽  
Samarika Dahal ◽  
Harihar Wasti
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Dental Age Estimation ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Disaster Victim Identification ◽  
Victim Identification ◽  
Dental Identification ◽  
Important Means

Identification of victims in a disaster is a challenging process and requires use of both primary and secondary identifiers. Development of teeth is one of the routinely used methods of age estimation and helps in establishing deceased biological profile. Two children who lost their lives in 2014 in Nepal Airlines crash, were looked for the dental developmental status. One of the children had primary dentition, while the other had mixed dentition. This helped us in estimating age of these individuals reconciled with the chronological age provided by the relatives. This led to the identification of both the children, thus, emphasizing teeth as important means of identification in any disaster. Keywords: dental age; dental identification; disaster victim identification; forensic dentistry; forensic odontology.

scholarly journals Role of Dental Hard Tissue in Human Identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Niharika Swain ◽  
Shilpa Patel ◽  
Jigna Pathak ◽  
Priyadarshani R Sarkate ◽  
Nikita K Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Dental Hard Tissue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dental Evidence

ABSTRACT Ethnologic identification is one of the major demanding subjects to facilitate human has been encountered with. The forensic magnitude of the dental tissue has been well predictable since teeth are hardest of all human tissues and they can be conserved undamaged for an extensive episode of instance following fatality. They are constant chemically and they retain their characteristics, which becomes a consistent source for determination of human identification. The study of the dental hard and soft tissue for the rationale of establishing the individuality of a victim is called dental profiling. By using the dental profiling techniques, age, gender, and race of an individual can be determined, as well as the data about their socioeconomic status, personal habits, oral and systemic health, occupation, diet, familial relationship, and psychological characteristics. A dental profile is more detailed and reliable if more than one technique is applied. Each human being possesses a unique dental profile that helps them in identification. Education in the field of forensic odontology and techniques of dental profiling is essential since it contributes significantly to the status of the dental profession in additional associated disciplines as well as in public, and it encourages dentists to view their own achievements from a wider perspective. Through the ages, odontological examinations have been a critical determinant in the search of human identity. This piece of review writing gives an overview of the dental evidence and its use in forensic identification. How to cite this article: Sahu NK, Patel S, Pathak J, et al. Role of Dental Hard Tissue in Human Identification. J Contemp Dent 2019;9(3):130–134.

The Series of Archaeological Dance: A Historical Study and Dance Move Recording with Labanotation | ระบำ􀄕ชุดโบร􀄕ณคดี: ก􀄕รศึกษ􀄕เชิงประวัติศ􀄕สตร์ และก􀄕รบันทึกท่􀄕ร 􀄕ด้วยล􀄕บ􀄕นโนเทชัน

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharakorn Chandnasaro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Unique Style

The Series of Archaeological Dances is a creative work of Thai dance inspired by information and evidence of ancient antiquities and sites discovered in Thailand to make the archaeological evidence found to be alive again in the form of Thai theatre and dance. The name of the historical period of art identified by the scholars are used to define the names of five performance of the Archaeological Dances, namely, Dvāravatī Dance, Srīvijaya Dance, Lopburi Dance, Chiang Saen Dance, and Sukhothai Dance. Each performance has its own unique style with no related content to each other. This series of dances were premiered on 25 May 1967, in front of King Rama IX and Queen Sirikit. Regarding to the movement of the body, there is unique identity that reflects the ethnicity of the area and the civilization from the land where the archaeological evidence of each era was discovered. They were created according to the imagination of the choreographers of the dance posture. In addition, The Series of Archaeological Dances are popularly performed on various occasions continuously until present day. ระบ􀄬ำชุดโบรำณคดี เป็นผลงำนสร้ำงสรรค์ด้ำนนำฏศิลป์ของประเทศไทยที่ได้รับแรงบันดำลใจจำกข้อมูลและหลัก ฐำนด้ำนศิลปะโบรำณวัตถุสถำนที่ถูกค้นพบได้ในพื้นที่ประเทศไทย เพื่อต้องกำรให้หลักฐำนโบรำณคดีที่ค้นพบได้ กลับมำมีชีวิตชีวำอีกครั้งในรูปแบบของนำฏศิลป์ โดยใช้ชื่อยุคสมัยทำงศิลปะที่นักวิชำกำรประวัติศำสตร์ระบุไว้ มำ ก􀄬ำหนดเป็นชื่อของกำรแสดงจ􀄬ำนวน 5 ชุด คือ ระบ􀄬ำทวำรวดี ระบ􀄬ำศรีวิชัย ระบ􀄬ำลพบุรี ระบ􀄬ำเชียงแสน และระบ􀄬ำ สุโขทัย กำรแสดงแต่ละชุดเป็นลักษณะแบบเอกเทศ ไม่มีเนื้อหำเกี่ยวข้องกัน จัดแสดงรอบปฐมทัศน์เมื่อวันที่ 25 พฤษภำคม พ.ศ. 2510 ต่อหน้ำพระที่นั่งของในหลวงรัชกำลที่ 9 และพระรำชินีในรัชกำลที่ 9 ในด้ำนกำรเคลื่อนไหว ร่ำงกำยมีเอกลักษณ์ที่สะท้อนควำมเป็นชำติพันธุ์ของพื้นที่และอำรยธรรมดินแดนที่ค้นพบหลักฐำนโบรำณคดีแต่ละ ยุคสมัย ซึ่งใช้รูปแบบกำรสร้ำงสรรค์ของนำฏศิลป์ไทยตำมจินตนำกำรของผู้ประดิษฐ์ท่ำร􀄬ำ นอกจำกนี้ระบ􀄬ำชุด โบรำณคดีได้รับควำมนิยมในกำรจัดแสดงอย่ำงต่อเนื่องในวำระต่ำง ๆ มำจนถึงปัจจุบัน

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN RADIOGRAF GIGI UNTUK KEPENTINGAN IDENTIFIKASI FORENSIK

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Sita Rose Nandiasa ◽  
Bramma Kiswanjaya ◽  
Mindya Yuniastuti
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unique Characteristic ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Helpful Tool ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Digital Radiograph

Background: Tooth has a unique characteristic. Teeth often used for forensic identification especially when the other parts of the body could not gave a difference feature used for identification.Discussion: Tooth is part of the body known for its resistant against external influence making it as an important primary identifier. Dental radiographic can act as a helpful tool in identification process to compare antemortem and postmortem data. Radiograph can give a detail features from the teeth and their surroundings, especially digital radiograph so it can ease the identification process.Conclusion : forensic identification using radiograph can be trusted.

scholarly journals Recognizing Friend and Foe: Biometrics, Veridiction, and the Iraq War

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefka Hristova
Keyword(s):  
Iraq War ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
A Site ◽  
Identification Practices

In analyzing the deployment of biomertics in Iraq, argue that whereas the body was seen as a site of verification in 20th century surveillance and identification practices, in the ongoing War on Terror, and the Iraq War more specifically, it became a site of veridiction - a site in which the truth about the security of the state can be analyzed (Foucault 2008:32). The body thus became the basis for determining not so much one’s unique identity but one’s friendliness to the normative state order. Enemies could thus be identified and confined as a group, and in this process the state could be secured. In the ongoing of the War on Terror, the visual regime of veridiction has been further articulated to the logic of digital technologies in order to categorize an unfamiliar diverse population into a binary simplistic schema consistent of true and false, therefore friend or foe, and thus “go” - allowed to move through the country or “no go” - destined to be detained. In other words, the digitization of veridiction as the primary goal of biometrics is evident in the automation of the recognition method, the conversion of the archive into database, the transition away from the anthropological station onto mobile dispersed data-gathering enterprise, and replacement of scientific expertise with easy-to-use automated intelligence.

Rapid Disaster Victim Identification in Mass Fatality Incidents: Decision-Support Tool to Facilitate Human Remains Identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio de Cosmo ◽  
Joseph A. Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Similarity Score ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Disaster Victim Identification ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Mass Fatality Incidents ◽  
Mass Fatality

ABSTRACTObjectives:A quantitative decision-support tool (DST), using a combination of selected human physical attributes as identification elements, was developed to facilitate body identification in mass fatality incidents, particularly in settings with limited availability of technological resources and forensic expertise.Methods:To construct the DST, the external biological attributes of interest were first selected. A process was then developed to guide collection of the selected categories of attributes and record them into objective antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) records. Finally, a framework for assessing the similarity between confronting PM-AM attribute records was established. The DST evaluates the similarities between each set of like attributes in the AM and PM records being compared. It then computes an overall similarity score for each evaluated AM record that was compared to a selected PM record. The AM record with the highest score represents the highest probable match, with the PM file selected for the comparison.Results:Multiple simulations across a range of mass fatality situations demonstrated the effectiveness of the DST in the experimental setting.Conclusions:The developed DST may provide authorities with a method for expediting body identification without completely eliminating any missing person file from consideration. Under specific circumstances, this method may reduce the need for technologically sophisticated forensic identification techniques (eg, dental records, fingerprints, and DNA). At a minimum, it should facilitate the efficiency of the current technological matching process.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:277–290)

scholarly journals The Effect of Time on Blood Types of ABO Systems on Saliva Spots of Cigarette Butts for Forensic Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Mely Purnadianti ◽  
Mieke Sylvia MAR ◽  
Ahmad Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
Temperature Exposure

The identification process is not only carried out on the body of a victim of a crime, but identification can also be carried out on the evidence evidence found at the crime scene. The timing of a crime case and the time interval for collecting evidence of a crime is an obstacle in the process of identifying blood saliva on cigarette butts. Saliva will dry within an hour and forty minutes at room temperature and with the influence of various other factors saliva will dry in less than three hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the duration of temperature exposure on the protein levels of cigarette saliva in order to help the identification process of forensic blood groups. The time series design was used in this study where 18 filter cigarette butts were collected from 6 individuals who were subjected to research with blood types A, B and AB then incubated 1.3 and 6 hours. Examination of protein content was carried out using trizol reagent with UV spectrophotometer reading. The data was processed using non-parametric T-test statistics. There was a decrease in salivary levels in a predetermined time of 1, 3 and 6 hours. Cigarette butt saliva protein levels can still be detected within 1, 3 and 6 hours so that they can be used to help identify the forensic blood group from cigarette butt saliva.

scholarly journals Dentition and body condition: tooth wear as a correlate of weight loss in roe deer

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Chirichella ◽  
Anna Maria De Marinis ◽  
Boštjan Pokorny ◽  
Marco Apollonio
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
The Body ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Mandible Length

Abstract Background In many mammalian species, once the permanent teeth have erupted, the only change to dentition is a gradual loss of tooth surface/height through wear. The crown of the teeth cannot be repaired once worn. When dental crown tissue has been depleted due to wear, the animal is expected to have a suboptimal body condition. We evaluated the role of tooth wear in causing a reduction of physical condition in adult roe deer females (Capreolus capreolus). Results The progressive wearing of the lower cheek teeth was assessed in a Northern Apennines (Italy) population with a new scoring scheme based on objectively described tooth characteristics (morphotypes) being either present or absent. Eviscerated body mass and mandible length, which is a good proxy for body size in roe deer, were related to the tooth wear score by the use of linear regressions. The sum of wear scores for molariform teeth correlated most strongly with body condition (i.e., eviscerated body mass/mandible length), showing the importance of the entire chewing surface for acquiring energy by food comminution, chewing, and digestion. In comparison with individuals of comparable size experiencing minor tooth wear, the body mass of those with the most advanced stage of tooth wear was decreased by 33.7%. This method was compared to the height and the hypsodonty index of the first molar, the most commonly used indices of tooth wear. The sum of molariform wear scoring scheme resulted in a more suitable index to describe the variation in body condition of roe deer. Conclusions Describing tooth wear patterns in hunted populations and monitoring at which tooth wear level (and therefore dental morphotype) an animal is no longer able to sustain its physical condition (i.e. when it begins to lose body mass) can be a useful tool for improving the management of the most widespread and abundant deer species in Europe. At the same time, such an approach can clarify the role of tooth wear as a proximate cause of senescence in ungulates.

Part III Organs Monitoring Treaty Compliance, 11 The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byrnes Andrew
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Treaty Compliance ◽  
Treaty Body

This chapter examines the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), a body of independent experts assigned the task of monitoring states’ efforts to fulfil their obligations under the CEDAW Convention. The principal basis for monitoring was to be the submission and review of reports submitted regularly by States parties. The chapter then addresses the work of CEDAW and its contribution to making the guarantees of the Convention a reality. An assessment of the record of a treaty body such as CEDAW must take into account, among other factors, the mandate of the body, the expertise and commitment of its members, the political and international legal context of its work, the resources available to it, the efficiency and effectiveness of its procedures, and the quality and impact of its output.

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