scholarly journals Role of Dental Hard Tissue in Human Identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Niharika Swain ◽  
Shilpa Patel ◽  
Jigna Pathak ◽  
Priyadarshani R Sarkate ◽  
Nikita K Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Dental Hard Tissue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dental Evidence

ABSTRACT Ethnologic identification is one of the major demanding subjects to facilitate human has been encountered with. The forensic magnitude of the dental tissue has been well predictable since teeth are hardest of all human tissues and they can be conserved undamaged for an extensive episode of instance following fatality. They are constant chemically and they retain their characteristics, which becomes a consistent source for determination of human identification. The study of the dental hard and soft tissue for the rationale of establishing the individuality of a victim is called dental profiling. By using the dental profiling techniques, age, gender, and race of an individual can be determined, as well as the data about their socioeconomic status, personal habits, oral and systemic health, occupation, diet, familial relationship, and psychological characteristics. A dental profile is more detailed and reliable if more than one technique is applied. Each human being possesses a unique dental profile that helps them in identification. Education in the field of forensic odontology and techniques of dental profiling is essential since it contributes significantly to the status of the dental profession in additional associated disciplines as well as in public, and it encourages dentists to view their own achievements from a wider perspective. Through the ages, odontological examinations have been a critical determinant in the search of human identity. This piece of review writing gives an overview of the dental evidence and its use in forensic identification. How to cite this article: Sahu NK, Patel S, Pathak J, et al. Role of Dental Hard Tissue in Human Identification. J Contemp Dent 2019;9(3):130–134.

Age determination and the importance of teeth in forensic odontology: A retrospective review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sam
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Dental Maturity

Because of illegal immigrations, particularly after the so called Arab spring and the growing incidence of natural and man-made disasters which regrettably was very common in the last three to four decades, age determination has gained increasing importance in legal medicine. Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry which deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the interest of justice. There are various methods are used in Dentistry as an Evidence in Forensic Identification. Dental maturity, have a very imperative position in the assessment of age in children and adolescents forensic examinations. As time passes, with the increase in human greed and aspirations to conquer more and more nations in the false name of ‘removal of the dictators’ and the ‘forceful imposition of imported western democracy’ that has produced devastating results in the middle east and ultimately resulting in illegal mass immigration occurring towards Europe, eventually resulting in increase of crime and other legal and illegal activities, Forensic odontology as a branch in dentistry will continue to play its important role in legal medicine.

scholarly journals Dental Evidence in Forensic Identification – An Overview, Methodology and Present Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Arun K Garg
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Disaster Victim Identification ◽  
Dental Identification ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Mass Murders

Forensic odontology is primarily concerned with the use of teeth and oral structures for identification in a legal context. Various forensic odontology techniques help in the identification of the human remains in incidents such as terrorists’ attacks, airplane, train and road accidents, fires, mass murders, and natural disasters such as tsunamis, earth quakes and floods, etc. (Disaster Victim Identification-DVI). Dental structures are the hardest and well protected structures in the body. These structures resist decomposition and high temperatures and are among the last ones to disintegrate after death. The principal basis of the dental identification lies in the fact that no two oral cavities are alike and the teeth are unique to an individual. The dental evidence of the deceased recovered from the scene of crime/occurrence is compared with the ante-mortem records for identification. Dental features such as tooth morphology, variations in shape and size, restorations, pathologies, missing tooth, wear patterns, crowding of the teeth, colour and position of the tooth, rotations and other peculiar dental anomalies give every individual a unique identity. In absence of ante-mortem dental records for comparison, the teeth can help in the determination of age, sex, race/ethnicity, habits, occupations, etc. which can give further clues regarding the identity of the individuals. This piece of writing gives an overview of dental evidence, its use in forensic identification and its limitations.

scholarly journals “Review on Forensic Odonto-Stomatology”

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Vidya Kadashetti ◽  
Shivakumar KM
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dental Evidence

Forensic Odontology has become an integral part of forensic medicine over the past decadesthat utilize dental tissue findings to serve the judicial system. Dental tissues remains can be usedfor identification as using them are cost effective, reliable and fast. Forensic odontology is abranch of dentistry that analyzes dental evidence to overlap the dental and legal profession. Thetooth has been used as weapons and under certain circumstances, may leave information aboutthe identity of the biter, age estimation and gender determination. Dentists have a major role toplay in keeping accurate dental records and providing all necessary information so that legalauthorities may recognize mal practice, negligence, fraud or abuse, and identity of unknownindividuals. This paper will try to summarize the various roles of dental experts in forensicmedicine. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.17-23

Awareness Regarding Dental Charting and Dental Records in Human Identification Amongst Dental Practitioners: A Questionnaire Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3085-3087
Author(s):  
Areej Sulaima ◽  
Abu Khalid ◽  
Mohammad Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Victim Identification ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Dental Records

Forensic odontology plays a significant role in victim identification among the disasters of multiple fatalities or various murders or burns. It requires adequate teeth remains after the accident and dental records availability to succeed. Purpose: To evaluate the Awareness level of the role of dental charting and dental records in human identification amongst Saudi dental practitioners. Study Design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Methodology: Present study enrolled 200 participants involving both genders. A self-administered questionnaire related to role of charting dental anomalies in human identification was uploaded online. Informed written consent was taken. Unwilling participants were excluded. Tatistical Analysis: The responses were carried out using the “pivot tables” option in Microsoft Excel (2016). Results: A total of 200 participants completed the survey male participants 74 (37%) were less than female participants 126 (63%). Almost 70% of respondents think that maintaining dental records/files can be forensically or medico-legally important. Low of knowledge was evident in different aspects of forensic dentistry.54%think teeth can be used as a primary source of identification of an individual (like DNA or fingerprints) while 46% considered it not. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was poor awareness among the dental practitioners and the poor of awareness can lead to improper human identification. Key Words: Forensic Odontology, Awearness, Attitude and Dental Practices.

scholarly journals Contribution of a Prosthodontist in the Field of Forensic Odontology

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
MR Dhakshaini ◽  
Ashish Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Developmental Anomalies ◽  
Latin Word ◽  
Dental Anatomy ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
Dental Evidence

ABSTRACT Dental records and forensic odontology is in use to identify victims. The earliest known example by dental means dates back to 66 AD. It relies on sound knowledge of teeth and jaws, possessed by dentist and incorporates dental anatomy, histology, radiography, dental materials and developmental anomalies. Forensic is derived from the latin word ‘forum’ which means ‘court of law’. Odontology → study of teeth. Defined as that branch of dentistry which, in the interest of justice, deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence, and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings. Role of prosthodontist to identify and maintain dental records is becoming increasingly important. How to cite this article Dhakshaini MR, Satpathy A. Contribution of a Prosthodontist in the Field of Forensic Odontology. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(2):56-59.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights under the 2010 Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Bonolo Ramadi Dinokopila ◽  
Rhoda Igweta Murangiri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
National Human ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This article examines the transformation of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and discusses the implications of such transformation on the promotion and protection of human rights in Kenya. The article is an exposition of the powers of the Commission and their importance to the realisation of the Bill of Rights under the 2010 Kenyan Constitution. This is done from a normative and institutional perspective with particular emphasis on the extent to which the UN Principles Relating to the Status of National Institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles, 1993) have been complied with. The article highlights the role of national human rights commissions in transformative and/or transitional justice in post-conflict Kenya. It also explores the possible complementary relationship(s) between the KNCHR and other Article 59 Commissions for the better enforcement of the bill of rights.

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