scholarly journals The Effect of Age, Gender, Refractive Status and Axial Length on the Measurements of Hertel Exophthalmometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Karti ◽  
Ozlem B Selver ◽  
Eyyup Karahan ◽  
Mehmet O Zengin ◽  
Murat Uyar
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Refractive Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Healthy Females

Purpose : To evaluate the normal distribution of exophthalmometric values in Turkish adult population and the effect of age, gender, refractive status and axial length on globe position. Methods : One hundred and twenty-two males and 114 healthy females with age ranging from 18 to 87 years were included in the study. The study population was recruited from patients presenting to our institution for routine refractive examination. Hertel exophthalmometer was used to measure the degree of ocular protrusion. Effect of age, refractive error, interpupillary distance, and axial length on globe position was detected with linear regression analyses. Results : The mean Hertel exophthalmometric size was 15.7+2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm). The mean value for males was 16.1±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm), and for females 15.5±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 20 mm). The mean distance between the lateral rims of the orbit was 102 + 5.1 mm (range; 88 to 111mm). The mean exophthalmometric values were not statistically different in males and females. Age and mean spherical equivalents were negatively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements. Axial length was positively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements. Conclusion : The exophthalmometric measurement of the eye is affected by the age, spherical equivalent and the axial length. Standard normative values of the Hertel exophthalmometric measurements should be reevaluated with larger samples.

scholarly journals a comparative analysis of canthal index of ekowe indigenes, bayelsa state

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Timipa Richard Ogoun ◽  
Tobia P.S S ◽  
Aye T T
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predictive Study

Human body parts are useful in the predictive study of the unknown. The aim of this study is to know the normative values of the canthi of the Ekowe people. Measurements such as inner and outer canthal distances were carried out. The mean value of the innercanthal distance for males and females are 3.55±0.58 and 3.43±0.52. The mean outer canthal distance for male and female is 13.91±0.84 and 13.62±0.76. The canthal index for male and female is 25.59±4.54 and 25.30±4.03. Sexual dimorphism exists and statistical significant difference was noticed in the outer canthal distance between the males and females (P˂0.05). This study has provided us with normative reference values of inner and outer canthal distances and canthal index for the Ekowe Population which is import to the health care givers, Anatomist, ophthalmic industry and anthropologist

scholarly journals Congenital and developmental cataract surgery with undercorrected Intraocular lens (IOL) power implantation targeting emmetropia at 8 years of age and post-operative refractive status

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Kabindra Bajracharya ◽  
Anjita Hirachan ◽  
Kriti Joshi ◽  
Bimala Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
Refractive Status ◽  
Developmental Cataract ◽  
Iol Power ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: In congenital and developmental cataract primary undercorrection of intraocular lens (IOL) power is a common practice. However, long-term refractive status of these children is largely unknown. Aims and Objective: To analyse refractive status after cataract surgery with undercorrected IOL power implantation in congenital and developmental cataract. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive, retrospective conducted for three years from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2015. The children (> 6 months to <=7 years of age) who underwent cataract surgery for congenital and developmental cataract with a primary IOL implantation and had reached the age of 8 years were studied. The data were collected in terms of demography, axial length, biometry, IOL implanted, hyperopic correction and postoperative refractive status at 8 years. Results: Total numbers of children operated were 181 with total eyes 288. Unilateral cases were 74 (40.88%) and bilateral 107 (59.12%). Male were 121 (66.85%) and female were 60 (33.15%) with male is to female ratio of 2:1. Right eye was involved in 152 (52.8%) and left eye 136 (47.2%). The mean axial length at the age of one year was 20.75 mm, and gradually increased as age increased which was 22.47 mm at 6 years. The mean biometry was 27.9 diopter (D) at the age of one year which gradually decreased as age increased. Of the total 288 congenital cataract operated, complete follow-up documents were available for 77 (26.74%) eyes up to 8 years which showed emmetropia achieved in 25.97%, myopia in 28.57% and hypermetropia in 45.45%. Conclusion: Primary IOL implantation with hyperopic correction is accepted practice in congenital and developmental cataract. Emmetropia can be achieved however some hyperopic or myopic refractive status at the age of 8 years is not a surprise. Myopic shift continues as the age increases. Parent awareness for early detection and surgery, optical correction and regular follow-up are essential for good outcome.

Objective cyclodeviation measurement in normal subjects by means of Cyclocheck® application

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212090531
Author(s):  
Justyna Simiera ◽  
Agata Joanna Ordon ◽  
Piotr Loba
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Muscle Balance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To evaluate the range of cyclodeviation in normal individuals by means of Cyclocheck® application recently designed by the authors and freely available at www.cyclocheck.com . Methods: Healthy subjects with normal muscle balance, best-corrected visual acuity of ⩾0.8, and stereopsis on Randot charts of ⩽100 s of arc were included in the study. Two separate digital fundus photographs were taken of each eye of every patient. The disk-foveal angle was calculated using the Cyclocheck® application. The average result of the disk-foveal angle measurements were considered for data analysis. Results: A total of 131 patients met inclusion criteria for the study population. The mean value of the disk-foveal angle in the whole study group (both right and left eye) was 6.39° ± 2.72° with 5.26° ± 2.56° (range from −0.4° to 12.55°) in the right eye and 7.52° ± 2.39° (range from 1.25° to 12.76°) in the left eye. The mean value of the disk-foveal angle of the left eye was greater by 2.26° than that of the right eye. Conclusion: Cyclocheck® software allows easy assessment of cyclodeviation. Normal individuals present with a positive value of the disk-foveal angle with a certain spread of the results. The analysis of obtained measurements revealed a significant asymmetry between both eyes with the left eye being more excyclodeviated in an otherwise orthotropic population, which remains a subject for further investigations.

Abstract 19572: Elevated PETCO2 During Cardiac Resuscitation Without Return of Spontaneous Circulation

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Hypes ◽  
Dan Spaite ◽  
Tyler Vadeboncoeur ◽  
Ryan A Murphy ◽  
Chengcheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cpr Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal

Background: Quantitative End-Tidal CO2 (PETCO2) measurement during cardiac arrest is recommended for monitoring the CPR quality to detect ROSC. While low ETC02 can reflect suboptimal CPR quality and increases in ETC02 are often associated with ROSC the significance of high values of PETCO2 without ROSC remain unclear. Objectives: To describe the population of OHCA victims with high PETCO2 (>50 mm Hg) during ongoing resuscitation including demographics, rhythm characteristics, occurrence of ROSC, the later occurrence of field termination of resuscitation and the presumed etiology. Methods: An observational analysis of adult OHCAs with available PETCO2 data occurring between Oct 2010 and Nov 2014 at two sites involved in the Save Hearts in Arizona Registry and Education (SHARE) quality improvement program. CPR and PETCO2 data were recorded using ZOLL E and X Series EMS monitors. PETCO2 is reported as the mean value for each minute. The cardiac rhythm and the presence of ROSC were determined for each minute using EMS provider reports, vital signs, ECG, and accelerometer data. The first recorded minute of PETCO2 and minutes with ROSC were excluded. Results: Study population included 654 OHCAs with PETCO2 data, 96 cases (58% male, age median 65 (IQR 54-75)) with at least 1 min of high PETCO2 in the absence of ROSC were identified. Of these, 31 (32%) had ROSC at least once during their resuscitation. Cases were of presumed cardiac etiology in 81 (84%), while 12% and 4% had presumed respiratory and other etiologies, respectively. A total of 322 minutes of PETCO2 >50 mm Hg in the absence of ROSC were identified. The mean PETC02 value was 67 (IQR 54-75). Of these 296 minutes (92%) occurred during PEA. Despite high PETCO2, resuscitation was terminated in the field in 21 (22%) patients. Only one subject survived to hospital discharge. Conclusions: In this observational study, high PETCO2 was frequently found during resuscitation without ROSC and PEA was the most common cardiac rhythm. Further study is warranted to determine the significance and possible reasons for this finding.

ENDEMIC GOITER IN PEDREGOSO (Chile)

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barzelatto ◽  
C. Beckers ◽  
C. Stevenson ◽  
E. Covarrubias ◽  
A. Gianetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Tendon Reflex ◽  
Thyroid Uptake ◽  
Labelled Compound ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A survey on goiter was carried out in Pedregoso, an isolated Indian Reservation in the Chilean Andes. A palpable goitre was present in 84 per cent of the adult population. All subjects were clinically euthyroid and had a normal contraction time of the Achilles tendon reflex. The mean value for serum PBI was 5.06 μg/100 ml, with 22% of the cases having values below 4 μg. Iodine deficiency was established by its low concentration in drinking water (0.35 μg/liter) and in the urine (33 μg/24 h). Radioiodine studies showed an average thyroid uptake of 68% at 24 h with a tendency to increase directly with thyroid size and to decrease with age. Serum labelled PBI reflected different radioiodine turnover rates, highest values being more frequent in large nodular goitres. Triiodothyronine (T3) suppression tests were negative in about one-third of the goitrous subjects. Perchlorate tests and antithyroid antibodies determinations consistently gave negative results. Thyroxine (T4) was always the main labelled compound, T3 being significantly present in 9 out of 22 cases. Up to 18% of the circulating radioiodine at 48 h was not butanol-extractable, and appeared in the initial fraction of column chromatography analysis. Six out of 58 cases also showed endogenously labelled diiodotyrosine (DIT), which constituted up to 10% of the total circulating radioiodine at 48 h. After intravenous injection of a tracer dose labelled DIT, 5.8 per cent ± 0.51 of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine within 2 h. The highest values were observed in the largest goitres. The extra-thyroid organic iodine compartment was investigated after the injection of labelled T4 and T3. An increase in fractional turnover rate was always observed associated with an increase in the thyroxine distribution space.

scholarly journals Odontoid process inclination in normal adults and in an adult population with Chiari malformation Type I

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Besachio ◽  
Ziyad Khaleel ◽  
Lubdha M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chiari Malformation Type I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

OBJECT Posterior odontoid process inclination has been demonstrated as a factor associated with Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) in the pediatric population; however, no studies to date have examined this measurement in the adult CM-I population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate craniocervical junction (CCJ) measurements in adult CM-I versus a control group. METHODS The odontoid retroflexion, odontoid retroversion, odontoid height, posterior basion to C-2 line measured to the dural margin (pB-C2 line), posterior basion to C-2 line measured to the dorsal odontoid cortical margin (pB-C2* line), and clivus-canal angle measurements were retrospectively analyzed in adult patients with CM-I using MRI. These measurements were compared with normative values established from CT scans of the cervical spine in adults without CM-I. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found between 55 adults with CM-I and 150 sex-matched controls (125 used for analysis) in the mean clivus-canal angle and the mean pB-C2 line. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that there are sex-specific differences with respect to measurements at the CCJ between men and women, with women showing a more posteriorly inclined odontoid process. There were also differences between the CM-I and control groups: a more acute clivus-canal angle was associated with CM-I in the adult population. These CCJ findings could have an influence on presurgical planning.

An observation of umbilical coiling index in a low risk population in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikelomo T. Adesina ◽  
Olumuyiwa A. Ogunlaja ◽  
Adebunmi O. Olarinoye ◽  
Abiodun P. Aboyeji ◽  
Halimat J. Akande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Umbilical Coiling Index ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Cord Length ◽  
Gross Examination

Abstract Objectives: The umbilical coiling index (UCI) is one of cord parameters for foetal assessment with limited studies in our environment. With recent advances in its evaluation, its significance, pattern, abnormalities and correlates need to be defined in our parturients. Methods: The umbilical cords of 436 neonates were examined. Gross examination was done within 5 min of delivery. The UCI was defined as the number of complete coils per centimetre of cord. Normal UCI was defined as values between the 10th and 90th percentiles of the study population. Results: The mean umbilical cord length was 52.7±11.5 cm, mean number of coils was 10.8±5.1 and mean UCI was 0.21±0.099. The range was between 0.0 and 1.0. UCI values of 0.13 and 0.30 were 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. Normal UCI was observed in 351 (80.5%) neonates, 44 (10.4%) and 41 (9.1%) had hypo- and hypercoiled cords, respectively. Congenital abnormalities occurred in the normocoiled and hypercoiled groups but was not demonstrated in the hypocoiled group. The mean value of UCI in neonates with congenital abnormalities was 0.29±0.12 (P=0.011). There was no significant statistical relationship between foetal outcome and degree of UCI. Conclusion: The UCI was not associated with adverse perinatal outcome in this study.

scholarly journals Comparisons among old and new provocative tests of GH secretion in 178 normal adults

2000 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Aimaretti ◽  
C Baffoni ◽  
L DiVito ◽  
S Bellone ◽  
S Grottoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Normal Adults

Classical provocative stimuli of GH secretion such as insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, arginine, clonidine, glucagon and levodopa have been widely used in clinical practice for approximately 30 years. On the other hand, in the last 10 years new potent stimuli of GH secretion have been proposed, but an extensive comparison with the classical ones has rarely been performed, at least in adults. In order to compare the GH-releasing activity of old and new provocative stimuli of GH secretion, and to define the normative values of the GH response, in 178 normal adults (95 males, 83 females; age range: 20-50 years, all within +/-15% of their ideal body weight), we studied the GH response to: insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (ITT, 0.1IU/kg i.v.), arginine (ARG, 0.5g/kg i.v.), clonidine (CLO, 300 microg/kg p.o.), glucagon (GLU, 1mg i.m.), pyridostigmine (PD, 120mg p.o.), galanin (GAL, 80pmol/kg per min), GH-releasing hormone (GHRH, 1 microg/kg i.v.), GHRH+ARG, GHRH+PD, hexarelin, a GH-releasing protein (HEX, 2 microg/kg i.v.) and GHRH+HEX (0.25 microg/kg i.v.). The mean (+/-s.e.m.) peak GH response to ITT (21.8+/-2.8, range: 3.0-84.0 microg/l) was similar to those to ARG (18.0+/-1.6, range: 2.9-39.5 microg/l) or GLU (20. 5+/-2.2, range: 10.6-36.9 microg/l) which, in turn, were higher (P<0. 001) than those to CLO (8.2+/-1.6, range: 0.3-21.5 microg/l), PD (9. 6+/-1.1, range: 2.2-33.0 microg/l) and GAL (9.3+/-1.1, range: 3.9-18. 3 microg/l). The GH response to GHRH (19.1+/-1.5, range: 2.7-55.0 microg/l) was similar to those after ITT, ARG or GLU but clearly lower than those after GHRH+ARG (65.9+/-5.5, range: 13.8-171.0 microg/l) and GHRH+PD (50.2+/-4.6, range: 17.7-134.5 microg/l) which, in turn, were similar. The GH response to HEX (55.3+/-5.5, range: 13.9-163.5 microg/l) was similar to those after GHRH+ARG and GHRH+PD but lower (P<0.001) than that after GHRH+HEX (86.0+/-4.3, range: 49. 0-125.0 microg/l) which was the most potent stimulus of GH secretion. In this adult population the third centile limits of peak GH response to various stimuli were the following: ITT: 5.3; ARG: 2.9; CLO: 1.5; GLU: 7.6; PD: 2.2; GAL: 4.0; GHRH: 5.0; GHRH+ARG: 17.8; GHRH+PD: 17.9; HEX: 21.6; GHRH+HEX: 57.1. These results confirm that, among classical provocative tests of GH secretion, ITT followed by ARG and GLU are the most potent ones and possess clear limits of normality. GHRH+ARG or PD and HEX are strong stimuli of GH secretion which, however, is maximally stimulated by a combination of GHRH and a low dose of HEX. It is recommended that each test is used with appropriate cut-off limits.

scholarly journals Skull Base Angle Morphometry in South Indian Population with Review on Terminology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeramani Raveendranath ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Dash ◽  
Krishnan Nagarajan ◽  
Thangaraj Kavitha ◽  
Srinidhi Swathi
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Basal Angle ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle are frequently used in diagnosing the craniometric angle malformations either on radiography or now more on MRI. But anatomic and clinical studies have used varied terms for these parameters. We aimed to look for these parameters among a normal south Indian adult population to standardize the measurements and their terminology. Materials and Methods One hundred MRI images (50 males and 50 female) were studied retrospectively. MRI images that were reported as normal by neuroradiologist were taken up for the study. Mean and the standard deviation of males and females were calculated for basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle, separately. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genders. The intraclass coefficient correlation was used to analyze the interobserver variability. Results The mean value of basal angle in males and females are 113°and 114°, respectively. The mean value of Boogaard’s angle in males and females are 120°and 121°, respectively. The mean value of clival angle in males and females are 157°and 155°, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between males and females in all three angles. Conclusion Knowledge about the normal angles will be an important tool in understanding the normal and abnormal skull base. Since the type of skull varies in accordance with race, the normal craniometric angle also varies in accordance with race. The present study tried to standardize the parameters of normal skull base angles for appropriate correction of the anomalies and uniform usage of terminology.

scholarly journals Survey of Interpupillary Distance in Egyptian People

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Elrazky ◽  
T M Abdallah ◽  
M M Roshdy ◽  
Y A T Farweez
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Interpupillary Distance ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Spectacle Frame ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Wire

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to report normative values and ranges of interpupillary distance (IPD) in Egyptian people. Methods This study included 83 healthy subjects; 41 males and 42 females presented with refractive errors to the outpatient clinic of Elshiekh-Zaid specialized hospital in Cairo. After complete ophthalmic evaluation, far IPD measurements were performed using an autorefractometer (Speedy-1, Nikon, Japan), graded ruler (401 A5 stainless hardened, Japan), spectacle frame with two cross-wire lenses (universal trial frame, Carejoy, China). Near IPD measurements were performed using the graded ruler and the spectacle frame. Results Mean age of the study population was 35.1±8.0 years (range 20-50). The mean IPD for far was found to be 64.1±3.7 mm (range 56-72) by autorefractometer (p &lt; 0.001), 63.9±3.7 mm (range 56-72) by PD ruler (p &lt; 0.001), and 62.9±3.7 mm (range 55-71) by frame (p &lt; 0.001). The mean IPD for near was found to be 61.9±3.7 mm (range 54-70) by PD ruler (p &lt; 0.001), and 61.0±3.6 mm (range 53-68) by frame (p &lt; 0.001). The mean IPD value was observed to be significantly higher among males (p &lt; 0.001). Far and near IPD difference by PD ruler was 2.0±0.5 mm (p &lt; 0.001) and by frame was 1.9±0.6 mm (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion The current study showed normative data on far IPD and near IPD by different methods in Egyptian people. Our study showed that sex and age had significant effects on IPD. Knowledge of normal values in this population may be useful in studying orbito-cranial growth patterns, syndrome diagnosis, surgical management of cranio-facial deformities and trauma, and manufactures of optical frames and lenses.

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