scholarly journals Regional Parieto-occipital Hypoperfusion on Arterial Spin Labeling Associates with Major Depressive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Shingo Kihira ◽  
Clara Koo ◽  
Kambiz Nael ◽  
Puneet Belani
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Occipital Lobes

Background: Reduced cerebral blood flow in parieto-occipital regions has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders using ASL. We aimed to investigate neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative comorbidities that may associate with parieto-occipital region hypoperfusion. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study. Between March 2017 to May 2018, adult patients who underwent brain MRI with the inclusion of ASL perfusion and who had bilateral reductions of CBF in the parieto-occipital regions were included. ASL was performed using a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) technique on 1.5T MR system. Age and gender-matched patients with no perfusion defect were concurrently collected. Comorbidity data was collected from EMR, including major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. A Pearson’s Chi-Square test was performed to assess for comorbidities associated with hypoperfusion of the parieto-occipital lobes. Results: Our patient cohort consisted of 93 patients with bilateral hypoperfusion in the parieto-occipital lobes and 93 age and gender-matched patients without corresponding perfusion defects based on ASL-CBF. Among the comorbidities assessed, there was a statistically significant association between hypoperfusion of the parieto-occipital lobes and major depressive disorder (p=0.004) and Parkinson’s disease (p=0.044). There was no statistically significant association for Alzheimer’s disease, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Major depressive disorder may be linked to regional parieto-occipital hypoperfusion on ASL.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Modulate the Neural Circuitry Supporting Facial Emotion Processing in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Briceño ◽  
Lisa J. Rapport ◽  
Michelle T. Kassel ◽  
Linas A. Bieliauskas ◽  
Jon-Kar Zubieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Facial Emotion Processing ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals A Network Analysis of Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms and Age- and Gender-Related Differences in People over 65 in a Madrid Community Sample (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8934
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Castellanos ◽  
Berta Ausín ◽  
Sara Bestea ◽  
Clara González-Sanguino ◽  
Manuel Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent conditions among mental disorders in individuals over 65 years. People over 65 who suffer from MDD are often functionally impaired, chronically physically ill, and express cognitive problems. The concordance between a clinician-assessed MDD diagnosis in a primary care setting and MDD assessed with a structured clinical interview in older adults is only approximately 18%. Network analysis may provide an alternative statistical technique to better understand MDD in this population by a dimensional approach to symptomatology. The aim of this study was to carry out a network analysis of major depressive disorder (MDD) in people over 65 years old. A symptom network analysis was conducted according to age and gender in 555 people over 65, using a sample from the MentDis_ICF65+ Study. The results revealed different networks for men and women, and for the age groups 65–74 and 75–84. While depressive mood stood out in women, in men the network was more dispersed with fatigue or loss of energy and sleep disturbances as the main symptoms. In the 65–74 age group, the network was complex; however, in the 75–84 age group, the network was simpler with sleep disturbances as the central symptom. The gaps between the networks indicate the different characteristics of MDD in the elderly, with variations by gender and age, supporting the idea that MDD is a complex dynamic system that has unique characteristics in each person, rather than a prototypical classification with an underlying mental disorder. These unique characteristics can be taken into account in the clinical practice for detection and intervention of MDD.

scholarly journals Employment and earnings trajectories before and after sickness absence due to major depressive disorder: a nationwide case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106660
Author(s):  
Christian Hakulinen ◽  
Petri Böckerman ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽  
Marianna Virtanen ◽  
Marko Elovainio
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Earnings Losses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesTo examine employment and earnings trajectories before and after the first sickness absence period due to major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsAll individuals (n=158 813) in Finland who had a first sickness absence period (lasting longer than 9 days) due to MDD between 2005 and 2015 were matched with one randomly selected individual of the same age and gender with no history of MDD. Employment status and earnings were measured using register-based data annually from 2005 to 2015. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine the trajectories of employment and earnings before and after MDD diagnosis in men and women separately.ResultsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with increased probability of non-employment during and after the year of the first sickness absence period. In men, but not in women, the probability of being employed was lower 5 years before the sickness absence period due to MDD. When compared with the individuals in the control group, men had around 34% and women 15% lower earnings 1 year, and 40% and 23%, respectively, 5 years, after the first sickness absence period due to MDD. More severe MDD and longer duration of sickness absence period were associated with lower probability of being employed.ConclusionsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with considerable reduction in employment and earnings losses. For men and individuals with more severe MDD, this reduction was before the first sickness period. This supports a reciprocal association between employment and earnings with MDD.

scholarly journals Supportive Text Messaging versus Supportive E-mail Messaging for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Randomized Hybrid Type II Effectiveness-Implementation Trial Protocol (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medard Adu ◽  
Reham Shalaby ◽  
Ejemai Eboreime ◽  
Adegboyega Sapara ◽  
Nnamdi Nkire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Supportive Messages ◽  
E Mail

BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) accounts for 40·5% of disability-adjusted life years caused by mental and substance use disorders. Barriers such as stigma, financial and physical access to care have been reported, highlighting need for innovative, accessible and cost-effective psychological interventions. The effectiveness of supportive text messaging in alleviating depression symptoms has been proven in clinical trials, but this approach can only those with active cell phones. Consequently, this study seeks to evaluate the feasibility, comparative effectiveness, and user satisfaction of daily supportive daily e-mail messaging as an effective strategy compared to daily supportive text messaging, as part of treatment of patients with MDD. OBJECTIVE The Supportive Text versus Email Messaging (STEM) trial aims to evaluate comparatively the implementation and impact of two implementation strategies (text messaging and email messaging) for delivering supportive messages to patients with MDD. METHODS This trial will be carried out using a type II implementation-effectiveness hybrid trial. This design evaluates the effectiveness of an implementation strategy or intervention, while also evaluating the implementation context associated with the intervention. In this innovative pilot trial, patients with MDD receiving usual care will be randomized to receive either daily supportive email messaging or daily supportive text messaging of the same content for six months. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 scale and the WHO (Five) Well-Being Index will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of both strategies. Implementation evaluation will be guided by the Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance (RE_AIM) framework, as well as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). All outcome measures will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Data collection for this trial began in April 2021. We expect the study results to be available within 18 months of study commencement. The study results will shed light on the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of using automated emails as a strategy for delivering supportive messages to patients with MDD, in comparison to text messaging. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of this trial will have translational impact on routine patient care, access to mental health as well as potentially support mental health policy decision making for healthcare resource allocation. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04638231

CORRECTION: "Text Messaging Versus Email Messaging to Support Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Hybrid Type II Effectiveness-Implementation Trial" (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Agyapong ◽  
Medard Adu ◽  
Reham Shalaby ◽  
Ejemai Eboreime ◽  
Adegboyega Sapara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
World Health ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Study Results

BACKGROUND Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) accounts for 40.5% of disability-adjusted life-years caused by mental and substance use disorders. Barriers such as stigma and financial and physical access to care have been reported, highlighting the need for innovative, accessible, and cost-effective psychological interventions. The effectiveness of supportive SMS text messaging in alleviating depression symptoms has been proven in clinical trials, but this approach can only help those with mobile phones. OBJECTIVE Objective: This paper presents the protocol for a study that will aim to evaluate the feasibility, comparative effectiveness, and user satisfaction of daily supportive email messaging as an effective strategy compared to daily supportive text messaging as part of the treatment of patients with MDD. METHODS Methods: This trial will be carried out using a hybrid type II implementation-effectiveness design. This design evaluates the effectiveness of an implementation strategy or intervention, while also evaluating the implementation context associated with the intervention. Patients with MDD receiving usual care will be randomized to receive either daily supportive email messaging or daily supportive text messaging of the same content for 6 months. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of both strategies. The implementation evaluation will be guided by the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework, as well as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. All outcome measures will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Results: Data collection for this trial began in April 2021. We expect the study results to be available within 18 months of study commencement. The results will shed light on the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of using automated emails as a strategy for delivering supportive messages to patients with MDD in comparison to text messaging. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: The outcome of this trial will have a translational impact on routine patient care and access to mental health, as well as potential support mental health policy decision-making for health care resource allocation CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04638231; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04638231 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/29495

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