scholarly journals Predicting Truck At-Fault Crashes Using Crash and Traffic Offence Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Rezapour ◽  
Shaun S. Wulff ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
History Of

Introduction:The number of truck-related injuries and deaths can be reduced by understanding the factors that contribute to the higher risk of truck-related crashes and violations. Truck drivers are at fault of more than 80% of all the truck crashes on Wyoming interstates, and the literature review indicated that in order to identify appropriate countermeasure to crashes, each crash type should be analyzed individually. The literature review also revealed that relationships exist between driving records and driver culpability in crashes.Method:This study employed two approaches to identify contributory factors to truck-at-fault fatal and injury crashes, and truck-related violations. Interstate 80, a Wyoming corridor in a mountainous area with one of the highest truck crash rates in the US, was selected as a case study. Only truck-at-fault crashes and specific types of truck-related violations were considered in this study. The analyses include two approaches. First, the logistic regression model was employed to explore vehicle, driver, crash, and environmental characteristics that contribute to truck-at-fault fatal and injury crashes. Second, truck violations were used as a proxy for truck crashes to examine the tendency to violate truck-related traffic laws in relation to driver and temporal characteristics. Based on the literature, only violations associated with higher risk of severe crashes were included in the analyses. The included violations accounted for more than 70% of all the violations.Result:This study considered more than 30 variables and found that only 10 variables impact truck-at-fault crashes. These factors included: gender, history of past violation, crashes involving multiple vehicles, exceeding the speed limit, occupant distraction, driver ejection, fatigued driving, non-seat belt usage, overturn, and head-on collision. Results of the second analysis indicated that both residency and time of crash are factors that impact truck-related violations. Results of the analysis also indicated that both residency and time of the crash are factors that impact truck-related violations.

Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage: A Case Study on US Latina/o Archives and Digital Humanities

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Gabriela Baeza Ventura ◽  
Lorena Gauthereau ◽  
Carolina Villarroel
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
The Us ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
The University

AbstractThis article focuses on the work and efforts put forth by the University of Houston’s Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage program (Recovery) to create the first digital humanities center for US Latina/o Research: #usLdh. Recovery is a program to locate, preserve, and make available the written legacy of Latinas/os in the United States since colonial times until 1960. Through 27 years of successful work Recovery has not only been able to inscribe the excluded history of Latinas/os, but also has created an inclusive and vast digital repository that facilitates scholarship in this area of studies. This article focuses on the importance of recovery work in the writing, teaching, and understanding of history and considers how local personal archives have helped to fill in the gaps of mainstream history. We will detail the goals and challenges of this mission, as well as the importance of educating the community in digital methods that preserve and disseminate minority voices.

scholarly journals Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani A Alturkistani ◽  
Faris M Tashkandi ◽  
Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Staining Techniques

<p>The history of histology indicates that there have been significant changes in the techniques used for histological staining through chemical, molecular biology assays and immunological techniques, collectively referred to as histochemistry. Early histologists used the readily available chemicals to prepare tissues for microscopic studies; these laboratory chemicals were potassium dichromate, alcohol and the mercuric chloride to harden cellular tissues. Staining techniques used were carmine, silver nitrate, Giemsa, Trichrome Stains, Gram Stain and Hematoxylin among others.</p> <p>The purpose of this research was to assess past and current literature reviews, as well as case studies, with the aim of informing ways in which histological stains have been improved in the modern age. Results from the literature review has indicated that there has been an improvement in histopathology and histotechnology in stains used. There has been a rising need for efficient, accurate and less complex staining procedures. Many stain procedures are still in use today, and many others have been replaced with new immunostaining, molecular, non-culture and other advanced staining techniques. Some staining methods have been abandoned because the chemicals required have been medically proven to be toxic. The case studies indicated that in modern histology a combination of different stain techniques are used to enhance the effectiveness of the staining process. Currently, improved histological stains, have been modified and combined with other stains to improve their effectiveness.</p>

scholarly journals Salmonella Paratyphi A infection: implications for public health management of extra-intestinal presentations – case study of a neck abscess

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniek Borsovszky ◽  
Sophie Norton ◽  
Shopna K Bag ◽  
Jen Kok
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Management

This study explores the implications of unusual presentations of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi) infection for public health management, through a literature review and case study. In 2016, a 36-year-old male presented with a five-day history of right sided painful neck swelling, coryza and a two-day history of fevers after arriving in Australia from India nine weeks earlier. S. Paratyphi A was isolated from a fine needle aspirate sample. A descriptive epidemiological review was performed of confirmed cases of S. Paratyphi notified in New South Wales between 2008 and 2017. S. Paratyphi was isolated in blood and/or faecal samples in 247 cases (98.4%). Only four specimens (1.6%) were from a focal site. A literature review of extraintestinal infections of S. Paratyphi A or B was performed. Of the 41 such cases reported, 16 (39%) had a clear history of a prior gastroenteritis and/or febrile illness, or information suggested this was highly likely. No preceding gastroenteritis or febrile illness occurred in 15 (37%) of the cases. Information was reviewed and presented with a public health lens, valuable for ‘evidence-informed’ public health risk assessment of contacts and exposures related to these types of S. Paratyphi infection. S. Paratyphi infection usually presents as an enteric fever illness. Our case illustrates the variable nature of infectious diseases and the importance of laboratory testing in obtaining a diagnosis. S. Paratyphi can have unusual presentations, which may require adjustment in the public health management of the case. Public health staff should keep an open mind when investigating possible sources and assessing risk. In Western Sydney, this disease is largely associated with residents travelling to high-incidence countries to visit family and friends, and receiving family visits from these countries. The increasing number of cases of S. Paratyphi (prior to COVID-19) in Western Sydney and the importance of awareness of the risk of enteric fever to travellers to endemic regions is highlighted.

scholarly journals Transnational productions of remoteness: building onshore and offshore carceral regimes across borders

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mountz ◽  
J. Loyd
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Us Federal Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cold War History

Abstract. This article examines transnational framings of domestic carceral landscapes to better understand the relationship between offshore and onshore enforcement and detention regimes. US detention on mainland territory and interception and detention in the Caribbean serves as a case study. While the US domestic carceral regime is a subject of intense political debate, research, and activism, it is not often analyzed in relation to the development and expansion of an offshore "buffer zone" to intercept and detain migrants and asylum seekers. Yet the US federal government has also used offshore interception and detention as a way of controlling migration and mobility to its shores. This article traces a Cold War history of offshore US interception and detention of migrants from and in the Caribbean. We discuss how racialized crises related to Cuban and Haitian migrations by sea led to the expansion of an intertwined offshore and onshore carceral regime. Tracing these carceral geographies offers a more transnational understanding of contemporary domestic landscapes of detention of foreign nationals in the United States. It advances the argument that the conditions of remoteness ascribed frequently to US detention sites must be understood in more transnational perspective.

scholarly journals Evaluating Complications of Chronic Sinusitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Phillip Hong ◽  
Charles A. Pereyra ◽  
Uta Guo ◽  
Adam Breslin ◽  
Laura Melville
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Onset Seizure ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Onset

Chronic sinusitis is a relatively common diagnosis throughout the US. In patients with an otherwise unremarkable medical history the treatment is typically supportive, requiring only clinical evaluation. We present the case of a 25-year-old male with a history of chronic sinusitis that was brought to our emergency department with new-onset seizure. Three days before he had presented to his usual care facility with two days of headache and fever and was discharged stating headache, subjective fever, and neck stiffness. After further investigation he was diagnosed with a mixed anaerobic epidural abscess. The evaluation and management of chronic sinusitis are based on the presence of symptoms concerning for complication. Prompt investigation of complicated sinusitis is essential in preventing debilitating and fatal sequelae. Our case study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management.

scholarly journals Una montagna di debiti. L'Italia e la gestione del debito pubblico tra le due guerre

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-214
Author(s):  
Marianna Astore
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fiscal Austerity

The surge in public debt during the recent pandemic crisis has made high debt a prominent policy issue. Italy is an interesting case study since it has experienced high levels of debt for a significant part of its history. This article revisits the history of Italian public debts in the inter-war period. Italy emerged from WWI with public debt that peaked around 160 percent of GDP. In the mid-1920s a significant reduction of public debt occurred, in concomitance with a regime of fiscal austerity and two restructuring agreements that wiped more than 80 percent of Italian foreign debts. By the early 1930s, the US reaction to the Great Depression that opposed any form of international cooperation, led to an Italian default on war debts in 1934 and a move toward autarky.

scholarly journals The Importance of Globalization in the Economic Integration of the Countries in the Region: The Case of Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sc. Bekë Kuqi ◽  
Dr. Sc. Petrit Hasanaj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Harmonization Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries. Globalization is a process that has changed a lot in our everyday lives. This multidimensional and contradictory process brings to life the hopes and achievements that life can bring to it. The rush for greater competition is one of the main objectives of globalization. Such a thing can only be reached with market liberalization, economic integration and technology development. It is important for us to benefit from globalization. Therefore, during this paper we will discuss the importance of globalization for the integration and development of countries in the US and as a case study for Kosovo. Globalization is an unstoppable process for Kosovo, and a hope for integration and development that will impact on economic development and integration into the European Union. Following the Declaration of Independence of Kosovo on 17 February 2008 and the entry into force of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo on 15 June 2008, the same objectives, more than before, were introduced in Kosovo. Like other transition countries, Kosovo also declared membership in the EU not only objective of foreign policy, but also a strategic social and state goal. The definition of this decision puts Kosovo at the forefront of the transition, reform and harmonization process with EU criteria.

scholarly journals Tracking Sandy: Monmouth County Remembers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Melissa Ziobro
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Community History ◽  
Monmouth County ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Comprehensive History

This article is a modified version of the exhibit text used in “Tracking Sandy: Monmouth County Remembers.” Guest curated for the Monmouth County Historical Association (MCHA) by the author of this piece, this crowdsourced exhibit was installed in MCHA’s headquarters in October 2017. The text is being published in this format to allow distribution to a wider audience/in perpetuity after the exhibit has come down, and to ensure the stories shared for the creation of the exhibit can continue to be told. This is not intended to be a comprehensive history of Sandy’s impact globally, in the US, or even on the entire state of New Jersey (NJ) specifically, nor is it a thorough case study on the effectiveness of crowdsourcing community history (though that may be an interesting subject for another discussion).

In Defence of Politics against Security?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
The Us ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Government Project ◽  
History Of

This chapter begins with the history of security as a form of ‘anti-politics’, from Hobbes to 20th century struggles to tame the ‘rogue elephant’ of the US intelligence services. It discusses the growth of security practices since 9/11 and reviews a range of key literature in security studies that perpetuates the ‘anti-politics’ idea. The chapter then explores the key concepts of the book including the meaning of ‘politics’, the stakes involved in defining what is and is not ‘political’, and the normative and analytical significance of the concept of ‘normal politics’ in relation to the ‘exceptional politics’ of security. It also discusses the ‘political game’ and ‘professional politics’ as the empirical focus of the book, framing this through works of Machiavelli, Weber, Foucault, and Bourdieu. The chapter closes by describing the overarching historical narrative and extended UK case study of the book: a four-decade shift from institutionalised forms of ‘exceptional’ security politics in 1980s to the current situation in which security is a ‘whole of government’ project that increasingly occupies the ‘normal’ activities of politics.

What is Good Station-Area Planning? Lessons from Experts and Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-439
Author(s):  
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris ◽  
Deike Peters
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
The Us ◽  
Area Planning

As both scholarly literature and experience on the ground indicates, good station-area planning is a very important prerequisite for the eventual successful operation of a high-speed rail (HSR) station. In addition to facilitating the mobility of travellers, good station-area planning can also trigger opportunities for economic development in the station-area and the station-city. This study seeks to: 1. understand the elements of good station-area planning for HSR stations; 2. document what experts consider as prerequisites for good station-area planning; 3. document the elements of good station-area planning in four case studies of successful European stations: Euralille and Lyon Part-Dieu in France, and Ro erdam Centraal and Utrecht Centraal in the Netherlands; and 4. extract lessons and recommendations for new HSR stations. To achieve this we draw from a literature review of station-area planning, a survey of HSR experts from Europe and the US, and visits to the four case study stations.

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