scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin Resistant Salmonella Typhi Isolated at National Microbiology Reference Laboratory in Harare, Zimbabwe (January to April 2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ndatenda Shamiso Mutaurwa ◽  
Ellen Munemo ◽  
Garikai Malunga ◽  
Danai Tavonga Zhou
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Density ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Typhoid is a life-threatening infectious disease requiring the administration of antibiotics for treatment. Ciprofloxacin is the antibiotic of choice for diarrheal cases in Zimbabwe, adopted by the Ministry of Health and Child Care, from current World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. However, there has been an increase in the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance against ciprofloxacin and conventional drugs antibiotics for the treatment of typhoid. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolated in Harare for the first quarter of 2016. Methods: This study was carried out at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), located at Harare Central Hospital, in Zimbabwe. The NMRL carries out confirmatory tests and molecular typing of pathogens isolated at different national laboratories. The current study retrieved demographics, clinical data, and isolates for confirmed typhoid cases out of 402 suspected specimens. The isolates from Harare, confirmed as S. Typhi, between January and April 2016, were evaluated for ciprofloxacin resistance. Results: A total of 35 S. Typhi isolates were recovered for the period from January to April 2016. When the 35 isolates were characterised, nine (25.7%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The area with the highest recorded cases of typhoid fever was Budiriro High-Density Suburb in Harare. This area has been hit by other diarrheal outbreaks in the past, most likely due to the intermittent supply of safe water. Conclusion: Most high-density areas, where S. Typhi positive specimens originated, are overpopulated and have regular water cuts, resulting in a decrease in hygiene. More than a quarter of isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, agreeing with other reports from Zimbabwe. The misuse of antibiotics could be associated with resistance, necessitating education on the correct use of antibiotics in the community and other preventive measures. Additionally, molecular research on geographic and phylogenetic relatedness of isolates and other holistic approaches for studying the development of antimicrobial resistance mutations, using whole-genome sequencing, in this setting, are warranted.

scholarly journals Environmental Health in Perinatal and Early Childhood: Awareness, Representation, Knowledge and Practice of Southern France Perinatal Health Professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Sunyach ◽  
Barbara Antonelli ◽  
Sophie Tardieu ◽  
Michele Marcot ◽  
Jeanne Perrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perinatal Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Cross Sectional

The exposure of adults of reproductive age as well as pregnant women and children to environmental contaminants is of particular concern, as it can impact fertility, in utero development, pregnancy outcomes and child health. Consequently, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and international societies advocate including Environmental Health (EH) in perinatal care, yet perinatal health professionals (HPs) hardly put these recommendations into practice. In 2017, a cross-sectional study was performed in a large panel of perinatal HPs in south-eastern France with the aim of painting a picture of their current attitudes, representation, knowledge, and training expectations. Quantitative and qualitative information was collected via auto-questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed by 962 participants, mainly midwives (41.1%), physicians (25.6%) and nursery nurses (11%). Indoor/outdoor air quality and endocrine disruptors were the best-mastered topics, whereas electromagnetic fields and diet gave rise to unsure responses. Overall, perinatal HPs were ill-trained and -informed about the reproductive risks linked to daily environmental exposure. HPs reported scarce knowledge, fear of patient reaction and lack of solutions as the main barriers to providing information regarding EH to the public. Our findings highlight the need to set up EH training programmes focused on scientific knowledge and to provide simple messages and tips to help perinatal HPs deliver advice to populations to mitigate exposure to environmental toxicants.

Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat dan Fasilitas dengan Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Erizal
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Badan kesehatan dunia yaitu World Health Organisation (WHO) berupaya agar pelayanan kesehatan di dunia ini dapat memberikan suatu sistem pelayanan yang baik untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat diberbagai belahan dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 84 responden yang merupakan pasien rawat inap. Data dianalisa secara univarat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,007) dan ada hubungan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kota Langsa tahun 2019 dengan nilai p-value (0,030).

scholarly journals Socioeconomic influences on breastfeeding and weaning practices in a Mediterranean setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Parnis ◽  
Neville Calleja ◽  
Petra Jones
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Advice ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
High Level ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

AbstractThe World Health Organisation (2016) recommends exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age and the introduction of complementary foods at around 6 months. International literature suggests that although knowledge of the guidelines is high, only a minority of parents wait until 6 months to wean and sub-optimal weaning practices are common. The aim of this study was to assess breastfeeding and weaning practices and to evaluate the effect of socio-economic determinants on such behaviours in a Mediterranean setting.A cross-sectional study design was used. One-time short interviews with 250 consenting mothers having 8 month old infants were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Mothers attending all the well baby clinics in the primary health care centres of the Maltese Islands for a period of two months were included in the study. The questionnaire included socio-economic and demographic data, details on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding, weaning practices and a short assessment of the infant's usual diet at 8 months.Mothers between 25–34 years old (26%) and mothers with a high level of education (25%) were more likely to breastfeed only during the first 8 months of life without using any other type of milk, compared to younger (6.5%) or older (21%) mothers, and to mothers with a lower level of education (16%). The level of education was also positively associated with the continuation of breastfeeding, with the mean duration of breastfeeding for higher educated mothers being 4 months compared to 2.6 months in less educated mothers. Mothers with a lower level of education and mothers who are house-wives are more likely to give their infants only ready-made foods however associations were in this case borderline significant. On the other hand, appropriateness of weaning age was not associated with any socio-economic factors.The length of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary foods varied widely between mothers. Compliance with infant feeding guidelines was poor. The mother's age, level of education and employment status all have an impact on breastfeeding and weaning practices. The provision of professional advice and a supportive environment for mothers, together with interventions for increasing awareness may promote maternal adherence to WHO guideline.

Patients’ knowledge and practices on the drug regimens prescribed at the National Traditional Medicine Hospital: a call for a systematic approach to drug information services

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Kinga Jamphel ◽  
Dorji Gyeltshen ◽  
Sherab Tenzin ◽  
Thinley Dorji
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The World Health Organisation estimates that only half of all medicines dispensed are used appropriately. The Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (BTM) system is no exception. Objectives: We studied the patients’ knowledge on the usage of traditional medicine regimens prescribed to them, their medication adherence and possible adverse events. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire at the National Traditional Medicine Hospital, Thimphu in 2017. A simple random sampling was used. Ethical approval was sought from Research Ethics Board of Health, Thimphu. Results: A sample of 402 patients were studied. The mean age of the respondents was 45 years (±15 years) and 333 (82.8%) were old cases presenting to the hospital. The knowledge on the correct timing of the medicine, how to take the medicine and what to avoid while on those medicines were understood only by 62.7%, 34.6% and 22.9% respectively. Only 351 (87.3%) patients received verbal information on the usage of drugs from the dispensers, of which 119 (29.6%) said the information was not clear or not adequate. Failure to take medicines on time was reported by 224 (67.3%) among old cases. Undesirable events reported while using BTM were giddiness, vomiting, skin irritation, diarrhoea and fainting episodes. Conclusions: The drug information system and monitoring of medication adherence and adverse drug events require adoption of more effective toolsand methods.

scholarly journals A study to assess the knowledge and attitude of female graduate students on cervical cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4545 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Koshy ◽  
Vandana Gangadharan ◽  
Anullekha Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women with an average of 468,000 new cases per year. Out of these 80% occur in developing and underdeveloped countries. World Health Organisation statistics show that Indian carries one fifths of world burden of the disease with 72,600 deaths annually. Key to the success of cervical cancer screening and prevention is the knowledge and awareness possessed by women in general. This requires the honing of knowledge at an impressionable and younger age group.Methods: It is a questionnaire based cross sectional study and was conducted amongst 4 study groups comprising Medical students, engineering students, nursing students and general graduate students between the age group 18 and 25 years.Results: According to present study, 93% of medical, 75% of nursing and only 29% of engineering students and 9 % of other students were actually even aware of the term cervical cancer. Assessment of knowledge regarding the risk factors of cervical cancer revealed that 13 medical, 9 nursing, 75 of engineering and 85 of Other Graduates weren’t aware of any risk factor that causes cervical cancer. As regards to attitude of the students towards cancer, present study revealed 4 medical, 23 nursing, 10 engineering and 9 general public women think that it is incurable and leads to death.Conclusions: This study highlights unawareness of various aspects of cervical cancer among young women and the burning need for continuing educational intervention at institute level to emphasise the importance and increase the awareness regarding cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii and Tuberculosis Co-infection among Tuberculosis patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, North West Region, Cameroon

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wanabo M. Kita ◽  
Christopher B. Tume
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Life Threatening

Aim: To determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis co-infection among (TB) patients.  Study Design: A cross-sectional study was employed to gather data on 147 sputum positive TB patients. Place and Duration of Study:  Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH), Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and Treatment Centre from October 2015 to April, 2016.   Method: An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to gather data on positive-sputum pulmonary TB patients of both sexes on whom some risk factors for Toxoplasma were explored, followed by blood sampling. T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies were researched in sera samples using indirect ELISA. Results: T. gondii antibodies prevalence amongst the TB population was 83% (122/147, 95% CI 112-130). 85.25% of the Toxoplasma infection in the study population were recent infections with T.gondii parasite while up to 53.28% of patients were reactivating, no significant difference in prevalence between HIV negative or HIV positive TB patients was established. Conclusion: The high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among TB subjects attending treatment at the Bamenda Regional Hospital is suggestive of co-infection. Toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis co-infection are opportunistic infections for HIV/AIDS, and life threatening to TB patients and could be the reason for unexplained deaths among these patients on treatment.

scholarly journals New Caledonian biology teachers’ opinions about vaccination: Preliminary findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-606
Author(s):  
Stephane Frayon
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Survey

Objective: Vaccine hesitancy is increasing worldwide and the World Health Organisation has declared it to be one of the 10 threats for global health in 2019. Lack of confidence in vaccines and fear of side effects seem to be the key reasons. Education may help restore confidence, and middle and high school biology teachers may have a particularly powerful role in countering vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to compare biology teachers’ opinions about vaccination with those of other teachers. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: An electronic survey was sent to middle and high school teachers in New Caledonia. A total of 280 participants were recruited: 110 biology teachers and 170 teachers of other subjects. Attitudes about three common vaccine controversies were measured using Likert-type scales. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Biology teachers showed greater confidence in their knowledge about vaccines than other teachers. In general, their opinions agreed more with scientific knowledge than those of the other teachers, despite some disparities depending on their specific sub-specialty. Highest university qualification obtained was not correlated with the opinions expressed about vaccines. Conclusion: Biology teachers may be better able to restore confidence about vaccines than other teachers. Additional training and information are needed however to allow them to transmit accurate information about vaccines to adolescents.

Knowledge and practices regarding hand-washing among mothers of children less than five years of age in rural areas of District Sialkot

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sonia Almas ◽  
Ayesha Babar Kawish ◽  
Tahir Mehmood Butt ◽  
Subhana Akber Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Objective: To assess knowledge and practices regarding hand-washing among mothers of children aged ?5 years. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2015 in rural areas of Union Council Charwa, Tehsil Pasrur in District Sialkot, Pakistan, and comprised mothers of children aged ?5 years. Data was collected using a pre-tested and validated structured questionnaire developed in line with World health Organisation guidelines on hand-washing technique. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Results: Of the 422 subjects, 319 (75.4%) had sufficient knowledge and 104 (24.6%) showed good practices regarding hand-washing. However, only 59 (14%) mothers were found adherent to the appropriate technique of hand-washing. Conclusion: Health education and behaviour-changing communication approaches must be implemented to educate the masses about proper hand-washing technique. Key Words: Knowledge, Practices, Hand-washing, Mothers, Health education, Pakistan.

Prevalence and associated factors for social phobia among school-going adolescents in a rural area of Puducherry, South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj ◽  
Giriyappa Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Shanthosh Priyan ◽  
Marimuthu Yamini ◽  
Saya Ganesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
South India ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Counselling Services

Abstract Background The World Health Organisation has reported that mental disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Social phobia is one such mental disorder that can have significant impact on the livelihood of adults if not detected at an early stage. There have been very few studies done on social phobia among adolescents in South India. Hence, this study was done to determine the prevalence of social phobia and factors associated with it among the school-going adolescents in rural Puducherry. Methodology A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1018 school going adolescents from December 2017 to January 2018 in rural Puducherry. Information on socio-demographic characteristics was collected by a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and social phobia was assessed using the validated Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) questionnaire. Results Among 1018 participants, 738 (72.5%) belonged to early adolescence (10–13 years); 520 (51.1%) were boys; 557 (54.7%) were studying in a middle class; 931 (91.5%) were Hindus; 978 (96.1%) had siblings. The prevalence of social phobia among adolescents was found to be 22.9% (95% CI: 20.4–25.5%). The prevalence of mild social phobia was 18% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.7–20.4%], moderate social phobia was 4% (95% CI: 2.9–5.4%), severe social phobia was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3–1.3%) and very severe social phobia was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.03–0.64%). Higher age, female gender, lack of counselling services and specialist visits at school were found to be determinants of social phobia. Conclusion The current study showed that one in every five adolescents was at risk of developing social phobia. Health education for students, teachers and family members needs to be given to make them aware of the importance of social phobia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Road Traffic Accidents among Commercial Motorcyclists in the Central Tongu District, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kennedy Diema Konlan ◽  
Abdul Razak Doat ◽  
Iddrisu Mohammed ◽  
Roberta Mensima Amoah ◽  
Joel Afram Saah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Background. The World Health Organisation estimates that 1.35 million people die as a result of road traffic crashes. Motorcycles as a means of transport are increasingly becoming the preferred and easiest means of transportation for most people in developing countries despite the associated risk. This study determined the prevalence and pattern of motorcycle crashes in Adidome among commercial motorcyclists. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used as 114 commercial motorcyclists were recruited to respond to a pretested research questionnaire in the Adidome district of the Volta Region. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22.0. Data were presented as simple descriptive statistics. A chi-square relationship was determined using the demographic variables, and the history of accident at a 95% confidence interval with 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The prevalence of road traffic crashes at Adidome was 64.0%. Motorcyclists (74.0%) were reported to have been involved in crashes in the past one year prior to the study. Motorcyclists attributed the last accident to excessive speeding (31.5%) and bad roads (23.3%), this accident as a result of colliding with another motorcycle (50.7%), and slippery surfaces (24.7%). The majority (63.0%) of the respondents had an accident once. The consumption of alcohol was associated with the occurrence of an accident as 34.2% occurred among cyclists who drank alcohol, compared with 29.8% who did not (p<0.05). Conclusion. There should be strict implementation of current road traffic regulations of Ghana by the MTTD of the Ghana Police Service, and penalties should be awarded against anybody caught riding a motorcycle under the influence of alcohol. Helmet and other protective devices must be made compulsory for motorcycle riders to prevent injuries, especially head injuries, if an accident occurs.

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