scholarly journals Phage Therapy in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Mahsa Jalili ◽  
Nastaran Ansari ◽  
Somaye Bakhtiari ◽  
Farid Azizi Jalilian
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Bacterial Contaminant ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Therapy Studies

Today, we are facing the spread of antibiotic resistance in various microbial communities. Also, researchers are using new methods to replace conventional treatments to prevent chronic bacterial infections. Hence, the used of phages or bacterial contaminant particles are now used as an effective method in the treatment of many infectious diseases. Several studies have suggested that the use of bacteriophages is effective in treating some bacterial diseases. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate phage therapy studies against infections caused by bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages as new targets in the treatment of bacterial diseases restricts the development of infectious diseases. Bacteriophages can provide a new perspective in the development of new drugs to reduce the rate of bacterial infections. Also, it seems more research should be done in this field and more developed techniques should be used to evaluation of new phages.

scholarly journals Assessment of the microbiome during bacteriophage therapy in combination with systemic antibiotics to treat a case of staphylococcal device infection

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Mu ◽  
Daniel McDonald ◽  
Alan K. Jarmusch ◽  
Cameron Martino ◽  
Caitriona Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Device Infection ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Serious Bacterial Infections ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Abstract Background Infectious bacterial diseases exhibiting increasing resistance to antibiotics are a serious global health issue. Bacteriophage therapy is an anti-microbial alternative to treat patients with serious bacterial infections. However, the impacts to the host microbiome in response to clinical use of phage therapy are not well understood. Results Our paper demonstrates a largely unchanged microbiota profile during 4 weeks of phage therapy when added to systemic antibiotics in a single patient with Staphylococcus aureus device infection. Metabolomic analyses suggest potential indirect cascading ecological impacts to the host (skin) microbiome. We did not detect genomes of the three phages used to treat the patient in metagenomic samples taken from saliva, stool, and skin; however, phages were detected using endpoint-PCR in patient serum. Conclusion Results from our proof-of-principal study supports the use of bacteriophages as a microbiome-sparing approach to treat bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages: A Revisited Strategy for the Treatment of Severe Bacterial Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Roberto Badaro
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Therapeutic Alternative ◽  
The Ideal

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and parasitize bacteria. The current increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistance in human bacteria has favoredthe study of phages as a therapeutic alternative (phage therapy). Phage therapy is defined as the administration of virulent phages directly to a patient to lyse the bacterial pathogen that is causing a clinically severe infection. The ideal route of administration and modification of bacteriopaghes genetically to deactivate bacterial resistance genes is the next future to antibiotic recovery sensitivity of MDR organisms.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Compared to Standard Antibiotics Used in ORL Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2571-2573
Author(s):  
Alina Andreea Tischer (Tucuina) ◽  
Delia Berceanu Vaduva ◽  
Nicolae Balica ◽  
Alina Heghes ◽  
Adelina Cheveresan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Recorded Data

In recent years, bacterial infections in hospitals have grown particularly due to the development of antibiotic resistance. Recent research targets the discovery of new antibiotics that exhibit broad spectrum of action without adverse effects or minimizing adverse effects. In this study, the activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against three bacteria commonly found in infectious diseases in the ORL sphere was evaluated. The recorded data revealed an activity comparable to that of the standard antibiotics used in these types of infections, with the observation that the activity of the nanoparticles could also be observed in the particular cases of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals The Ecology of Phage Resistance: The Key to Successful Phage Therapy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Gittrich ◽  
Yunxiao Liu ◽  
Funing Tian ◽  
Audra Crouch ◽  
Ho Bin Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Phage Resistance ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Viral Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Microbial Host ◽  
Host Genes

: As antibiotic resistance undermines efforts to treat bacterial infections, phage therapy is being increasingly considered as an alternative in clinical settings and agriculture. However, a major concern in using phages is that pathogens will develop resistance to the phage. Due to the constant evolutionary pressure by phages, bacteria have evolved numerous mechanisms to block infection. If we determine the most common among them, we could use this knowledge to guide phage therapeutics. Here we compile data from 88 peer-reviewed studies where phage resistance was experimentally observed and linked to a bacterial gene, then assessed these data for patterns. In total, 141 host genes were identified to block infection against one or more of 80 phages (representing five families of the Caudovirales) across 16 microbial host genera. These data suggest that bacterial phage resistance is diverse, but even well-studied systems are understudied, and there are gaping holes in our knowledge of phage resistance across lesser-studied regions of microbial and viral sequence space. Fortunately, scalable approaches are newly available that, if broadly adopted, can provide data to power ecosystem-aware models that will guide harvesting natural variation towards designing effective, broadly applicable phage therapy cocktails as an alternative to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage therapy: experience from the Eliava Institute, Georgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Chanishvili ◽  
Richard Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

The lysis of bacteria by bacteriophage was independently discovered by Frederick Twort and Felix d?Herelle but it was d?Herelle who proposed that bacteriophage might be applied to the control of bacterial diseases. Within the former Soviet Union (FSU), bacteriophage therapy was researched and applied extensively for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections. In the West, however, it was not explored with the same enthusiasm and was eventually discarded with the arrival of antibiotics. However, the increase in the incidence of multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the absence of effective means for their control has led to increasing international interest in phage therapy and in the long experience of the Eliava Institute. The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology (IBMV), which celebrates its 85th anniversary in 2008, was founded in Tbilisi in 1923 through the joint efforts of d?Herelle and the Georgian microbiologist, George Eliava.

scholarly journals Trends, Epidemiology, and Management of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in the Hospitalized Setting

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Morris ◽  
Elizabeth Cerceo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Current Guidelines

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a threat to human health, particularly within vulnerable populations in the hospital and acute care settings. This leads to increasing healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. Bacteria rapidly evolve novel mechanisms of resistance and methods of antimicrobial evasion. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii have all been identified as pathogens with particularly high rates of resistance to antibiotics, resulting in a reducing pool of available treatments for these organisms. Effectively combating this issue requires both preventative and reactive measures. Reducing the spread of resistant pathogens, as well as reducing the rate of evolution of resistance is complex. Such a task requires a more judicious use of antibiotics through a better understanding of infection epidemiology, resistance patterns, and guidelines for treatment. These goals can best be achieved through the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the development and introduction of new drugs capable of eradicating multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens (MDR GNB). The purpose of this article is to review current trends in MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections in the hospitalized setting, as well as current guidelines for management. Finally, new and emerging antimicrobials, as well as future considerations for combating antibiotic resistance on a global scale are discussed.

scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SOME POULTRY DISEASES AT GAIBANDHA DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Islam ◽  
A.A. Trisha ◽  
M. Das ◽  
M.R. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Bacterial Diseases

A total of 325 chickens, duck and pigeon, dead or sick, brought for diagnosis to the FDIL (field disease investigation laboratory), Guibandha during the period from July, 2005 to June, 2006 were taken into consideration in this study to know the seasonal occurrence of diseases and their comparison and to identify the effect of season and age for developing the diseases. Among the examined birds 251 were chicken including local and commercial birds, 67 were ducks and 7 were pigeon. The diagnosed diseases were parasitic diseases including coccidiosis, ascaridiosis and schistosomiasis; viral diseases including new castle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD), avian leucosis (AL) and duck plague (DP), bacterial diseases including salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and colibacillosis, non-infectious diseases including ascites, egg bound, cannibalism and fatty liver hemorrhagic disease, MC complex (mycoplasmosis-colibacillosis complex) and fungal infection including aspergillosis. The occurrence of parasitic diseases (86.2%) was the highest, followed by viral diseases (32.6%), bacterial diseases (25.8%) and non-infectious diseases (12.9%). In chickens the occurrence of parasitic diseases was the highest (88.4%) followed by bacterial diseases (28.3%), viral diseases (27.1%), non-infectious diseases (16.30%), MC complex (3.6%) and aspergillosis (1.6%). Bacterial diseases were significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter as well as in rainy season compared to summer season. Occurrence of pasteurellosis was significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter (p<0.05) and rainy (p<0.01) season compared to summer season. Parasitic diseases were significantly (p<0.01) higher in winter (97.2%) compared to summer (83.3%). The occurrence of coccidiosis was 88% and it was significantly (p<0.01) higher in winter (97.2%) compared to summer (82.2%). Egg bound was present among 10% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) lower in rainy season compared to summer season. In case of ducks the presence of parasitic diseases was the highest (77.60%) followed by viral diseases (56.7%), bacterial diseases (16.40%) and non-infectious diseases (1.50%). Duck plague was present in 56.7% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter (80%) season compared to summer (44.8%) season. The occurrence of duck plague was observed in 56.70% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in laying stage (67.60%) than pullet stage (43.30%). Incase of pigeon 28.60% birds showed bacterial infections and 85.70% birds showed parasitic infestations. Present study suggests that various infectious and non-infectious diseases are prevalent among the poultry of Guibandha district. So effective control measures should be taken to minimize this problem.

scholarly journals Stemming the tide of antibiotic resistance by exploiting bacteriophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Michael J Love ◽  
Renwick C J Dobson ◽  
Craig Billington
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Future Supply

The growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a global crisis. It is predicted that by 2050, antibiotic resistance-related deaths will exceed by 10 million per year. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies that can either replace or supplement antibiotic use. Bacteriophages and their encoded lytic proteins, called endolysins, have both shown promise as antibiotic alternatives. Bacteriophages were first investigated as therapeutics nearly a century ago, but the success of antibiotics led to phage therapy being largely abandoned in Western medicine until recently. While sporadic reports of life-saving successes in the ad hoc use of phage therapy have emerged, properly designed, robust clinical trials and clear regulatory guidelines are required before the true potential of phage therapy can be realized. In addition, despite endolysin research still being in its infancy, the early successes of endolysin-based therapeutics already entering clinical trials are an exciting glimpse into the future. No stone can be left unturned in the discovery and development of novel therapeutics if we are to ensure a future supply of effective treatments for bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Bacterial Infections: Principles, Advantages, and Shortcomings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jia-Wei Tang ◽  
Jun-Jiao Wang ◽  
Qing-Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Label Free Detection

Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are important public issues. In addition, due to the overuse of antibiotics, many multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens have been widely encountered in clinical settings. Thus, the fast identification of bacteria pathogens and profiling of antibiotic resistance could greatly facilitate the precise treatment strategy of infectious diseases. So far, many conventional and molecular methods, both manual or automatized, have been developed for in vitro diagnostics, which have been proven to be accurate, reliable, and time efficient. Although Raman spectroscopy (RS) is an established technique in various fields such as geochemistry and material science, it is still considered as an emerging tool in research and diagnosis of infectious diseases. Based on current studies, it is too early to claim that RS may provide practical guidelines for microbiologists and clinicians because there is still a gap between basic research and clinical implementation. However, due to the promising prospects of label-free detection and noninvasive identification of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance in several single steps, it is necessary to have an overview of the technique in terms of its strong points and shortcomings. Thus, in this review, we went through recent studies of RS in the field of infectious diseases, highlighting the application potentials of the technique and also current challenges that prevent its real-world applications.

Phage Therapy: A Potential Solution for Antibiotic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirag Choudhary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Future

The idea of using a virus to kill bacteria may seem counterintuitive, but it may be the future of treating bacterial infections. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most frightening biological agents were so-called “superbugs” – antibiotic resistant bacteria – which could not be treated with conventional therapeutics. When antibiotics were first developed, they were hailed as a panacea. A panacea they were not.

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