Dry Emulsions based on Alpha Cyclodextrin and Vegetable Oils for Buccal Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Angela Abruzzo ◽  
Bruno Saladini ◽  
Francesco Dalena ◽  
Fiore P. Nicoletta ◽  
Barbara Luppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Buccal Delivery ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Lipophilic Drugs ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dry Emulsion

Background: Buccal delivery of drugs can be used as an alternative administration route to conventional oral route avoiding the liver first-pass effect and improving patient compliance. Objective: The goal of this work was to develop dry emulsions for buccal delivery of ketoprofen, used as a lipophilic model drug. The influence of two vegetable oils, olive oil or wheat germ oil, in the presence of α-cyclodextrin and different drying techniques on the dry emulsion properties was evaluated. Methods: Emulsions were prepared by adding olive oil or wheat germ oil to an aqueous solution of α-cyclodextrin and subsequently dried through an oven, freeze-dryer or spray-dryer. Dry emulsions were characterized in terms of yield, encapsulation efficiency, morphology and drug solid-state. In vitro drug release and permeation studies were carried out to evaluate dry emulsion ability to release the drug and to allow its permeation through the esophageal porcine epithelium. Results: The formation of stable and milky emulsion was assured by cyclodextrin ability to interact with oil components obtaining an inclusion complex with amphiphilic property able to act as a surfaceactive agent. The drying process influenced the yield and the encapsulation efficiency, while no significant differences were observed between olive oil and wheat germ oil. Freeze-dried emulsions, selected as the best formulations, resulted in fast release of drug thereby ensuring its permeation across the epithelium. Conclusion: Dry emulsions prepared with a simple and easy method, using natural ingredients and avoiding synthetic surfactants and organic solvents, could be used for buccal delivery of lipophilic drugs.

FLAVOUR REVERSION IN HYDROGENATED LINSEED OIL: II. EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN PROCESSING PROCEDURES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (5) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Lemon ◽  
A. Lips ◽  
W. Harold White
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Stable Product ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Alkali ◽  
Cold Pressed

Shortenings prepared from various linseed oils by different methods were stored at 43.3 °C. (110° F.) and sampled at eight-week intervals for 56 weeks. Storage life in terms of flavour reversion was not highly correlated with mean peroxide value or unsaturation. All shortenings were resistant to normal oxidation, but unstable to reversion unless hydrogenated to a very low iodine number. Hot and cold pressed oils yielded products equally susceptible to flavour reversion. Changes in stability attributable to variations in methods of alkali refining, bleaching, and hydrogenation were only minor. High alkali concentrations (30° to 40° Bé.) were beneficial, while hydrogenation at 190 °C. (374° F.) was preferable to hardening at lower temperatures (140 °C. (284° F.) and 115 °C. (239° F.)). Blending with other vegetable oils, or the use of hydroquinone or a wheat-germ oil preparation as antioxidants, slightly retarded the onset of reversion. None of the laboratory or commercially prepared samples examined was considered to be a satisfactorily stable product.

scholarly journals Characterization of some vegetable oils in order to use them in the treatment of the varicose veins

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2370-2374
Author(s):  
NATALIŢA IONESCU (BORDEI) ◽  
◽  
ANDREEA-MIRUNA NEAGU ◽  
ANCA DANIELA RAICIU ◽  
MARIANA POPESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Pumpkin Seed Oil

The aim of the paper was to conduct a study regarding the composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids for a series of vegetable oils in order to correlate it with their antioxidant activity. The oils were then used in the development of hydrogels based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) with therapeutic effect on varicose veins. Several vegetable oils (pumpkin seed oil, wheat germ oil, evening primrose seed oil, castor seed oil, grape seed and jojoba oil) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), establishing the profile of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Antioxidant activities were determined by the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method and were correlated with the composition ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. It has been established that pumpkin seed oil and wheat germ oil are most indicated in the development of NLC-based hydrogels.

Fish oil plus wheat germ oil have no prominent effect on homocysteine levels and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hadeer Zakaria ◽  
Tarek M. Mostafa ◽  
Gamal A. El-Azab ◽  
Nagy AH Sayed-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Abstract. Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and malnutrition are frequently detected in hemodialysis patients and are believed to exacerbate cardiovascular comorbidities. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to lower homocysteine levels by up-regulating metabolic enzymes and improving substrate availability for homocysteine degradation. Additionally, it has been suggested that prevention of folate depletion by vitamin E consumption decreases homocysteine levels. However, data on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E on homocysteine levels and nutritional status have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of combined supplementation of fish oil, as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, with wheat germ oil, as a source of vitamin E, on homocysteine and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two equally-sized groups; a supplemented group who received 3000 mg/day of fish oil [1053 mg omega-3 fatty acids] plus 300 mg/day of wheat germ oil [0.765 mg vitamin E], and a matched placebo group who received placebo capsules for 4 months. Serum homocysteine and different nutritional indices were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty patients in each group completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in homocysteine levels and in the nutritional indices neither in the supplemented nor in the placebo-control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fish oil and wheat germ oil combination did not produce significant effects on serum homocysteine levels and nutritional indices of hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Utilization of wheat germ oil and wheat bran fiber as fat replacer for the development of low‐fat beef patties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Nadeem ◽  
Farhan Saeed ◽  
Ali Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Replacer ◽  
Beef Patties

scholarly journals Mixing Oil-Based Microencapsulation of Garlic Essential Oil: Impact of Incorporating Three Commercial Vegetable Oils on the Stability of Emulsions

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Yunjiao Zhao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Cuiping Qi ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Mohamed Rifky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

The active components in garlic essential oil are easily degradable, which limits its application in the food industry. Vegetable oils (VOs) were used to improve the stability of garlic essential oil (GEO) emulsion. The volatile compounds of GEO and its mixtures with vegetable oils (VOs), including corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), and olive oil (OO) indicated that GEO-VO mixtures had a higher percentage of Diallyl disulfide and Diallyl trisulfide than pure GEO. Adding an appropriate amount of VOs promoted the GEO emulsion (whey protein concentrate and inulin as the wall materials) stability in order of CO > SO > OO. Evaluation of the encapsulation efficiency, controlled release, and antimicrobial activity of GEO-VO microcapsules showed that the GEO was successfully entrapped and slowly released with active antibacterial activities on both E. coli and S. aureus. Collectively, these results implied that VOs, especially for 20% CO, improved the stability of GEO emulsions and the encapsulation efficiency of GEO microcapsules. The mechanism might be related to (1) the regulating effect of density difference between oil and water phases on prevention to gravitational separation, (2) the promotion to the compatibility of GEO and VOs to inhibit the phase separation caused by Ostwald ripening.

scholarly journals Effects of Rocket Seed Oil, Wheat Germ Oil, and Their Mixture on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Digestibility, Redox Status, and Meat Fatty Acid Profile of Growing Rabbits

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Sabrin Abdelrahman Morshedy ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdelmodather ◽  
Mohamed M. Basyony ◽  
Soliman A. Zahran ◽  
Mohamed A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil

Vegetable oils are a source of natural antioxidants, including tocopherols, sterols, phenolic compounds, coenzymes, and polyunsaturated fatty acids that provide nutritional value, organoleptic properties, and significantly delay or prevent lipid oxidation. Eighty-four V-line rabbits at 5 weeks of age with an initial body weight (BW) of 535.60 ± 13.48 g were assigned randomly to four experimental groups (seven replicates in each group with three rabbits each). The first group served as a control and received 0.3 mL/kg BW of distilled water (CON), while the second and third groups received 0.3 mL/kg BW of rocket seed oil (RSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO), respectively. The fourth group received a mixture of oils consisting of 0.15 mL of RSO and 0.15 mL of WGO/kg BW (MOs). The experiment lasted 7 weeks. The study investigated the effects of RSO, WGO, and their mixture on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status, and immune response of growing rabbits. The results indicated that the rabbits that were administered orally with RSO and WGO or their mixture had higher (p ≤ 0.05) final BW, weight gain, and average daily gain when compared to the control group. In addition, the feed conversion ratio improved significantly with RSO, WGO, and MOs treatments. Different oil treatments improved nutrient digestibility, nutritive value, and nitrogen balance. Moreover, the rabbits that received RSO, WGO, and their mixture had an improvement the meat fatty acid composition compared to the control rabbits. Oral administration of RSO, WGO, and their mixture significantly improved serum protein fractions, decreased blood urea nitrogen, and had a positive effect on serum total lipids, HDL-c, and LDL-c. Furthermore, the treatments of RSO, WGO, and MOs had a significant improvement in the antioxidative status and immune response.

A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF EMMERIE'S IRON-DIPYRIDYL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOCOPHEROL CONTENT OF OILS

1940 ◽  
Vol 18b (12) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Parker ◽  
W. D. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Ether Solution ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Petrol Ether

By treating a petrol ether solution of wheat-germ oil with 85% sulphuric acid, centrifuging, and washing the supernatant petrol ether with dilute alkali, carotenoids and other substances that interfere with the iron-dipyridyl method for determining tocopherol are removed. Tocopherol is not affected by the treatment. The tocopherol content of the solution is finally determined by a modification of Emmerie's method.

THE EFFECTS OF WHEAT GERM OIL AND LINOLEIC ACID ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE HOUSE CRICKET

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Ritchot ◽  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Lipid other than sterol improves the growth and development of nymphs of Acheta domesticus (L.), as shown by the effect of adding wheat germ oil and linoleic acid to the diet. Such lipid is also necessary for reproduction: the effect appears to be on the male, but may also be on the female.

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