Cumulative Effects of Prenatal and Concurrent Maternal Distress on Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescent Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Mortaji ◽  
Calan Savoy ◽  
Khrista Boylan ◽  
Bahar Amani ◽  
Ryan J Van Lieshout
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adolescent Offspring ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Over Time

Background: Mental disorders affect 20% of children and adolescents globally and are among the most chronic and costly problems affecting youth. Offspring exposure to maternal disorders (depression, anxiety, and/or stress) prenatally as well as in adolescence increases the risk of psychopathology in adolescence. Objective: Exposure to maternal distress in pregnancy, as well as in adolescence, has independently been linked to psychopathology in youth. However, our understanding of the cumulative effects of exposure to maternal distress over time remains incomplete. Methods: 1964 participants enrolled in the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) aged 12-17 years completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Maternal prenatal distress was defined as mother-reported depression and/or anxiety during pregnancy requiring treatment. Maternal concurrent distress was self-reported when offspring were 12-17 years of age using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We examined associations between increasing levels of exposure to maternal distress (no exposure, prenatal exposure only, concurrent exposure only, both prenatal and concurrent exposure) and the risk of psychiatric disorder in 12-17-year-olds. Results: The odds of major depressive disorder (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01- 1.67) and ADHD (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.65) increased with increasing exposure to maternal distress. Associations between increasing levels of maternal distress and several psychiatric disorders were amplified in males. Conclusions: The accumulation of exposure to maternal distress over time predicts offspring psychopathology in adolescence and emphasizes the significance of the early detection of maternal distress and ongoing monitoring and intervention to reduce the burden of mental disorders in offspring.

scholarly journals The Psychometric Properties of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) in an Epidemiological Sample of Canadian Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epidemiological Sample ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

Objective: This study (1) describes the distribution of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) scores in an epidemiological sample of youth, (2) reports its item correlations and internal consistency reliability, (3) tests for measurement invariance by age (youth vs. adults) and sex, and (4) examines its predictive power for past-year psychiatric disorders. Method: Youth aged 15 to 19 years ( n = 2010) and adults aged 20 to 64 years ( n = 2010) from the Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health who completed the K6 were included. Past-year psychiatric disorders were measured using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 (WHO-CIDI). Polychoric correlation matrices and ordinal reliability coefficients were calculated to assess internal consistency of the K6, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for measurement invariance. Area under the curves (AUCs) were computed to determine the extent to which the K6 predicted a positive screen on the WHO-CIDI. Results: K6 scores showed a J-shaped distribution, with >50% of youth having scores ≤3. Item and total scores were higher for females versus males. Item correlations were robust (0.31-0.78) and internal consistency was high (α = 0.86). Full measurement invariance was demonstrated between youth and adults, as well as between male and female youth. The K6 was a strong predictor of major depressive episode (AUC = 0.848), generalized anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.847), and bipolar disorder (AUC = 0.853). Conclusions: The K6 is a valid and reliable measure of psychological distress among youth. Its brevity and robust predictive power for psychiatric disorder confirm its utility in clinical and community settings to identify youth needing comprehensive psychiatric assessment.

scholarly journals Mental Disorders Among Elderly People in Baghdad, Iraq, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 004695801984596
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulameer Ibrahim ◽  
Faris AI-Lami ◽  
Riyadh Al-Rudainy ◽  
Yousef S. Khader
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of mental disorders (MDs) among elderly people residing in nursing homes (NHs) and those living with their families (WF) in Baghdad, Iraq, 2017. A cross-sectional study was conducted on all elderly individuals residing in all NHs in Baghdad and an equal number of elderly people residing WF. MDs were defined based on Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). We used relevant World Health Organization–accredited tools to identify the types of MDs. The prevalence of MDs among elderly people was 38.7%, being statistically significantly ( P < .01) higher among those in NH (55.8%) compared with those living WF (21.5%). The proportion of types of MDs among NH versus WF residents was as follows: depression (35.4% vs 16.6%), anxiety (32.6% vs 9.9%), dementia (19.3% vs 5%), and suicide thoughts (25.4% vs 4.4%). The multivariate analysis showed many factors that were associated with MD. Low income, dependency on others, and being neglected were stronger determinant of MD among elderly people living WF. However, chronic joint pain, visual impairment, auditory impairment, and economic status deterioration were stronger determinant among those in NHs. The prevalence of MDs in the NH is more than double the prevalence in the community. We recommended enhancing elderly mental health care services including curative, preventive, and promotive activities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychological Distress in Suriname In Urban and Rural Areas: The Suriname Health Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
PW Gunther ◽  
M Sanches ◽  
CCF Smits ◽  
ISK Krishnadath
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Distress Scale

Objective: To describe the presence of mental distress in a representative sample of the Surinamese ethnic groups in the population, across urban and rural areas. Design and Methods: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was applied to data from the Suriname Health Study (n=5,434 (15 to 65 years)) designed according to WHO Steps guidelines,to determine prevalences for mental distress in all living areas. Calculations were made in subgroups of sex, age, ethnicity, education, income, marital and employment status. The Odds Ratio (OR) for Sex and Ethnicity was estimated for mild-moderate and severe mental distress. Results: An overall prevalence of 3.8% (95%CI, 3.3-4.4) was observed for severe mental distress, 4.9% (95%CI, 4.4-5.5) for moderate mental distress and 10.8% (95%CI,10.0-11.6) for mild mental distress. The OR for mild-moderate and severe mental distress was 0.7 and 0.5 for men compared to women and higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress were found in women compared to men. Respondents with lower education and lower income showed higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress. Prevalence was also higher among respondents living in urban versus rural coastal areas, among singles versus people living with a partner and in unemployed versus employed. Maroons had higher Odds for mild-moderate and severe mental distress compared to Hindustani. Amerindian and Javanese had lower Odds for mild-moderate mental distress and Creole had lower Odds for Severe mental distress compared to Hindustani. Conclusions: Overall 19.5% of respondents reported mental distress. The main risk factors were female gender, Maroon ethnicity, low level of education and income, living in urban areas, unemployment and being single.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mental disorders among Children and Teenagers in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Azizollah Mojahed ◽  
◽  
Behzad Rigi Kooteh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Salman Alavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

Background: Paying attention to psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence is critical. It causes the occurrence of mental disorders in adulthood. The present study aimed to explore the frequency of mental disorders among children and adolescents in Zahedan City, Iran. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Individuals aged between 6 and 18 years were included in this investigation. In total, 1003 children and adolescents were selected by the random cluster sampling method. To collect the required information, in addition to demographic information, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL) for school-age Children-Present and Lifetime version was employed. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression method. Results: A total of 1003 children and adolescents participated in the study; of them, 489 (48.8%) and 514(51.2%) were males and females, respectively. The Mean±SD age of study participants was 11.96±3.99 years. Moreover, 86.8% of the study subjects were from urban areas and 13.2% from rural areas. The highest prevalence of psychiatric disorders concerned behavioral disorders (6.8%); anxiety disorders (6.7%); The lowest prevalence were related to post-traumatic stress disorder (0.2%) and autism (0.1%). The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorder among children and adolescence was 14.4%. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders similar to previous studies in the same age groups. The estimates played an important role in designing useful programs and interventions.

scholarly journals Predictors of Psychological Stress Occurring After the First Wave of the COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Stady in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale

The article presents the results of research aimed to identify the predictors of psychological distress among Poles seven months after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19. In order to gather the research material, the CAWI on-line survey method was applied and carried out within the framework of the Ariadna Research Panel on the sample of 1079 Poles aged 15 and over. The results of the conducted research indicate that Polish society experienced psychological distress as a result of the first wave of the pandemic. According to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), no mental disorders were observed among 36% of Poles, mild mental disorders were observed among 23% of respondents, average levels of disorders were observed among 18% of respondents, whereas high levels of disorders were observed among 23% of respondents. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of psychological distress. In the first stage, socio-demographic variables explained 20% of the distress variance. In the second stage, the variables measuring social nuisances of the pandemic were introduced, which increased the percentage of the explained stress variance to 33%. In the third stage, the introduced psychological variables increased the percentage of the explained variance to 73%. The main factor which increased stress levels was neuroticism. The conducted analyses have shown that the lack of social, economic and psychological capital significantly increases the susceptibility to distress when a threat to life and health lasts for a prolonged period of time.

PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS OCCURRING AFTER THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
On Line ◽  
Distress Scale

The article presents the results of research aimed to identify the predictors of psychological distress among Poles seven months after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19. In order to gather the research material, the CAWI on-line survey method was applied and carried out within the framework of the Ariadna Research Panel on the sample of 1079 Poles aged 15 and over. The results of the conducted research indicate that Polish society experienced psychological distress as a result of the first wave of the pandemic. According to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), no mental disorders were observed among 36% of Poles, mild mental disorders were observed among 23% of respondents, average levels of disorders were observed among 18% of respondents, whereas high levels of disorders were observed among 23% of respondents. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of psychological distress. In the first stage, socio-demographic variables explained 20% of the distress variance. In the second stage, the variables measuring social nuisances of the pandemic were introduced, which increased the percentage of the explained stress variance to 33%. In the third stage, the introduced psychological variables increased the percentage of the explained variance to 73%. The main factor which increased stress levels was neuroticism. The conducted analyses have shown that the lack of social, economic and psychological capital significantly increases the susceptibility to distress when a threat to life and health lasts for a prolonged period of time.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Childhood and Adolescence: The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Paola Bozzatello ◽  
Cecilia Blua ◽  
Paola Rocca ◽  
Silvio Bellino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

There is increasing awareness of the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for optimal brain development and function. In recent decades, researchers have confirmed the central role of PUFAs in a variety of patho-physiological processes. These agents modulate the mechanisms of brain cell signalling including the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Therefore, nutritional insufficiencies of PUFAs may have adverse effects on brain development and developmental outcomes. The role of n-3 PUFAs has been studied in several psychiatric disorders in adulthood: schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorder, and borderline personality disorder. In contrast to the great number of studies conducted in adults, there are only limited data on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in children and adolescents who suffer from mental disorders or show a high risk of developing psychiatric disorders. The aim of this review is to provide a complete and updated account of the available evidence of the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids on developmental psychopathology in children and adolescents and the effect of fatty acid supplementation during developmental milestones, particularly in high-risk populations of children with minimal but detectable signs or symptoms of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Nastaran Ahmadi ◽  
Ali Khaleghi ◽  
Seyed Ali Mostafavi ◽  
Koorosh Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services.

scholarly journals Elucidating the neuroanatomical correlates of social connectedness, sleep quality and psychological distress in early adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jamieson ◽  
Larisa T McLoughlin ◽  
Denise A Beaudequin ◽  
Zack Shan ◽  
Amanda Boyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence is an important period for developing one’s sense of self. Social connectedness has been linked to a sense of self which in turn has links to resilience in mental disorders. Adolescence is also a period of increased risk of chronic sleep deprivation during a time of ongoing white matter (WM) maturation. The complex relationship between these variables and their relationship with the onset on mental disorders during adolescence remains largely unexplored.MethodsN = 64 participants aged 12 years (M = 12.6) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Social connectedness scale (SCS) and a diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan to investigate the relationship of these variables to predict psychological distress via the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) in early adolescents. Multiple regression analysis was used with K10 entered as the dependent variable and SCS, PSQI, and values of white matter integrity as the predictor variables.ResultsResults showed that while all four variables collectively accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in K10 (41.1%), SCS and PSQI were the only predictors that accounted for a significant proportion of variance uniquely.ConclusionsThese findings suggest interventions aimed at increasing levels of social connectedness and sleep quality during adolescence may reduce psychological distress. Future longitudinal reporting of this combination of variables is suggested.

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