Bioactive chemical compounds identified in extracts of Reseda sphenocleoides leaves and evaluation of antiamoebic activity in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Abdulnabi H. Mehdi ◽  
Mohammad Mohsin ◽  
Fadel Y. S. Alarabi ◽  
Gozif Mohammed N. Omar ◽  
Mazahar Farooqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Histolytica Infection ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antiamoebic Activity

Background: Entamoeba histolytica is a causative agent of amoebiasis, estimated to cause more than 100,000 deaths per year. Metronidazole is used to treatment of E. histolytica infection. However, this drug has several untoward side effects, the current study was designed to analysis of the bioactive chemical products in extracts of Reseda sphenocleoides leaves and evaluation of anti-amoebic activity in vitro. Methods: Bioactive chemical compounds were tests by GC-MS and FT-IR. Entamoeba histolytica was cultured under xenic conditions in Locke's egg (LE) medium and different concentrations of extracts of R. sphenocleoides were added to cultivated parasites. Results: 11 and 18 bioactive phytochemical compounds were showed in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. sphenocleoides leaves respectively by GC-MS analysis. FT-IR analysis of extracts of R. sphenocleoides leaves proved the presence many functional groups for various phytocompounds. The ethanolic extract of R. sphenocleoides leaves was showed inhibits the growth of E. histolytica in vitro at concentrations 5 and 10 mg/ml after 96 hrs of incubation. While the highest concentration 20 mg/ml used in this study inhibited the E. histolytica in all times of incubation. The aqueous extract showed there was no growth of E. histolytica at the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml after 72 and 48 hrs respectively. However, the higher concentfrations (15 and 20 mg/ml) of the aqueous extract were on the growth of the E. histolytica parasite during the period of incubation. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. sphenocleoides leaves was <15 mg/ml, <10 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: The results specify that the extracts of R. sphenocleoides has a higher capacity in reducing of E. histolytica number in vitro. Moreover, these results showed that the extracts of R. sphenocleoides contains various bioactive compounds and therefore has various medicinal properties that can be used for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Antiamoebic Potential of Actinopyga lecanora (Jaeger)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijai Lakshmi ◽  
Sheela Ghosal
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Histolytica Infection ◽  
Antiamoebic Activity

Human amoebiasis, due to Entamoeba histolytica infection, is mainly associated with morbidity thus affecting the quality of life and pace of development in the countries with warm climatic conditions. So far, the available drugs provide only symptomatic relief and they are not devoid of side effects. This leads to obtain novel molecules from natural sources having antiamoebic activity. The methanol extract of Actinopyga lecanora (Jaeger) displayed antiamoebic activity. It showed MIC 125 ?g/ml in our in-vitro studies, but when it was tested in rats, it revealed 88% inhibition of trophozoites at the dose of 900 mg/kg body weight against Entamoeba histolytica. Further work is in progress for the isolation and characterization of active molecules.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(2): 118-120, 2015

scholarly journals In vitro oocysticidal sporulation inhibition of Eimeria tenella and antioxidant efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Conyza aegyptiaca

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tana Toah ◽  
◽  
Vincent Khan Payne1, ◽  
Yamssi Cedric ◽  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

Avian coccidiosis is probably one of the most expensive parasitic diseases with major economic impact on poultry industries worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Conyza aegyptiaca in terms of phytonutrients, in vitro oocysts sporulation inhibition and antioxidant properties. The extraction process of plant leaf powder (100 g) pulverized using a clean manual grinder was carried out in ethanol and hot water and the yields were calculated as a percentage ratio of extract mass on plant powder mass after solvent evaporation. Phytochemical analysis procedures were performed to determine the presence of phytonutrients. The in vitro oocysticidal sporulation inhibition was determined at five different concentrations (0.25; 0.5; 1; 2 and 4 mg/ml) of each extract in petri dishes each containing 3000 unsporulated oocysts and examined after 24 and 48 hours under a microscope. In vitro antioxidant capacity of extracts was estimated using different assays. Quantitative aqueous extract (11.72%) was higher than ethanolic extract (4.34%). In terms of qualitative yields, ethanolic extract revealed higher phytonutrients investigated (100%) than aqueous extract (42.86%). The sporulation inhibition of ethanolic extract was generally higher than the aqueous extract after 24 and 48 h and varied according to the different tested concentrations. In all the antioxidant assays, ethanolic extract exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity with inhibitory concentration (IC50=26.10±1.09) close to that of ascorbic acid at the probability level of 5% error (p<0.05). The ethanolic extract with higher free radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing effect also showed significant higher content of both phenols (127.01±3.99 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (108.66±3.49 mgCE/g) than aqueous extracts, suggesting correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Data from this study could be used for developing bioactive elements for natural anticoccidials and antioxidants of health promoting activities

scholarly journals In Vivo and in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Extracts of Pandiaka angustifolia (Vahl.) Hepper (Amaranthaceae) Used in Traditional Medicine in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. M. Thiombiano ◽  
Mindiédiba Jean Bangou ◽  
Yougbaré-Ziébrou Mouhibatou ◽  
Martin Kiendrebeogo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Pandiaka angustifolia Valh Hepper (Amaranthaceae) whole plant is used in folk Burkinabe’s medicine to treat ailments with an inflammatory component. Previous studies revealed the antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase, and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the plant, but to the best of our knowledge, its anti-inflammatory activities were not reported before. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of P. Angustifolia hexane and aqueous extracts using in vitro enzymatic methods and in vivo methods and verify the best anti-inflammatory extract implication in KATP pathways. Experiments: acute toxicity of the plant was conducted under OECD 423 guidelines. Phospholipase and cyclooxygenases were pro-inflammatory enzymes used to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts while carrageenan induced edema method was used to evaluate the anti-edematous activity and acetic acid inducing writhing method to evaluate the non-morphine analgesic effect of herbal mixture. ATP sensitive K+ channel assay was performed in vivo using the glibenclamide as ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) blocker. Results: enzymatic inhibition assays revealed that both hexane and aqueous extracts of P. angustifolia were good inhibitors against sPLA2 activity with IC50 values of 14.23 ± 0. 72 µg/mL and 11.56 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. Aqueous extract presented the best inhibition for COX-1 (IC50 = 24.76 ±0. 51 µg/mL) while hexane extract concentration that inhibit 50% of COX-2 was lesser than those of aqueous extract. P. angustifolia aqueous extract orally administrated to NMRI mice caused no death at the dose of 3000 mg/kg b.w indicating that the plant toxicity is low. While hexane extract was unable to reduce Carrageenan-induced edema, ethanolic extract were significantly active when extract was orally administrated. Non-morphine analgesic activity evaluation revealed that ethanolic extract was more efficient on writhing reduction than hexane extract. Nociception effect of the plant is linked with its effects on K+ ATP sensitive channels. Conclusion: Results indicate that the anti-inflammatory potential of P. angustifolia may be due to its polar phytoconstituents and observed pharmacological activities provide the scientific basis for the medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of ailment associated with inflammation.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rosmani Md Zin ◽  
Zahurin Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed A Alshawsh ◽  
Won F Wong ◽  
Normadiah M Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Vitro Assay

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.

scholarly journals In- vitro Hepatoprotective Action of the Crude Extracts of Luffa amara (Whole Fruit) and Rheum emodi (Rhizomes) in CCl4 Intoxicated Rat Hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Muna Abid ◽  
Zakia Abid ◽  
B. Syed Asad ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Isolated Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Primary Rat Hepatocytes

Aim: The objective of this in-vitro study involves evaluating the protective action of the extracts of L. amara (LA) (whole fruits including seeds) and R. emodi (RE) (rhizomes) at various concentrations on isolated primary rat hepatocytes. Methods: The pulverised dried whole fruits of L. amara (LA) and rhizomes of R.emodi (RE) were extracted successively with petroleum ether (PE), ethanol (EE) and distilled water (AE) and vacuum dried. These extracts of LA petroleum ether (PE), ethanolic (EE) and aqueous (AE) extracts and RE obtained were subjected to in vitro studies at doses of 25, 75, 100, and 150 µg/ml and silymarin (250 µg/ml) in CCl4 (1%) intoxicated primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures the hepatoprotective action of all the extracts of both plants at different doses was carried out using isolated rat hepatocytes which were subjected to CCl4 intoxication followed by estimating/ measuring the changes in serum biochemical markers – SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Total proteins (TP), total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB) and triglycerides (TGL). Results: Hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 was demonstrated in the rat primary monolayer hepatocyte culture using MMT assay with the ethanolic extracts of both plants showing more hepatocyte protective action compared to the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts by reducing the elevated serum marker levels. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts were found to express more protective action towards CCl4 intoxicated isolated primary rat hepatocytes in a dose dependant manner. Conclusion: Based on the result, it is suggested that the extract with the most hepatocyte protective action at a dose of 150µg is LA ethanolic extract (viability=88.24%), followed by LA aqueous extract (viability=84.31%), RE ethanolic extract (viability=88.24%) and RE aqueous extract (viability=88.24%) - which are comparable to the reference silymarin with viability at 92.15%. the petroleum ether extracts of both plants showed least hepatic cell viability with LA pet ether extract at 49.02% and RE pet ether extract at 47.85%

scholarly journals Evaluation of anticoagulant activity of aqueous extract of Cestrum nocturnum

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Chandra Kishore Tyagi ◽  
Deenanath Jhade ◽  
Sunil Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Prolonged Aptt ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

<p>The study evaluated anticoagulant properties of the aqueous extract of <em>Cestrum nocturnum</em> using aPTT-Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, PT- Prothrombin Time &amp; TT-Thrombin Time as standard procedures.</p><p>For <em>in vitro</em> coagulation assays, aqueous extract of plant prolonged APTT, TT, and PT clotting times in a dose-dependent manner (Table 7). It prolonged APTT clotting time from 45 ± 2 (2mg/mL) to 82.2 ± 2.63s (10mg/mL), PT clotting time from 20.4 ± 1.49 (2mg/mL) to 31.4 ± 2.15s (10mg/mL), and TT clotting time from 9.2 ± 1.16 (2mg/mL) to 17.4 ± 1.01s (10mg/mL) at the concentration of 2 to 10mg/mL. Heparin prolonged APTT and PT clotting times more than 111.8s and 40.8s, respectively, at a concentration of 1 IU/mL. Heparin prolonged TT clotting times more than 20.6s at a concentration of 1 IU/mL.</p><p>The phytochemical screening of the plant confirm the presence of saponin in the water and ethanolic extract, Alkaloid in all the extract except hexane extract, tannin in water, ethanol and methanol extract, amino acid in water and ethanolic extract, carbohydrate in water and methanolic extract and triterpenoids and glycoside were absent in all the extracts. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of <em>Cestrum nocturnum</em> possesses pharmacologically active anticoagulant principles that could be isolated and evaluated for clinical or physiological purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Juglans Regia Bark against Oral Pathologic Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faramarz Zakavi ◽  
Leila Golpasand Hagh ◽  
Arash Daraeighadikolaei ◽  
Ahmad Farajzadeh Sheikh ◽  
Arsham Daraeighadikolaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

Background. In this study antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Juglans regia bark in Iran was evaluated on four different oral bacteria,Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus salivarius,Streptococcus sanguis, andStaphylococcus aureus.Methods. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Juglans regia bark were prepared by using disk diffusion technique and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Tetracycline 30 μg and Erythromycin 15 μg were used as positive control and water as negative control in disk diffusion and MIC methods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.Results. The results showed thatS. sanguisandS. mutanswere the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria against ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Ethanolic extract had significant antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria. Aqueous extract did not show antibacterial effect onS. mutans, in contrast to ethanolic extract. Aqueous extract had significantly antibacterial effect againstStaphylococcus aureus,S. salivarius, andS. sanguiscompared to control (P<0.0001), but it did not show effect onS. mutanswhen compared with Erythromycin. According to the obtained MIC values, ethanol extract of Juglans regia bark had the lowest rate.Conclusion. The results may provide the basis for using natural antimicrobial substance for oral hygiene prophylaxis purposes.

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Bacillus Clausii

Humans and plants are experiencing different kinds of diseases. Many of these diseases are mainly caused by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses that adversely affect their hosts. Bioactive compounds produced by bacteria can be used to treat the infections caused by these microorganisms. Free radicals that can cause serious damage to the cell can be repressed by antioxidants that are produced by bacteria as secondary compounds. The current case study was therefore planned to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of the organic and aqueous extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10 isolated recently by our group from hot springs of Tatta Pani, Poonch, Azad Kashmir. The antimicrobial activities were assessed using well diffusion method against two Gram positive bacteria; B. subtilis, and S. aureus, and two Gram negative bacteria; E. coli and P. multocida and three fungal strains; A. niger, A. parasiticus and A. ustus. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were done by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. In our experiments the maximum zones of inhibition were shown by ethanolic extract against P. multocida (21 mm), S. aureus (13 mm) and methanol soluble fraction showed zone of inhibition against A. ustus (21 mm) as compared to the standard ciprofloxacin for bacteria and as antifungal agents with terbinafine. In our studies n-hexane fraction of B. clausii KP10 showed maximum 88.67% antioxidant activity. Finally, results were analyzed statistically through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hence it is proved that the bioactive fractions obtained from B. clausii KP10 are good source of antimicrobials and antioxidants and they can be used as medicines in future for the respective treatments.

scholarly journals Antiprotozoal Activity Against Entamoeba histolytica of Flavonoids Isolated from Lippia graveolens Kunth

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea ◽  
Javier Vargas-Villarreal ◽  
María Julia Verde-Star ◽  
Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo ◽  
Ángel David Torres-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antiprotozoal Activity ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Antiamoebic Activity ◽  
Work Up ◽  
First Time

Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is nowadays a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Annually, up to 100,000 deaths occur across the world. Due to the resistance that pathogenic protozoa exhibit against commercial antiprotozoal drugs, a growing emphasis has been placed on plants used in traditional medicine to discover new antiparasitics. Previously, we reported the in vitro antiamoebic activity of a methanolic extract of Lippia graveolens Kunth (Mexican oregano). In this study, we outline the isolation and structure elucidation of antiamoebic compounds occurring in this plant. The subsequent work-up of this methanol extract by bioguided isolation using several chromatographic techniques yielded the flavonoids pinocembrin (1), sakuranetin (2), cirsimaritin (3), and naringenin (4). Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved by spectroscopic/spectrometric analyses and comparing literature data. These compounds revealed significant antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests, showing a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 28 to 154 µg/mL. Amebicide activity of sakuranetin and cirsimaritin is reported for the first time in this study. These research data may help to corroborate the use of this plant in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia.

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