Study of Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and DNA Damage Protecting Activities of Cinnamomum cassia Extracts Obtained by Sequential Extraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Kianpour Rad ◽  
Abolfazl Movafagh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antiproliferative Effect ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia) is an evergreen tree in China and southern and eastern Asia. In traditional medicine, cinnamon is widely used due to its many bioactivity effects. Objective: The aim of the present novel study is to evaluate and make comparison of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of different extractions of C. cassia bark using seven solvents having different polarities. Solvents polarity gradients start with the solvent of lower polarity, n-hexane and end with water as the highest polar solvent. Among the extracts, acetone extract contains the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents; therefore it is assessed for the ability to protect DNA from damage. Methods: The extracts are evaluated for total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities, using FRAP, DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals scavenging assays. DNA damage protecting activity of the acetone extract is studied with comet assay. Each of the extracts is studied for its antiproliferative effect against, MCF-7, MDAMB- 231(breast cancer) and HT29 (colon cancer), using MTT assay. Results: The acetone extract exhibited the highest FRAP value, phenolic and flavonoids contents when compared to the other extracts and could protect 45% mouse fibroblast cell line (3T3-L1) from DNA damage at 30 μg/ml. The lowest IC50 value in DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals scavenging was noticed in ethyl acetate extract. IC50 value obtained for the hexane extract was the lowest compared to the other extracts in scavenging nitric oxide radicals. The hexane extract showed the highest antiproliferative effect against cancer cells followed by the chloroform extract. The ethyl acetate extract inhibited the proliferation of only MCF-7 by IC50 of 100 μg/ml, while the other extracts exhibited no IC50 in all the cancer cells. Conclusions: C. cassia shows promise antioxidant and anticancer activities with significant DNA damage protecting effect.

In Vitro Tracing of Cytotoxic Compounds in Jarak Cina Stem Bark (Jatropha Multifida Linn.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sista Werdyani ◽  
Annisa Fitria ◽  
Sari Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Jatropha Multifida ◽  
Mcf 7

Cancer remains one of the diseases with increasing number of sufferers, but research on compounds that act as anti-cancer is also ongoing. Terpenoids have been known as a compound that can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. One of the medical plants that produce terpenoids is Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.). Therefore, the possibility of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) to have an cytotoxic activity on cancer cell proliferation is reasonably high. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic activity of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) bark extracts against cancer cell MCF-7. Jarak cina bark was extracted using the multilevel soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as the solvents. All the three extracts were then tested against MCF-7 cancer cells using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Data analysis was performed for IC50 (ppm) parameter. The results showed that the IC50 of n-hexane extract was 313.21 ppm, while the ethyl acetate extract reached 258.38 ppm of IC50, and the IC50 of ethanol extract was 418.51 ppm. The highest potential of cytotoxicity was found in the ethyl acetate extract, so further testing would be required to optimize the proliferation inhibitory activity.

Ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata induces antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen‐Yang Tang ◽  
Sheng‐Yao Peng ◽  
Yuan‐Bin Cheng ◽  
Chun‐Lin Wang ◽  
Ammad Ahmad Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells

scholarly journals Comparative Antioxidant Potential of Different Extracts of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Tuz Zohera ◽  
Md Razibul Habib ◽  
Mohammad Zafar Imam ◽  
Md Ehsanul Hoque Mazumder ◽  
Md Sohel Rana
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Celastrus Paniculatus

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the comparative antioxidant potential of methanol, ethyl acetate, pet ether and water extracts of Celastrus paniculatus seed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using total phenol and flavonoid content determination assays, total antioxidant capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical assay, Reducing power assessment, Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay and Cupric ion reducing capacity assay (CUPRAC method). The extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. The extracts were found to contain phenolics and flavonoid compounds. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC50 value (585.58μg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid. In nitric oxide scavenging assay IC50 value was found to be 122.99μg/ml, 320.54μg/ml, 601.81μg/ml and 206.37μg/ml respectively for the Water, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Pet Ether extracts compared to 6.83μg/ml which was the IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid. The extracts also showed good reducing power. The results of the present study indicate that the extracts possesses significant antioxidant potential of which ethyl acetate extract is the most promising one and possess highest antioxidant potential. Key Words: Celastrus paniculatus; antioxidant; DPPH; NO scavenging; CUPRAC; ROS. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6802S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 68-74

scholarly journals CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ERIOCAULON CINEREUM R.BR TO MCF-7 AND VERO CELL LINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
ARDE TOGA NUGRAHA ◽  
ASGAR PURNAMA ◽  
SITI NURUL KOMARIAH ◽  
HADY ANSHORI T ◽  
HADY ANSHORI T
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mcf 7

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the strength of the Eriocaulon cinereum R.Br plant against breast cancer cells (MCF7) and cytotoxicagainst Vero cells.Methods: E. cinereum R.Br was taken from the province of Bangka Belitung and then extracted in stages with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol.Then, the ethyl acetate extract was fractionated using the vacuum liquid chromatography method with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate solvents.Sample was tested for MCF-7 cells and Vero cells using the MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The dataobtained is analyzed by probit SPSS.Results: The results of this study showed that the best IC50 extract was ethyl acetate extract with an IC50 value of 450.31 μg/ml. Then, ethyl acetateextract produced dichloromethane fraction with IC50 value of 443.52 μg/ml and ethyl acetate with IC50 value of 214.75 μg/ml. Ethyl acetate fractionwas also tested against Vero cells to see cytotoxic against normal human cells with IC50 679.11 μg/ml

scholarly journals Cell Cycle Inhibition and Apoptotic Induction of Vernonia amygdalina Del. Leaves Extract on MCF-7 Cell Line

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 3807-3810
Author(s):  
Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan ◽  
Dian Fachrunisa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Cell Cycle Inhibition ◽  
Mcf 7

OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity, cell cycle inhibition, and apoptosis induction of the ethyl acetate extract of the African leaves Vernonia amygdalina Del. on the MCF-7 cancer cells.   METHODS: The extraction of Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaves was done using the maceration method whereas the cytotoxic was performed using MTT assay. After that, the cell cycle testing and apoptosis induction were conducted using flow cytometry assay.   RESULTS: The IC50  values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina Del. on the MCF-7 cancer cells were 206.211±0.99, 50,365±0.07, and 967.033 ± 2.68 µg/mL, respectively. The percentage of the cycle cell results in the G0-G1 phase in the cell control with 72.08% decreased in the treatment with ethyl acetate extract 1/2 IC50 with 62.58% and 1/5 IC50 with 44.72%. For the S and G2-M phase, the highest percentage was found in the ethyl acetate extract 1/5 IC50 treatment with 47.27% and 9.50% which were higher than the control cells with 23.26% and 5.90%.   CONCLUSION: Based on the results, the Vernonia amygdalina Del. extract provides chemopreventive agent as anti-cancer. Our future study will assess the mechanism of ethyl acetate fraction in inhibiting angiogenesis and metastatic in breast cancer.

scholarly journals Antiproliferation for Breast Cancer Cells by Ethyl Acetate Extract of Nepenthes thorellii x (ventricosa x maxima)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Ou-Yang ◽  
I-Hsuan Tsai ◽  
Jen-Yang Tang ◽  
Ching-Yu Yen ◽  
Yuan-Bin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Antitumor Effects

Extracts from the Nepenthes plant have anti-microorganism and anti-inflammation effects. However, the anticancer effect of the Nepenthes plant is rarely reported, especially for breast cancer cells. Here, we evaluate the antitumor effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes thorellii x (ventricosa x maxima) (EANT) against breast cancer cells. Cell viability and flow cytometric analyses were used to analyze apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. EANT exhibits a higher antiproliferation ability to two breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and SKBR3) as compared to normal breast cells (M10). A mechanistic study demonstrates that EANT induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells with evidence of subG1 accumulation and annexin V increment. EANT also induces glutathione (GSH) depletion, resulting in dramatic accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), as well as the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These oxidative stresses attack DNA, respectively leading to DNA double strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in γH2AX and 8-oxo-2′deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) assays. Overall these findings clearly revealed that EANT induced changes were suppressed by the ROS inhibitor. In conclusion, our results have shown that the ROS-modulating natural product (EANT) has antiproliferation activity against breast cancer cells through apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.

scholarly journals Correction: Ou-Yang, F. et al. Antiproliferation for Breast Cancer Cells by Ethyl Acetate Extract of Nepenthes thorellii x (ventricosa x maxima). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3238

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Fu Ou-Yang ◽  
I-Hsuan Tsai ◽  
Jen-Yang Tang ◽  
Ching-Yu Yen ◽  
Yuan-Bin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Published Paper

The authors would like to make corrections to their published paper [...]

scholarly journals Differential Mechanisms of Cell Death Induced by HDAC Inhibitor SAHA and MDM2 Inhibitor RG7388 in MCF-7 Cells

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umamaheswari Natarajan ◽  
Thiagarajan Venkatesan ◽  
Vijayaraghavan Radhakrishnan ◽  
Shila Samuel ◽  
Appu Rathinavelu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Hdac Inhibitor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Mcf 7

Gene expression is often altered by epigenetic modifications that can significantly influence the growth ability and progression of cancers. SAHA (Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, also known as Vorinostat), a well-known Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, can stop cancer growth and metastatic processes through epigenetic alterations. On the other hand, Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that can elicit strong anti-cancer effects on breast cancer through direct and indirect mechanisms. A newly developed inhibitor, RG7388 specific for an oncogene-derived protein called MDM2, is in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. In this paper, we performed assays to measure the effects of cell cycle arrest resulting from individual drug treatments or combination treatments with SAHA + letrozole and SAHA + RG7388, using the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. When SAHA was used individually, or in combination treatments with RG7388, a significant increase in the cytotoxic effect was obtained. Induction of cell cycle arrest by SAHA in cancer cells was evidenced by elevated p21 protein levels. In addition, SAHA treatment in MCF-7 cells showed significant up-regulation in phospho-RIP3 and MLKL levels. Our results confirmed that cell death caused by SAHA treatment was primarily through the induction of necroptosis. On the other hand, the RG7388 treatment was able to induce apoptosis by elevating BAX levels. It appears that, during combination treatments, with SAHA and RG7388, two parallel pathways might be induced simultaneously, that could lead to increased cancer cell death. SAHA appears to induce cell necroptosis in a p21-dependent manner, and RG7388 seems to induce apoptosis in a p21-independent manner, outlining differential mechanisms of cell death induction. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the intracellular mechanisms that are triggered by these two anti-cancer agents.

scholarly journals The Dose Effect of Mangrove Leaf Extract (Rhizophora apiculata) on Anticancer Activity in HeLa Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Mahfud Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cell ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Disease cancer caused by abnormal growth of tissue where there has been an error, fast and out of control. Judging from the fact of gender, more than 270,000 women die every year caused by cervical cancer. To inhibit the growth of cancer cells, a compound is needed that causes the cell cycle to stop so that the ability of cell proliferation decreases. Alkaloid compounds can inhibit proliferation through oxidative inhibition processes that can cause cancer. Mangrove plants have potential as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. The content of chemical compounds found in mangroves are flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenolites, saponins and tannins. These compounds show high antioxidant activity and are shown to have a real relationship with the properties of the material's bioactivity against cancer cells. One of the mangrove species is Rhizophora apiculata. The purpose of this study was to determine the IC50 value produced by Rhizophora apiculata mangrove leaf extract on HeLa cell viability and to see the effect of Rhizophora apiculata mangrove leaf extract dosage on HeLa cell viability. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The research parameters included yield, proximate test, phytochemical test, toxicity test, total phenol test, cytotoxicity test and LC-MS test. The experimental design used was a simple and complex completely randomized design (CRD) with the Tukey test.The results of this study showed that the highest yield was in the ethanol extract of 5.91%, while the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts respectively had yields of 1.18% and 1.31%. The results of the proximate test on the water content of leaves and powder were 64.53% and 13.86%, respectively, the results of the ash content in the leaves and powder of Rhizophora apiculata were 3.94% and 8.41%, respectively. while the water content in the extract obtained the highest yield in the ethanol extract of 21.42%, while the n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract were 11.08% and 15.42%, respectively. For phytochemical results, it was found that n-hexane extract only contained alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. Ethyl acetate extract contains steroid compounds. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract contains the most bioactive compounds, namely saponins, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids. The toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method resulted in the lowest IC50 of ethanol extract at 49.45 ppm while the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were 251.63 ppm and 920.45 ppm respectively. In the total phenol test, the n-hexane extract was 66.79 mg GAE / 100 gr, 222.97 mg GAE / 100 gr ethyl acetate extract and 929.04 mg GAE / 100 gr ethanol extract. HeLa cell cytotoxicity testing using the MTT method (3- (4,5-dimethiltiazol-2-yl) -2,5-dipheniltetra zolium bromide) assay resulted in the highest cell viability value at a dose of 125 ppm of 46.97%. As for the doses of 250 ppm, 500 ppm 1000 ppm, and 2000 ppm resulted in a percentage of viability of 42.95% 37.70% 35.82% and 32.12%, respectively. The IC50 value of Rhizophora apiculata leaf extract was 64.42 ppm. This value indicates that the Rhizophora apiculata extract is toxic to HeLa cells.

scholarly journals The Synthesis of Cinchonine Tiglat Ester Compound and Cytotoxic Test Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khanifudin ◽  
Gian Primahana ◽  
Sylvia Rizky Prima ◽  
Puspa Dewi Lotulung ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Cinchona Alkaloid ◽  
Alamar Blue ◽  
Tiglic Acid ◽  
Spectroscopy Instrumentation ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Mcf 7

Cinchonine is a type of cinchona alkaloid compound commonly found and/or isolated from Cinchona sp. plant. It is commonly used to treat malaria, and can potentially be used against cancer cells. In this particular study, cinchonine ester derivatives were extracted through esterification processs. Synthesized esther is aimed to gain higher lipophilicity of cinchonine so that makes it easier to pass through cell membrane. Esterification was done using DCC activator as well as DMAP catalyst with tiglic acid used to create cinchonine tiglat. Subsequent cinchonine tiglat was obtained in the form of oil with 25,28% yield. The compound obtained from the synthesis was the analyzed using LC-ESI-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy instrumentation. Results show that the target compound has been successfully synthesized. Its cytotoxic ability against MCF-7 breast cancer cells was tested using the Alamar Blue method. Results concluded that cinchonine tiglat ester compound has a viable cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 1.22 ppm.

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