scholarly journals COVID-19: Morphology, Characteristics, Symptoms, Prevention, Clinical Diagnosis and Current Scenario

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Tansukh Barupal ◽  
Praveen Kumar Tak ◽  
Mukesh Meena
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Respiratory Tract Sample ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Morphology Characteristics

Background: There are different types of viruses found in nature which cause infection in humans and other animals, some causing severe illness and others not. A unique coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. Objective: This review article includes characteristics of COVID-19, current scenario of disease, causes and symptoms of disease and how to prevent from its infection. Methods: We accomplished a comprehensive evaluation of the communication amid COVID-19 disease and serious effects of the disease. There are many articles describing the general characteristics, prevention and its harmful effects on humans which were included. The clinical diagnosis and present scenario of the disease were also reviewed. Results: The recent outbreak of contagions with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many governments of the world, scholars and scientists are engaged to discover the proper treatment and until a proper and right treatment for it is found, we have to be careful to avoid infection. Conclusion: At present, the whole world is struggling with COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 quickly spread into at least 215 countries and exterminated more than 300,000 persons by May 15, 2020. This is the time to exercise restraint and caution. The rapid extent of disease allows deep examination and quarantine conventions to prevent further transmission.

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Hamal ◽  
◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Brindeswari Kafle Bhandari ◽  
Anurag Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].

scholarly journals VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER: FACILIDADES E DIFICULDADES RELACIONADAS A ASSISTÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Reis de Oliveira ◽  
Chalana Duarte Sena ◽  
Gilvânia Patrícia Do Nascimento Paixão ◽  
Josinete Gonçalves dos Santos Lírio
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Violencia Domestica ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Target Agent

Considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como problema de saúde pública, a violência contra a mulher (VCM) é uma epidemia mundial, estima-se que as mulheres em vivência de violência doméstica, ao longo de suas vidas, apresentam mais problemas de saúde e buscam, com mais frequência os serviços de saúde do que pessoas que não sofrem estes maus tratos. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo: Identificar os fatores que facilitam e dificultam a assistência a saúde a mulher em situação de violência domestica segundo a literatura brasileira, visando à importância da identificação das mulheres em vivência de violência e a ampliação deste cuidado não apenas para a cura/tratamento, mas para o vínculo e acolhimento eficaz e humano entre o agente cuidador e o agente alvo de cuidados, visando à superação tanto do cenário atual, quanto de tal momento doloroso na vida na mulher.Descritores: Violência Doméstica e Sexual Contra a Mulher; Cuidados; associados ao uso do recurso booleano “AND”. ABSTRACT Considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health problem, violence against women (VCM) is a worldwide epidemic, it is estimated that women experiencing domestic violence throughout their lives have and seek health services more often than people who do not suffer from these ill-treatment. In view of the above, the present study aims to: Identify the factors that facilitate and hinder the health care of women in situations of domestic violence according to the Brazilian literature, aiming at the importance of identifying women in the experience of violence and the expansion of this care not only for the cure/treatment, but for the effective and humane bonding and reception between the caregiver agent and the target agent of care, aiming at overcoming both the current scenario and that painful moment in life in the woman. Descriptors: Domestic and Sexual Violence Against Women; Care; associated with the use of the boolean "AND".

scholarly journals Smallpox - past or not past?

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Kuljic-Kapulica
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
World Population ◽  
Variola Virus ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Natural Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Smallpox is a potentially deadly illness caused by the variola virus, an orthopoxvirus. Severe illness followed by blister-like body rash is the sign of smallpox. Smallpox symptoms develop about 12 days after exposure. V. variole can spread very readily by aerosol, which may lead to explosive epidemics. For centuries, smallpox has been a worldwide cause of death, killing about 30% of the infected people. In 1972, the epidemic of smallpox in ex-Yugoslavia was the largest postwar smallpox epidemic in Europe. The total number of the affected was 175, out of whom 35 with fatal outcome, accounting for 20% of mortality. However, after a decade-long vaccination effort, the last natural case of smallpox occurred in 1977 The only way to prevent smallpox epidemic is by vaccination and patients' isolation. The possibility of future bioterrorism attacks, which may cause a new outbreak of smallpox and return variola, is very serious. World population is not immune, because of lack of vaccination. In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease fully eradicated.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity test methods - a tool for DNA and chromosome damage biomonitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 626-630
Author(s):  
Nevenka Velickova ◽  
Misko Milev
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Cytogenetic Monitoring ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Harmful Effects

Nowadays, life is highly influenced by intense growth of various industries, high levels of pollution, and other environmental factors with harmful effects on human health. Therefore, cytogenetic monitoring is essential for detection of changes in the structure of chromosomes, which occur because of the effects of various genotoxic agents. In this review, we shall apprize the theoretical and experimental aspects of several tests for assessment of genotoxicity in humans such as Micronucleus assay, Comet assay, Chromosomal aberrations assessment and Sister chromatid exchanges analysis. These methods are accepted by the World Health Organization as standard tests for genotoxicological screening in humans. The methods are sensitive and confirm the cellular genotoxic effects of various genotoxicants.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Global Pandemic of 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-s) ◽  
pp. 311-321
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Budholiya ◽  
Abdul Wajid Ali ◽  
Deepshikha Gunwan ◽  
Sana Sahil ◽  
C.K. Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Director General ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Corona Viruses

In last of 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started monitoring the outbreak of a new corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes the respiratory illness now known as COVID-19. Authorities first identified the virus in Wuhan, China. More than 82542 case of Corona virus in China at 31 March 2020. Health authorities have identified many other people with COVID-19 around the world. On 31 March 2020, the virus spread more than 750890 People in the World. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency relating to COVID-19. Since then, this strain has been diagnosed in several residents of world. The CDC have advised that it is likely to spread to more people. COVID-19 has affected at least 213 countries or territories or areas. The first people with COVID-19 had links to an animal and seafood market. This fact suggested that animals initially transmitted the virus to humans. However, people with a more recent diagnosis had no connections with or exposure to the market, confirming that humans can pass the virus to each other. Corona viruses will infect most people at some time during their lifetime. Corona viruses can mutate effectively, which makes them so contagious. Information on the virus is scarce at present. In the past, respiratory conditions that develop from corona viruses, such as SARS and MERS, have spread through close contacts. On 17 February 2020, the Director-General of the WHO presented at a media briefing the following updates on how often the symptoms of COVID-19.However, while some viruses are highly contagious, it is less clear how rapidly corona viruses will spread. Symptoms vary from person-to-person with COVID-19. It may produce few or no symptoms. However, it can also lead to severe illness and may be fatal. On 11 March 2020, WHO declared Novel Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a Pandemic. Keywords: WHO, ICMR, SARS-CoV-2, Bats, Wuhan City, Pneumonia, Respiratory Infection, Pandemic

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Hamal ◽  
◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Brindeswari Kafle Bhandari ◽  
Anurag Jha; Arun Gnawali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].

scholarly journals Devices used for Treatment of Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Md. Niyaz Alam ◽  
Jainendra Jain ◽  
Azhar Danish Khan ◽  
Rahul Kaushik ◽  
Najam Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorder of the brain that affects around 1-2% of the population across the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy is characterized by periodically spontaneous seizures, which are usually due to excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. The earlier day electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are useful tool for detection of epileptic seizures.Epileptogenesis is a slow process. After several months of initial insult, spontaneous recurrent seizures begin to appear. Epilepsy is considered to be resolved for individuals who are seizure-free for the last 10 years, with no seizure medicines for the last 5 years. Currently, used drugs available for treating epilepsy have draw backs like Epileptogenesis and other dose-related side effects. In spite of daily treatment, nearly 30% of patients continue to have convulsions and fail to provide a complete cure. Hence, there is a need for another alternative option to control the epileptic seizure and minimize the duration of seizure without taking a medicine and improving the quality of patient’s life. In current scenario the Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has become an important tool for controlling the epileptic seizure. Vagus nerve stimulation is used for patient with refractory and drug resistant epilepsy. Various non-drug therapies form preclinical to clinical for controlling seizures in epileptic patients with drug resistance current available have been highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Managing patients with endocrine dysfunction during COVID-19: Review of literatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Patro PM ◽  
Rao KVJ
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Steroid ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is labeled as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12th March 2020, is sweeping across the world. There has been documented evidence from China that those patients who have endocrinological disorders face additional risks from COVID-19. Healthcare professionals consider people with diabetes are at higher risk of severe illness. As such people with diabetes are not more likely to get COVID-19 than the general population, but they experience severe symptoms, complications and worse outcome even death, once infected. Hence specific measures are advised for the diabetic patients. The same goes for people with autoimmune conditions that lead to adrenal insufficiency. There may be primary (Addison’s disease), secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency in some patients. They regulate the blood pressure, the immune response and body’s stress response. However, nearly 5% of the population takes long-term steroids for inflammatory conditions like bronchial asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases etc.; out of which many would have some degree of insufficient adrenal response in a crisis. As it relates to COVID-19, any such patient who has been on long term corticosteroid therapy; with a dry continuous cough, breathing difficulty and fever should immediately double their daily oral steroid dose and continue this regimen until the fever has subsided. It is recommended for people with adrenal insufficiency. Apart from that, they should seek immediate medical help to avoid complications. Keywords: COVID-19; diabetes; endocrinological disorders; SARS-CoV-2

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