Oxidative Stress and its Role in Prepubertal Children

Aims. Obesity is accompanied by the formation of oxygen free radicals, whose intensified activity without effective defense mechanisms can lead to oxidative stress and related complications. We evaluated the presence of oxidative stress in obese prepubertal children. Methods. The study included 83 healthy children aged 2–10 years (62 with obesity and 21 nonobese controls). Total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), lipid parameters, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results. Serum TOC concentration was significantly higher (p<0.05) and TAC concentration was lower (p<0.05) in obese children. OSI was higher (p<0.01) in obese subjects compared with controls. CRP levels were normal in all children, but median CRP value was higher (p<0.01) and HDL cholesterol levels were lower (p<0.05) in the obese group. We found a significant negative correlation between TAC and ox-LDL concentrations (r=−0.27, p<0.05) in obese children. Furthermore, obesity duration was positively correlated with TOC level (r=0.32, p<0.05) in this group. Conclusions. Obesity-related oxidative stress already occurs in prepubescence. Early obesity diagnosis and the necessary therapeutic activity implementation is a vital strategy for the prophylaxis of free radical damage and related multiorgan complications.

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Increased Oxidative Stress in Prepubertal Children Born Small for Gestational Age

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-1344 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 1372-1378 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Angelika Mohn ◽

Valentina Chiavaroli ◽

Marina Cerruto ◽

Annalisa Blasetti ◽

Cosimo Giannini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Context: Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The development of insulin resistance (IR) seems to play a pivotal role; no data on the oxidant-antioxidant status are available in this risk group. Objective: This study is an assessment of oxidant-antioxidant status in prepubertal children born small for gestational age (SGA) in comparison to healthy controls and the relationship to IR. Design: This cross-sectional study compares indexes of IR and oxidant-antioxidant status in three different groups (SGA+, SGA−, controls), with analysis by post hoc and Pearson correlation. Setting: The study was conducted in the Academic Department of Pediatrics. Participants: A total of 19 SGA+ and 16 SGA− children were compared with 13 controls. Intervention: No intervention was used. Main Outcome Measures: Indexes of IR (glucose to insulin ratio, homeostasis model assessment of IR) were evaluated, and markers of oxidative stress (lag phase, malonildialdehyde, vitamin E) were measured. Results: Homeostasis model assessment of IR was significantly higher in SGA+ than SGA− children (1.32 ± 0.9 vs. 0.69 ± 0.47; P = 0.03) and controls (0.71 ± 0.37; P = 0.04). Glucose to insulin ratio was significantly lower in SGA+ than SGA− children (12.41 ± 5.01 vs. 26.54 ± 17.18; P = 0.02) and controls (26.96 ± 20.70; P = 0.04). Lag phase was significantly shorter in SGA+ than SGA− children (24.3 ± 4.38 vs. 35.59 ± 11.29 min; P = 0.003) and controls (45.28 ± 7.69 min; P = 0.0001) and in SGA− than controls (P = 0.01). Malonildialdehyde was significantly higher in SGA+ than SGA− children (0.79 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 nmol/mg; P = 0.03) and controls (0.36 ± 0.04 nmol/mg; P = 0.0001) and in SGA− children than controls (P = 0.02). Vitamin E was significantly reduced in SGA+ children than controls (27.54 ± 7.9 vs. 43.23 ± 11.32 μmol/liter; P = 0.002). Conclusion: Oxidative stress is present in both SGA+ and SGA− children, with a continuous alteration in relation to IR. Therefore, catch-up growth might exert the greatest influence in the development of future diseases.

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Prepubertal children with suitable fitness and physical activity present reduced risk of oxidative stress

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F.J. Llorente-Cantarero ◽

M. Gil-Campos ◽

J.D. Benitez-Sillero ◽

M.C. Muñoz-Villanueva ◽

I. Túnez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Reduced Risk

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Improved oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic status in obese prepubertal children with liver steatosis treated with lifestyle combined with Vitamin E

Free Radical Research ◽

10.3109/10715762.2012.755262 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 146-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

E. D’Adamo ◽

M. L. Marcovecchio ◽

C. Giannini ◽

T. de Giorgis ◽

V. Chiavaroli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Metabolic Status ◽

Prepubertal Children

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Effect of oxidative stress on major plasma carotenoid content and composition in prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl20166264-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 4-9

Author(s):

Maria S. Pankratova ◽

Alexander I. Yusipovich ◽

Maria V. Vorontsova ◽

Tila T. Knyazeva ◽

Adil A. Baizhumanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Prepubertal Children

Objective and hypotheses. This study aimed at examining the effect of oxidative stress on amount and composition of major plasma carotenoids in prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD).Material and methods. Thirteen prepubertal treatment-naive children (2 girls, 11 boys; aged 3.5—12.0 yr, median 8.0 years; bone age 1.5—8.0 yr; median 6.0 years,) with GHD and 7 prepubertal health children (7 boys; aged 6—11 years; median 9.3 years) were included in the study. The levels and composition of carotenoids (lutein with zeaxanthin, lycopene isomers, β-cryptoxanthin, β- and α-carotene and ketocarotenoids) were measured using reverse phase HPLC. Activity of the antioxidant system was assayed via thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ceruloplasmin (CP) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma. Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were also measured.Results. The levels of TBARS, TC and LDL-C in the GHD children were higher than in healthy children (median 5.6 vs 3.8 µM/L, 4.00 vs 4.37 and 2.40 vs 2.70 mM/L, respectively). Total carotenoid level did not significantly differ between control and the GHD groups. However, contents of lutein and β-cryptoxanthin were significantly lower in the GHD children in comparison with control group (21.34 vs 6.97 and 25.23 vs 10.08 mg/l, respectively). In contrast, levels of lycopene, α- and β-carotene did not significantly differ in the GHD and control groups. At the same time, the level of ketocarotenoids in the GHD children increases (35.67 vs 114.9 mg/l).Conclusions. We observed that the presence of mild oxidative stress leads to a changes in carotenoid profile of GHD children.

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Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation may be risk factors for metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in obese prepubertal children

IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9790/5736-0563639 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Ghazwan Talal Mehdi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Metabolic Cardiovascular Syndrome

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Comparison of inflammation and oxidative stress levels by the severity of obesity in prepubertal children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi57.6.2017.279-84 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Ni Luh Putu Surya Candra Eka Pertiwi ◽

I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Severely Obese ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background Children with severe obesity are more likely to develop diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Inflammation and oxidative stress associated with childhood obesity may be important in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.Objective To compare levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by the severity of obesity in prepubertal children aged 6 to 10 years.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Syndrome Clinic, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, from August to December 2015. Subjects were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) groups, according to the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart: overweight (85th-94.9th percentile), obese (95th-98.9th percentile), or severely obese (≥ 99th percentile). Plasma MDA and serum hsCRP were analyzed in blood specimens obtained at enrollment. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for post-hoc comparison between groups.Results Subjects were 20 overweight children, 29 obese children, and 28 severely obese children. Levels of MDA were significantly higher in the severely obese [median 0.25 (IQR 0.1) μmol/L] than in obese subjects [median 0.19 (IQR 0.1) μmol/L; P=0.001], and than in overweight subjects [median 0.16 (IQR 0.1) μmol/L; P<0.0001]. Also, the severely obese children had significantly higher hsCRP levels compared to obese [median 3.2 (IQR 2.0) mg/L vs. 1.3 (1.6) mg/L, respectively; P<0.0001] and compared to overweight children [median 0.7 (IQR 0.6) mg/L; P<0.0001]. Conclusion Prepubertal children at the ≥ 99th percentile for BMI (severely obese) are more likely to have significantly higher hsCRP and MDA compared to those in the obese and overweight groups.

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Comparison of inflammation and oxidative stress levels by the severity of obesity in prepubertal children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi57.6.2017.1600 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Ni Luh Putu Surya Candra Eka Pertiwi ◽

I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Severely Obese ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background Children with severe obesity are more likely to develop diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Inflammation and oxidative stress associated with childhood obesity may be important in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.Objective To compare levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by the severity of obesity in prepubertal children aged 6 to 10 years.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Syndrome Clinic, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, from August to December 2015. Subjects were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) groups, according to the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart: overweight (85th-94.9th percentile), obese (95th-98.9th percentile), or severely obese (≥ 99th percentile). Plasma MDA and serum hsCRP were analyzed in blood specimens obtained at enrollment. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for post-hoc comparison between groups.Results Subjects were 20 overweight children, 29 obese children, and 28 severely obese children. Levels of MDA were significantly higher in the severely obese [median 0.25 (IQR 0.1) μmol/L] than in obese subjects [median 0.19 (IQR 0.1) μmol/L; P=0.001], and than in overweight subjects [median 0.16 (IQR 0.1) μmol/L; P<0.0001]. Also, the severely obese children had significantly higher hsCRP levels compared to obese [median 3.2 (IQR 2.0) mg/L vs. 1.3 (1.6) mg/L, respectively; P<0.0001] and compared to overweight children [median 0.7 (IQR 0.6) mg/L; P<0.0001]. Conclusion Prepubertal children at the ≥ 99th percentile for BMI (severely obese) are more likely to have significantly higher hsCRP and MDA compared to those in the obese and overweight groups.

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Lack of Association of Homocysteine Concentrations with Oxidative Stress, Alterations in Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Endothelial Reactivity in Prepubertal Children

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000350314 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza ◽

Vânia D'Almeida ◽

Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽

Sonia Hix ◽

Robson Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Media Thickness

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Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01638a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 8547-8559

Author(s):

Hongjing Zhao ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Mengyao Mu ◽

Menghao Guo ◽

Hongxian Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Human Health ◽

Grass Carp ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

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