scholarly journals Carbon Based Electrode Materials and their Architectures for Capacitive Deionization

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-242
Author(s):  
Bakhtiar Samejo ◽  
Shagufta Gul ◽  
Suraya Samejo ◽  
Naveed Qasim Abro ◽  
Najma Memon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Emerging Trends

The effective desalination and purification devices for seawater/ brackish water treatment are crucial in sustainable progress. Techniques that render high salt removal efficiency and water purification ability at low applied potentials play a central role in sustainable water supplies. One of them is capacitive deionization (CDI) which has drawn significant consideration as a promising deionization technology since the last decade. Desalination efficiency profoundly depends on the utilized electrode material. The most widely used CDI electrodes are carbons due to their cost effectiveness and good stability. However, to acquire high electrosorption capacity, extensive researches are reported with modified carbon materials. CDI cell architectures are equally important for practical high salt removal performance. This review focuses on carbon materials in CDI along with other emerging trends in diverse carbon types, e.g., carbon nanotubes and their composites. Various architectures reported in the literature to improve desalination efficiency are also included here.

scholarly journals New green electrode materials derived from waste cigarette butts for capacitive deionization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yang ◽  
Shudi Mao ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Zhuo Sun ◽  
Ran Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt

Abstract Smoked cigarette butts are a non-biodegradable pollutant that has damaged the planet. However, carbon materials derived from cigarette butts have proven to be suitable for various applications. We synthesized cigarette butt-derived carbon via hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation methods and then converted it to an electrode material for capacitive deionization. The fabricated material, SCC-750, exhibited a relatively high salt adsorption capacity of 10.27 mg g−1. The excellent CDI (capacitive deionization) performance is due to the high specific surface area of 3,093.10 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.754 cm3 g−1. This work offers a new method to recycle harmful cigarette butts by converting them into promising electrode materials for capacitive deionization.

3D hierarchical porous N-doped carbon quantum dots/vanadium nitride hybrid microflowers as a superior electrode material toward high-performance asymmetric capacitive deionization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Zhao ◽  
Zhibo Zhao ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xiangdong Ma ◽  
Meidan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Taking into account of time-confusing preparation processing and unsatisfied desalination capacity of carbon nanomaterials, exploring efficient electrode materials remains a great challenge for practical capacitive deionization (CDI) application. In this...

Frontiers of carbon materials as capacitive deionization electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 5006-5014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Zengling Li ◽  
Huibo Shao ◽  
Liangti Qu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Aerogels ◽  
Capacitive Deionization

Carbon materials are widely used as capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes due to their high specific surface area (SSA), superior conductivity, and better stability, including activated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes and graphene.

A comparative study of Ni–Mn layered double hydroxide/carbon composites with different morphologies for supercapacitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (43) ◽  
pp. 30068-30078 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Li ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
X. B. Zhang ◽  
J. P. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Double Hydroxide

A variety of carbon materials varying from 0D to 2D, i.e. 0D nanoparticles, 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are selected to in situ combine with Ni–Mn layered double hydroxide (LDH) to prepare electrode materials for supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Blue Refrigeration: Capacitive De-ionization for Brackish Water Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta C. Hatzell ◽  
Kelsey B. Hatzell
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Current State ◽  
Battery Electrode ◽  
Capacitive Electrode

There is a growing interest in minimizing the energy and cost associated with desalination. To do this, various new desalination systems and approaches are being explored. One growing area of interest revolves around electrochemical separations for deionization. Electrochemical separations primarily consist of technologies which either intercalate or electroadorb species of interest from a bulk mixture. This can be conducted through polarizing a battery electrode, or more commonly a capacitive electrode. One example is the technology capacitive deionization (CDI). CDI is being investigated as a means to augment the current state of the art, and as a stand-alone brackish water treatment technology. Despite the potential of this technology, there is still much that is not known regarding the energetics and efficiency of both the desalination and brine formation process. Here, blue refrigeration is a term used to broadly describe desalination cycles and processes. The analogy aims to compare the energetics associated with a desalination cycle to the energetics well studied in thermal refrigeration cycles. This perspective aims to evaluate some of the emerging energetic issues associated with CDI, and to describe how new system architectures may play a role in achieving more ideal energy and desalination performance.

Moderately oxidized graphene–carbon nanotubes hybrid for high performance capacitive deionization

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (64) ◽  
pp. 58907-58915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helan Zhang ◽  
Peng Liang ◽  
Yanhong Bian ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Xueliang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Capacitive Deionization

Moderately oxidized graphene–carbon nanotubes hybrid can be used as good electrode materials for CDI with enhanced electrosorption capacity.

A TiO2 nanofiber/activated carbon composite as a novel effective electrode material for capacitive deionization of brackish water

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (110) ◽  
pp. 64634-64642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. El-Deen ◽  
Jae-Hwan Choi ◽  
Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil ◽  
Abdulhakim A. Almajid ◽  
Nasser A. M. Barakat
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Tio2 Nanofiber

Schematic diagram of capacitive deionization process.

scholarly journals ZrO2 nanofibers/activated carbon composite as a novel and effective electrode material for the enhancement of capacitive deionization performance

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 4616-4626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Yasin ◽  
M. Obaid ◽  
Ibrahim M. A. Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Yousef ◽  
Nasser A. M. Barakat
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

Among the various forms of carbon materials, activated carbon still possesses the maximum attention as an optimum commercially available, cheap, and effective electrode material for the capacitive deionization desalination process.

Highly Efficient Atomically Dispersed Co-N Active Sites in Porous Carbon for High-Performance Capacitive Desalination of Brackish Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silu Huo ◽  
Wei Ni ◽  
yufei Zhao ◽  
Xue Song ◽  
Yubo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Highly Efficient

Carbon materials with external defects (heteroatoms) have been widely studied to promote the performance of capacitive deionization (CDI), but the salt adsorption capacity and rate capability are far from meeting...

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