Stresse infantil, morbilidade e mortalidade no sítio arqueológico do Neolítico Final/Calcolítico (4ª e 3º milénio a.C) do Monte do Carrascal 2 (Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja)

Children go through various stages of development and growth. The Barker and Osmond “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” hypothesis states that the stress episodes suffered in intrauterine/early childhood life have negative consequences in adulthood (propensity to diseases and anticipation of the age of death). In order to estimate the frequency of childhood stress in a sample of the Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic and understand its impact on the adult life of individuals, a sample of Monte do Carrascal 2 (Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja) was analysed following the methodology of Reid and Dean (2000, 2006). The individuals in the sample do not present many signs of childhood stress, suggesting a special care taken upon the younger members of the community.

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Assessment of cardiometabolic risk in children in population studies: underpinning developmental origins of health and disease mother–offspring cohort studies

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2014.69 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R.-C. Huang ◽

Susan L. Prescott ◽

Keith M. Godfrey ◽

Elizabeth A. Davis

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Adult Life ◽

Present Review ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Older Individuals ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽

Health And Disease

AbstractPregnancy and birth cohorts have been utilised extensively to investigate the developmental origins of health and disease, particularly in relation to understanding the aetiology of obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. Birth and pregnancy cohorts have been utilised extensively to investigate this area of research. The aim of the present review was twofold: first to outline the necessity of measuring cardiometabolic risk in children; and second to outline how it can be assessed. The major outcomes thought to have an important developmental component are CVD, insulin resistance and related metabolic outcomes. Conditions such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and CHD all tend to have peak prevalence in middle-aged and older individuals but assessments of cardiometabolic risk in childhood and adolescence are important to define early causal factors and characterise preventive measures. Typically, researchers investigating prospective cohort studies have relied on the thesis that cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension and obesity, track from childhood into adult life. The present review summarises some of the evidence that these factors, when measured in childhood, may be of value in assessing the risk of adult cardiometabolic disease, and as such proceeds to describe some of the methods for assessing cardiometabolic risk in children.

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Health in Transition: Translating developmental origins of health and disease science to improve future health in Africa

10.18820/9781928357759 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Awareness ◽

Adult Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Research Capacity ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Future Health ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Health And Disease

At STIAS, the ‘Health in Transition’ theme includes a programme to address the epidemic rise in the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, coronary heart disease and stroke in Africa. The aim is to advance awareness, research capacity and knowledge translation of science related to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) as a means of preventing NCDs in future generations. Application of DOHaD science is a promising avenue for prevention, as this field is identifying how health and nutrition from conception through the first 1 000 days of life can dramatically impact a developing individual’s future life course, and specifically predicate whether or not they are programmed in infancy to develop NCDs in later life. Prevention of NCDs is an essential strategy as, if unchecked, the burden of caring for a growing and ageing population with these diseases threatens to consume entire health budgets, as well as negatively impact the quality of life of millions. Africa in particular needs specific, focussed endeavors to realize the maximal preventive potential of DOHaD science, and a means of generating governmental and public awareness about the links between health in infancy and disease in adult life. This volume summarizes the expertise and experience of a leading group of international scientists led by Abdallah Daar brought together at STIAS as part of the ‘Health in Transition’ programme.

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Epidemiological evidence for the developmental origins of health and disease: effects of prenatal undernutrition in humans

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-18-0683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 242 (1) ◽

pp. T135-T144 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tessa J Roseboom

Keyword(s):

Adult Life ◽

Full Potential ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Prenatal Undernutrition ◽

Health And Disease ◽

And Function ◽

Size At Birth

This paper describes the findings of studies among men and women who were born around the time of the Dutch famine of 1944–1945, investigating the effects of undernutrition during critical periods of development on later health and disease. The Dutch famine was remarkable in several ways and its unique features have allowed scientists to investigate the long-term consequences of prenatal undernutrition in humans. The effects of undernutrition depended on its timing during gestation, and the organs and tissues undergoing critical periods of development at that time. Early gestation appeared to be the most vulnerable. The effects of famine were widespread and affected the structure and function of many organs and tissues, resulted in altered behaviour and increased risks of chronic degenerative diseases, which in turn led to reduced participation in the labour market and increased mortality. Also, the effects of famine were independent of size at birth, which suggests that programming may occur without altering size at birth. Studies in other settings show that those faced with undernutrition during the critical earliest stages of development have increased rates of chronic generative disease in adult life. This suggests that these findings reflect biologically fundamental processes that describe human plasticity. These findings teach us the fundamental importance of a good start in life. Adequately feeding women before and during pregnancy will allow future generations to reach their full potential and lead healthier and more productive lives, ultimately leading to healthier and more equal future.

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Targeting the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2298

Author(s):

Chien-Ning Hsu ◽

You-Lin Tain

Keyword(s):

Kidney Disease ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Nitric Oxide Deficiency ◽

Developing Kidney ◽

Prevention Of Hypertension

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in hypertension and kidney disease. The developing kidney can be programmed by various early-life insults by so-called renal programming, resulting in hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. This theory is known as developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Conversely, early RAAS-based interventions could reverse program processes to prevent a disease from occurring by so-called reprogramming. In the current review, we mainly summarize (1) the current knowledge on the RAAS implicated in renal programming; (2) current evidence supporting the connections between the aberrant RAAS and other mechanisms behind renal programming, such as oxidative stress, nitric oxide deficiency, epigenetic regulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis; and (3) an overview of how RAAS-based reprogramming interventions may prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. To accelerate the transition of RAAS-based interventions for prevention of hypertension and kidney disease, an extended comprehension of the RAAS implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on further clinical translation.

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9th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174415002329 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (S2) ◽

pp. S1-S53

Keyword(s):

Developmental Origins ◽

World Congress ◽

Health And Disease

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Current Understanding, New Testing Strategies and Future Research Needs

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 933

Author(s):

Maria E. Street ◽

Karine Audouze ◽

Juliette Legler ◽

Hideko Sone ◽

Paola Palanza

Keyword(s):

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Future Research ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Research Needs ◽

Important Class ◽

Testing Strategies ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Health And Disease

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals which can disrupt any action of the endocrine system, and are an important class of substances which play a role in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) [...]

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Toxicant effects on mammalian oocyte mitochondria†

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolre/ioab002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kelli F Malott ◽

Ulrike Luderer

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Primordial Germ Cells ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Mature Oocyte ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Founder Population ◽

Mammalian Oocyte ◽

Transport Chain ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Health And Disease

Abstract Oocyte mitochondria are unique organelles that establish a founder population in primordial germ cells (PGCs). As the oocyte matures in the postnatal mammalian ovary during folliculogenesis it increases exponentially in volume, and the oocyte mitochondria population proliferates to about 100 000 mitochondria per healthy, mature murine oocyte. The health of the mature oocyte and subsequent embryo is highly dependent on the oocyte mitochondria. Mitochondria are especially sensitive to toxic insults, as they are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they contain their own DNA (mtDNA) that is unprotected by histone proteins, they contain the electron transport chain that uses electron donors, including oxygen, to generate ATP, and they are important sensors for overall cellular stress. Here we review the effects that toxic insults including chemotherapeutics, toxic metals, plasticizers, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ionizing radiation can have on oocyte mitochondria. This is very clearly a burgeoning field, as our understanding of oocyte mitochondria and metabolism is still relatively new, and we contend much more research is needed to understand the detrimental impacts of exposure to toxicants on oocyte mitochondria. Developing this field further can benefit our understanding of assisted reproductive technologies and the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).

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Knowledge about the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease is independently associated with variation in diet quality during pregnancy

Maternal and Child Nutrition ◽

10.1111/mcn.12891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luseadra McKerracher ◽

Tina Moffat ◽

Mary Barker ◽

Meghan McConnell ◽

Stephanie A. Atkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Health And Disease

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Developmental Origins of Kidney Disease: Why Oxidative Stress Matters?

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Chien-Ning Hsu ◽

You-Lin Tain

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Developmental Origins ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Developing Kidney

The “developmental origins of health and disease” theory indicates that many adult-onset diseases can originate in the earliest stages of life. The developing kidney has emerged as being particularly vulnerable to adverse in utero conditions leading to morphological and functional changes, namely renal programming. Emerging evidence indicates oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antioxidant systems, plays a pathogenetic role in the developmental programming of kidney disease. Conversely, perinatal use of antioxidants has been implemented to reverse programming processes and prevent adult-onset diseases. We have termed this reprogramming. The focus of this review is twofold: (1) To summarize the current knowledge on oxidative stress implicated in renal programming and kidney disease of developmental origins; and (2) to provide an overview of reprogramming effects of perinatal antioxidant therapy on renal programming and how this may prevent adult-onset kidney disease. Although early-life oxidative stress is implicated in mediating renal programming and adverse offspring renal outcomes, and animal models provide promising results to allow perinatal antioxidants applied as potential reprogramming interventions, it is still awaiting clinical translation. This presents exciting new challenges and areas for future research.

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