The study of Apara (placenta) and its correlation with the Prakriti and Weight of newborn

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurva Dhakulkar ◽  
Sachin Khedikar
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Intrauterine Life ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
The One

The placenta is the most important and the only organ between mother and foetus serving multiple functions like endocrinal, respiratory and metabolic. Normal development of the placenta is the one of the important requirements for a healthy pregnancy, regulating foetal growth and foetal health so that formation of the healthy progeny. In cotemporary sciences many researches are going in the aim of formation of healthy progeny. Apara is the vital feature related to Garbha Sharira in Ayurveda, but its description is in a Sutra form. Hence this study is an humble attempt to explore the concept of ‘Ayurveda Garbha Sharira’ by studying the description of Apara trying to establishment of the assessment of correlation between features of placenta with that of Prakriti is more instinct for this study. Prakriti is the basic concept of Ayurveda. It forms in intrauterine life by combination of Shukra and Shonita. However we do not find direct references of Apara relation with the Prakriti of newborn in Ayurveda. This study intends to fill in the lacunae of both the disciplines by knowledge of integration. If this study establishes some parameters based on the characteristics of Apara with weight and Prakriti of newborn then it will be the unique contribution for Ayurveda Garbha Sharira.

Protein synthesis during Ilyanassa development: effect of the polar lobe

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
G. Teitelman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Polar Lobe ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Morphogenetic Factors ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
The One

Removal of the polar lobe at the trefoil stage of the first cleavage division of Ilyanassa embryos causes abnormalities much later in development. To determine if the developmental differences between normal and delobed embryos were reflected in alterations in protein synthesis and at what stages of development these become evident, protein solutions were separated by disc electrophoresis on basic acrylamide gels. For the analysis of the newly synthesized proteins, two protein samples, one labelled with 14C and the other with 3H, were combined in the same electrophoretic column. Each was prepared from normal embryos or lobeless embryos at different stages of development. The distribution of the two groups of differentially labelled proteins was compared by a determination, for each fraction, of the ratio of the normalized 3H/14C counts for that particular fraction (R = 3H/14C). The plot of R versus fraction number was studied for various combinations of samples. During normal development the profile of labelled proteins remains unchanged until the onset of visible differentiation. At this stage, around day 4 of development, there are changes in biosynthesis revealed by a greater emphasis on the synthesis of slow moving proteins. The profile of labelled proteins of lobeless embryos remains unchanged up to the 5th day of development. This result is correlated with the absence, in the lobeless embryos, of many of the visible differentiations. Preliminary studies revealed that the spectrum of labelled proteins of the polar lobe is identical to the one present in lobeless embryos and in normal embryos in early stages of development. This suggests the possibility that the morphogenetic factors associated with the polar lobe are not among the newly synthesized proteins. A hypothesis is presented to account for the effects on morphogenesis and protein synthesis which are produced by removal of the polar lobe.

scholarly journals Морфологічні зміни тимусу курчат при різних схемах антибактеріальної терапії

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
L.Y. Lyzogub
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Effect

The maximum number of products at the lowest cost – is the main thing, what modern poultry industry can be characterized. One of the most pressing problems at the moment is early antibiotic therapy and the associated safety of young poultry early age. In this regard, of particular interest for this study is how the most widely used antibacterial drugs effects on the one of key organs of the immune system – thymus. The article presents the data obtained in the course of the experiment, which determines how preventive treatment schemes, that includes usage single and multiple antibacterial drugs, influenced on the morphological status of the chickens thymus. We selected scheme and a combination of antibacterial drugs have not been studied previously. That was compared with the usage of probiotic Bolmol at the same treatment scheme. A comparison of morpho-functional state of the thymus of chickens 15-, 22- and 41-days-old, when applying several treatments schemes. The schemes of treatment included: the usage of one or two antibiotics during the cycle, compared with the usage of probiotic. We made the conclusions about the absence of the negative impact of selected drugs on the morphofunctional state of the thymus and the positive effect of probiotic «Bolmol». The morphometric parameters of the cortex and medulla in the lobules of the thymus of chicks 15-day-old, taking as an antibacterial drug probiotic Bolmol, were not significantly different from control values and were statistically significant when compared with chicks who used antibiotics: the width of the cortical area was on 15% and 29.09% wider then chickens receiving antibiotic treatment. This indicates a positive effect of probiotic Bolmol compared with antibacterial agents which were chosen. Thus, these data demonstrate that the use of probiotics in cyclic schemes of antibiotic prophylaxis contribute to the normal development of the thymus, which in turn leads to increased resistance and preservation of poultry. Was given the substantiation about safely usage of cyclic schemes of antibacterial drugs in the event of objective necessity.

Are religiousness and death attitudes associated with the wish to die in older people?

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Bonnewyn ◽  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Death Attitudes ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Older Inpatients ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:A wish to die is common in older persons and is associated with increased mortality. Several risk factors have been identified, but the association between religiousness and a wish to die in older adults has been underexplored, and the association between death attitudes and the presence of a wish to die has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between religiousness and death attitudes on the one hand and wish to die on the other hand, adjusting for clinical factors such as the presence of depression or somatic disorder.Methods:The sample comprised 113 older inpatients (from a psychiatric and somatic ward) with a mean age of 74 years. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, and logistic regression analyses estimated the unique contribution of religiousness and death attitudes to the wish to die, controlling for socio-demographic variables, depressive disorder, and somatic symptoms.Results:Both religiousness and death attitudes were associated with a wish to die in univariate models. Adding these variables in a multivariate logistic hierarchical model, death attitudes remained significant predictors but religiousness did not; 55% of the pseudovariance of the wish to die was explained by these variables, with an effective size of 0.89. Major depressive episode, somatic symptoms, Fear of Death, and Escape Acceptance were the most important predictors of the wish to die.Conclusions:This study suggests that how older adults perceive death partly determines whether they have a wish to die. There may be a clinical, patient-oriented benefit in discussing with older patients about how they perceive death, as this can play a role in the early detection (and prevention) of death or suicide ideation and associated behaviors in older adults.

scholarly journals Loss of Innocence: Albert Moll, Sigmund Freud and the Invention of Childhood Sexuality Around 1900

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz D.H. Sauerteig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Childhood Sexuality ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper analyses how, prior to the work of Sigmund Freud, an understanding of infant and childhood sexuality emerged during the nineteenth century. Key contributors to the debate were Albert Moll, Max Dessoir and others, as fin-de-siècle artists and writers celebrated a sexualised image of the child. By the beginning of the twentieth century, most paediatricians, sexologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts and pedagogues agreed that sexuality formed part of a child’s ‘normal’ development. This paper argues that the main disagreements in discourses about childhood sexuality related to different interpretations of children’s sexual experiences. On the one hand stood an explanation that argued for a homology between children’s and adults’ sexual experiences, on the other hand was an understanding that suggested that adults and children had distinct and different experiences. Whereas the homological interpretation was favoured by the majority of commentators, including Moll, Freud, and to some extent also by C.G. Jung, the heterological interpretation was supported by a minority, including childhood psychologist Charlotte Bühler.

Chromatin remodelling and nuclear reprogramming at the onset of embryonic development in mammals

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Renard
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Chromatin Remodelling ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Nuclear Reprogramming ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Donor Nucleus ◽  
The One ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Determining Factor

Two main strategies are used to produce cloned mammals. The first involves the condensation of donor chromatin into chromosomes directly exposed to the recipient cytoplasm, whereas the second leaves the donor nucleus in interphase until the time of the first mitosis. Both strategies, which induce marked changes in chromatin organization, allow full reprogrammation of somatic-differentiated fetal and adult cells. This paper reviews some of the recent data that contribute to our understanding of chromatin remodelling at the onset of normal development, as well as after the introduction of a foreign nucleus into a recipient enucleated oocyte. These data indicate that the coordinated changes in chromatin organization that take place up until the first cellular differentiations at the blastocyst stage are determinants for successful cloning. Although some degree of synchronization between the cell cycle stages of donor and recipient cells is necessary for correct remodelling of a transferred nucleus, the kinetics of remodelling events occurring during the one-cell stage appears to be the determining factor for the normal onset of gene expression.

scholarly journals Competences and learning outcomes: a panacea for understanding the (new) role of Higher Education?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wagenaar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The One

The competence and learning outcomes approach, which intends to improve effective performance of academic staff and students, is becoming dominant in today’s higher education. This was quite different 15 years ago. This contribution aims to offer insight in the reforms initiated and implemented, by posing and answering the questions why the time was appropriate — by identifying and analysing the underlying conditions — and in what way the change was shaped — by focusing on terminology required and approaches developed. Central here is the role the Tuning project — launched in 2000-2001 — played in this respect. The contribution starts with contextualising the situation in the 1990s: the recession and growing unemployment in many European countries on the one hand and the development of a global society and the challenges the higher educational sector faced at the other. It offers the background for initiating the Tuning project, and the discourse on which its approach is based. In particular, attention is given to choosing the concept of competences, distinguishing subject specific and general/generic ones, as an integrating approach of knowledge, understanding, skills, abilities and attitudes. The approach should serve as a means of integrating a number of main goals as part of the learning and teaching process: strengthening employability and preparing for citizenship besides personal development of the student as a basis for the required educational reform. Tuning’s unique contribution is the alignment of this concept to learning outcomes statements as indicators of competence development and achievement and by relating both concepts to profiling of educational programmes.

scholarly journals AL-MAFHUM AL-ASASIY LI TATHWIR AL-MAWADD AT-TA’LIMIYYAH

ALSINATUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Esti Indi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Know How ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Good Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function

Learning material is one of important things in a teaching and learning process. A good learning material is the one which is appropriate with the condition of the students. Therefore, it is necessary for all teachers to know how to develop a good learning material to make it suitable for the students in each level. This article conducts the basic concept of learning material development which consists of definition, characteristics, kinds and function of learning material, how to develop it and apply it well.

SCM Models

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Toru Higuchi ◽  
Marvin Troutt
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Bullwhip Effect ◽  
Physical Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
The One

In this chapter, a basic concept of the SCM is discussed. A key factor for the SCM might be to control the dynamic interactions among the supply chain partners. Supply chains form a multi-echelon system to offer the products to the customers efficiently. However, they are composed of various partners whose purpose and interests do not always harmonize. In addition, supply chain processes are so long and complex that unexpected results might be happened for supply chains. The information distortion within the supply chains is the one of the major obstacles to control the supply chain effi- ciently and effectively. As a result, supply chains would be damaged by the bullwhip effect and the boom and bust. To highlight the character of SCM, a comparison is also made among the similar concepts, the business logistics, the physical distribution and Keiretsu.

Anticipations of Nineteenth and Twentieth century social thought in the work of Adam Ferguson

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Hill
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Civic Humanism ◽  
Classical Traditions ◽  
The One

This paper seeks to locate Adam Ferguson (17231816), a leading light of the Scottish Enlightenment, within a tradition. Ferguson's work seems to straddle two traditions: classical civic humanism, on the one hand, and liberalism on the other. The claims of those scholars who have perceived in Ferguson's work prescient anticipations of nineteenth and twentieth century social thought are of particular relevance here. It is the contention of this paper that although Ferguson's work must be understood as classically and theologically inspired, there are, nevertheless, clear anticipations of modern social science in it. The dimensions of Ferguson's work focussed on are: his historiography, his theories of spontaneous order, habit and conflict, and his anticipatory detection otanomieand alienation effects. Ferguson's unique contribution lays in his ability to give ancient insights a sociological twist thereby bridging the gap between modern and classical traditions.

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