scholarly journals Patulin-producing mold, toxicological, biosynthesis, and molecular detection of patulin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Ratih Paramastuti ◽  
Winiati Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Siti Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Selection Of

Mycotoxin is one of the food safety problems that raise concern because of its negative health impact and significant economic losses. Patulin is the most common mycotoxin found in fruits and its products like apple, orange, grape, pear, etc. There are 167 species reported to produce patulin; Penicillium expansum is the major patulin producer among those fungi species. Patulin is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans, but some studies showed the toxicities of patulin. Patulin has a broad spectrum of toxicity such as acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, genotoxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity. There are several ways to detect mycotoxins, such as HPLC, TLC, ELISA, and PCR. The popular way to detect mycotoxin molecularly is PCR because of its sensitivity and specificity. To detect patulin molecularly require proper selection of target gene. Therefore, the biosynthesis of patulin, its influencing gene, and its underlying factor needs to be understood.

Meriel Talbot and the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women, 1919–1937

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Bonnie White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Service ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
British Government ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
Post War ◽  
Selection Of

In 1917 the British government began making plans for post-war adjustments to the economy, which included the migration of surplus women to the dominions. The Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women was established in 1920 to facilitate the migration of female workers to the dominions. Earlier studies have argued that overseas emigration efforts purposefully directed women into domestic service as surplus commodities, thus alleviating the female ‘surplus’ and easing economic hardships of the post-war period. This article argues that as Publicity Officer for the SOSBW, Meriel Talbot targeted women she believed would be ideal candidates for emigration, including former members of the Women's Land Army and affiliated groups. With the proper selection of female migrants, Talbot sought to expand work opportunities for women in the dominions beyond domestic service, while reducing the female surplus at home and servicing the connection between state and empire. Dominion authorities, whose demands for migrant labour vacillated between agricultural workers during the war years and domestic servants after 1920, disapproved of Talbot's efforts to migrate women for work in agriculture. Divergent policies led to the early failure of the SOSBW in 1923.

scholarly journals Cinnamon Oil Inhibits Penicillium expansum Growth by Disturbing the Carbohydrate Metabolic Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Tongfei Lai ◽  
Yangying Sun ◽  
Yaoyao Liu ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Yuanzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Penicillium expansum is a major postharvest pathogen that mainly threatens the global pome fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, the antifungal effects and potential mechanism of cinnamon oil against P. expansum were investigated. Results indicated that 0.25 mg L−1 cinnamon oil could efficiently inhibit the spore germination, conidial production, mycelial accumulation, and expansion of P. expansum. In addition, it could effectively control blue mold rots induced by P. expansum in apples. Cinnamon oil could also reduce the expression of genes involved in patulin biosynthesis. Through a proteomic quantitative analysis, a total of 146 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process, most of which were down-regulated, were noticed for their large number and functional significance. Meanwhile, the expressions of 14 candidate genes corresponding to DEPs and the activities of six key regulatory enzymes (involving in cellulose hydrolyzation, Krebs circle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway) showed a similar trend in protein levels. In addition, extracellular carbohydrate consumption, intracellular carbohydrate accumulation, and ATP production of P. expansum under cinnamon oil stress were significantly decreased. Basing on the correlated and mutually authenticated results, we speculated that disturbing the fungal carbohydrate metabolic process would be partly responsible for the inhibitory effects of cinnamon oil on P. expansum growth. The findings would provide new insights into the antimicrobial mode of cinnamon oil.

scholarly journals Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Josephine Selvarani Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Mechanical Element ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inverse Hysteresis

AbstractNickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.

A Non-Normality Measure of the Condition Number for Monitoring and Control

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunsoo Huh ◽  
Jeffrey L. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Condition Number ◽  
Minimization Problem ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Modal Structure ◽  
L2 Norm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Normality Measure ◽  
Selection Of

Because the behavior of the condition number can have highly steep and multi-modal structure, optimal control and monitoring problems based on the condition number cannot be easily solved. In this paper, a minimization problem is formulated for κ2(P), the condition number of an eigensystem (P) of a matrix in terms of the L2 norm. A new non-normality measure is shown to exist that guarantees small values for the condition number. In addition, this measure can be minimized by proper selection of controller and observer gains. Application to the design of well-conditioned controller and observer-based monitors is illustrated.

scholarly journals Influence of the Chemical Composition on Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of the Hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dybowski ◽  
J. Szymszal ◽  
Ł. Poloczek ◽  
A. Kiełbus
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Ti Addition ◽  
Selection Of

Due to low density and good mechanical properties, aluminium alloys are widely applied in transportation industry. Moreover, they are characterized by the specific physical properties, such as high electrical conductivity. This led to application of the hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys in the power generation industry. Proper selection of the alloys chemical composition is an important stage in achievement of the demanded properties. The following paper presents results of the research on the influence of alloys chemical composition on their properties. It has been revealed that Si and Ti addition decreases electrical conductivity of the Al-Si-Mg alloys, while Na addition increases it. The mechanical properties of the investigated alloys are decreased by both silicon and iron presence. Sodium addition increases ductility of the Al-Si-Mg alloys.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Gas Sensors Fabricated on Atomically Flat 4H-SiC Webbed Cantilevers

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 1199-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Neudeck ◽  
David J. Spry ◽  
Andrew J. Trunek ◽  
Laura J. Evans ◽  
Liang Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Current Gain ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Hydrogen Gas Sensors ◽  
Sensor Current ◽  
Atomically Flat ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reports on initial results from the first device tested of a “second generation” Pt-SiC Schottky diode hydrogen gas sensor that: 1) resides on the top of atomically flat 4H-SiC webbed cantilevers, 2) has integrated heater resistor, and 3) is bonded and packaged. With proper selection of heater resistor and sensor diode biases, rapid detection of H2 down to concentrations of 20 ppm was achieved. A stable sensor current gain of 125 ± 11 standard deviation was demonstrated during 250 hours of cyclic test exposures to 0.5% H2 and N2/air.

Available Energy: I. Gibbs Revisited; II. Gibbs Extended

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Gaggioli ◽  
David H. Richardson ◽  
Anthony J. Bowman ◽  
David M. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Nonequilibrium Condition ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Additive Property ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Dead State ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The concept of available energy, as defined by Gibbs (1873b) is revisited. He gave representations of available energy for two circumstances. The first was the available energy of a “body,” for the case when a body, alone, is in a nonequilibrium condition and therefore has energy available. In turn, he presented the available energy of “the body and medium,” for the energy which is available because a body is not in equilibrium with some arbitrarily specified medium. Gibbs’ representations were graphical. Since Gibbs, representations with formulas have been developed and are common, for the “available energy of body and medium.” Gaggioli (1998a, b) has developed formulas which are more general, to represent “the available energy of the body (alone)” and to assign an exergy to subsystems of the body as a measure of each sub-system’s contribution to the available energy. In contrast to the available energy, exergy is an additive property, so that balance equations can be written. And the formulas are independent from any “medium,” which is important both theoretically and practically — because of its relevance to proper selection of “the dead state.” These issues are discussed and extended, after reviewing Gibbs development of available energy and additional concepts which he introduced, such as “available vacuum” and “capacity for entropy.” It is argued that these “availabililty” and “capacity” concepts are all equivalent to one another. In turn, because of interconvertability, it is seen that available energy is something more fundamental than “maximum useful work.” Furthermore, it is illustrated that available energy, equilibrium and stability, and thermostatic property relations are relative, to “constraints.”

Selection of Blood (Packed RBCs) for Transfusion in Newborn Baby up to the Age of 4 Months

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mostafa Khan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Newborn Baby ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cross Matching ◽  
Packed Rbcs ◽  
Selection Of

Proper selection of donor’s blood group is essential to prevent transfusion hazards. It is known that ABO antigen is fully developed at birth but the newborn baby does not produce ABO antibodies until 3 to 6 months of age. The ABO antibodies present in the serum of newborn babies are derived from mother’s blood due to placental transfer. So the blood group of the newborn baby is done by ABO antigen grouping (forward grouping) only, antibody grouping (reverse grouping) is not required. In case of transfusion of blood in newborn under 4 months of age, cross-matching of donor’s blood is done with the mother’s blood if it is available. We know, recipient’s same group of blood is always preferable in case of transfusion in adults or older children. But selection of blood for transfusion in the infants under 4 months of age depends on the mother’s blood group as well. If the mother’s blood group differs from the infant’s blood group, the infant’s same group of blood may not be selected for transfusion. For example, if the mother’s blood group is “O” and the newborn blood group is “A” or “B”, infant’s same group “A” or “B” group blood could not be transfused, because the anti-A & anti-B antibodies can be derived in the infant’s serum from mother’s blood which may react with the “A” or “B” antigen of the donor’s blood. In this case “O” group packed RBCs should be selected for transfusion. “O” group whole blood may contain IgG anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma which can react with the “A” or “B” antigen of the infant’s blood. So to avoid anti-A & anti-B antibodies in “O” group, plasma should be discarded and the packed RBCs should be transfused. In case of Rh-negative mother with Rh positive baby, Rh antibody may develop in mother’s blood and Rh antibody may enter into baby’s circulation, in this case the infant should be transfused with Rh-negative blood to avoid Rh antigen & antibody reaction. So for the selection of blood for transfusion in newborn baby up to the age of 4 months mother’s blood group is important to select the appropriate blood. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i1.11138J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(1): 36-40

Aggregate Characteristics Governing Performance of Seal Coat Highway Overlays

1996 ◽  
Vol 1547 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed-Asem U. Abdul-Malak ◽  
David W. Fowler ◽  
Cesar A. Constantino
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Frictional Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of

A study was undertaken to identify the engineering properties of aggregates that explain the variability in the frictional performance of seal coat highway overlays. The frictional performance data of 72 test sections and section replicates collected over a period of 8 years were used in the formulation of statistical models that incorporate the significant variables. The effects of traffic, construction, and environmental variables were also considered. Formulated models were of two types: general and individual. The former type attempts to describe frictional performance using the observations collected on all aggregate materials used. The latter describes the performance of individual aggregate groups. Laboratory properties found to be significant included the polish value, impact and abrasion, and soundness properties. The coating of aggregate particles, gradation, and construction placing rates of aggregate and asphalt were also shown to be significant in explaining performance variability. The influence of traffic and region was found to be interactive with the type and properties of aggregates. The formulated models can be used as a tool for predicting the frictional performance of seal coat aggregates, thus providing a better means for the proper selection of aggregates and for the planning of future seal coat construction projects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document