scholarly journals Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Oil Contaminated Soil and its Media Optimization for Enzyme Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619
Author(s):  
S. Chithra
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Significant Difference

Oil bio-degradation mechanism by microorganisms is requested for an effective microbial remediation of soil contamination by oil spills. The current examination pointed the identification of a biosurfactant producing bacteria for biosurfactant production from oil contaminated sites from Tamil Nadu. The biosurfactant testing screening methods were used to screen the potent strains and sequencing studies were used for Pseudomonas species identification. The bacterial isolate BS17 subjected to be the potent enzyme (Protease, Lipase and Esterase) producer. Among the tested production media, the ground nut oil cake was identified to be the optimum media for protease (0.47069 Unit/ml), lipase (9 Unit/ml) and esterase activity (3.891 Unit/ml) for bacterial isolate BS17. The bacterial isolate BS17 showed greatest lipase (15 Unit/mL) protease (0.8067 Unit/mL) and esterase (4.756 Unit/mL) enzyme activity at pH 9.0. At 35 ℃ bacterial isolate BS17 showed greatest enzyme action in protease (1.2772 Unit/mL), lipase (17 Unit/mL) and esterase (5.2972 Unit/mL) enzyme activity. At 48hrs of incubation period bacterial isolate BS17 showed most extreme enzyme activity in protease (3.361 Unit/mL), lipase (28 Unit/mL) and esterase (8.918 Unit/mL). The sequence of BS17 was deposited in NCBI and Accession number was received [MT337593.1]. Statistical analysis with the minimum significant difference (LSD) test of ANOVA was carried out to determine the oil degradation efficiency. This paper demonstrated the isolated P. aeruginosa (BS17) crude oil biodegradation from oil contaminated land soil sample. Strain BS17 was proved as potent bio-surfactant producer using crude oil by utilizing carbon and energy source in oil degradation mechanism.

scholarly journals Newly Isolated Alkane Hydroxylase and Lipase Producing Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus Species Involved in Crude Oil Degradation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durratul Fatini Yusoff ◽  
Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman ◽  
Malihe Masomian ◽  
Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali ◽  
Thean Chor Leow
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Alkane Hydroxylase ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Crude Oil Degradation ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Isolation and studies of novel, crude oil biodegrading thermophilic strains may provide a wider knowledge in understanding their role in petroleum degradation. In this study, the screening of ten new thermophilic strains revealed that all strains were alkane hydroxylase producers and seven of them produced lipase concurrently. Three best strains were characterized and identified through 16S rRNA sequence analysis as Geobacillus sp. D4, Geobacillus sp. D7, and Anoxybacillus geothermalis D9 with GenBank accession numbers MK615934.1, MK615935.1, and MK615936.1, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that all three strains were able to breakdown various compounds in crude oil such as alkanes, toxic poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organosulfur, carboxylic acids, alkene, resins, organosilicon, alcohol, organochlorine, and ester. For the first time, alkane hydroxylase and lipase activity as well as crude oil degradation by A. geothermalis species were reported. Geobacillus sp. D7 is the best alkane degrader followed by A. geothermalis D9 and Geobacillus sp. D4 with 17.3%, 13.1%, and 12.1% biodegradation efficiency (BE%), respectively. The potential of thermophiles isolated can be explored further for bioremediation of sites polluted by petroleum and oil spills.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) to Petroleum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Onyemaechi Ezike ◽  
Felix Okaliwe Echor
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Experimental Treatments

One hundred and twenty (120) fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight: 0.96 ± 0.1g) were randomly exposed to 4 experimental treatments of petroleum, based on LC50 values (6.4mg/L of crude oil, 8.7mg/L of petrol, 8.0mg/L of kerosene and 7.8mg/L of diesel oil) and replicated thrice, to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in exposed fish for 96 h. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in total (PAHs) between crude oil (97.1 ng/uL) and diesel (97.2 ng/uL) exposed fish and also between petrol (53.2 ng/uL) and kerosene (49.6 ng/uL) exposed fish, but there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in PAH levels of the crude oil/diesel exposed -groups of fish compared to petrol/kerosene exposed -groups of fish (97.1/97.2 and 53.2/49.6 ng/uL). Naphthalene correlated positively to benzo a anthracene (r=0.672, (P < 0.05), benzo b fluoranthene (r=0.681, P < 0.05) and chrysene (r=0.615, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to fluorene. Benzo a anthracene correlated positively to benzo a pyrene (r=0.578, P < 0.05), phenathrene (r=0.685, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to acenaphthene. Fluorene correlated positively to benzo a pyrene (r=0.695, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to chrysene. Chrysene correlated positively to dibenzo a,h, pyrene (r=0.658, P < 0.05) to phenathrene and benzo b fluoranthene (r=0.659, P< 0.05). Indeno 123 cd- pyrene and fluranthene however did not correlate to other PAHs except naphthanene, acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. The level of PAH in fish may translate to the toxicity effect since crude oil and diesel with lower LC50 (6.4 and 7.8 mg/L)   deposited greater PAH than kerosene and petrol with higher LC50 (8.7 and 8.0 mg/L) in fingerlings of C. gariepinus. High risk to cancer disorders may occur in exposed fish to petroleum with high incidence of fluorene , anthracene, pyrene and benz a anthracene which correlated positively to benzo a pyrene which provide some basis for predicting impact of oil spills on fingerling population.

scholarly journals Response and oil degradation activities of a northeast Atlantic bacterial community to biogenic and synthetic surfactants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Nikolova ◽  
Umer Zeeshan Ijaz ◽  
Clayton Magill ◽  
Sara Kleindienst ◽  
Samantha B. Joye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

AbstractBackgroundAlthough synthetic dispersants are effective in dispersing crude oil, they can alter the natural microbial response to oil and potentially hinder its biodegradation. Biosurfactants, however, are naturally derived products that play a similar role to synthetic dispersants in oil spill response but are easily biodegradable and less toxic. This study investigated the microbial community dynamics, ecological drivers, functional diversity, and oil biodegradation potential of a northeast Atlantic marine microbial community to crude oil when exposed to rhamnolipid or synthetic dispersant Finasol OSR52.ResultsWe found the microbial community composition and diversity were markedly different in the rhamnolipid-amended treatment compared to that with Finasol, with key aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria like Cycloclasticus being suppressed in the Finasol treatment but not in oil-only and rhamnolipid-amended treatments. Psychrophilic Colwellia and Oleispira dominated the community in both the rhamnolipid and Finasol OSR52 treatments initially but later community structure across treatments diverged significantly: Rhodobacteraceae and Vibrio dominated the Finasol-amended treatment and Colwellia, Oleispira, and later Cycloclasticus and Alcanivorax, dominated the rhamnolipid-amended treatment. Vibrio abundance increased substantially in treatments receiving Finasol, suggesting a potentially important role for these organisms in degrading dispersant components. In fact, Finasol was linked with a negative impact on alpha diversity. Deterministic environmental filtering played a dominant role in regulating the community assembly in all treatments but was strongest in the dispersant-amended treatments. Rhamnolipid-amended and oil-only treatments had the highest functional diversity, however, the overall oil biodegradation was greater in the Finasol treatment, but aromatic biodegradation was highest in the rhamnolipid treatment.ConclusionOverall, the natural marine microbial community in the northeast Atlantic responded differently to crude oil dispersed with either synthetic or biogenic surfactants over time, but oil degradation was more enhanced by the synthetic dispersant. Collectively, our results advance the understanding of how rhamnolipid biosurfactants affect the natural marine microbial community, supporting their potential application in oil spills.

scholarly journals Response and oil degradation activities of a northeast Atlantic bacterial community to biogenic and synthetic surfactants

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina N. Nikolova ◽  
Umer Zeeshan Ijaz ◽  
Clayton Magill ◽  
Sara Kleindienst ◽  
Samantha B. Joye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Abstract Background Biosurfactants are naturally derived products that play a similar role to synthetic dispersants in oil spill response but are easily biodegradable and less toxic. Using a combination of analytical chemistry, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and simulation-based approaches, this study investigated the microbial community dynamics, ecological drivers, functional diversity and robustness, and oil biodegradation potential of a northeast Atlantic marine microbial community to crude oil when exposed to rhamnolipid or synthetic dispersant Finasol OSR52. Results Psychrophilic Colwellia and Oleispira dominated the community in both the rhamnolipid and Finasol OSR52 treatments initially but later community structure across treatments diverged significantly: Rhodobacteraceae and Vibrio dominated the Finasol-amended treatment, whereas Colwellia, Oleispira, and later Cycloclasticus and Alcanivorax, dominated the rhamnolipid-amended treatment. Key aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, like Cycloclasticus, was not observed in the Finasol treatment but it was abundant in the oil-only and rhamnolipid-amended treatments. Overall, Finasol had a significant negative impact on the community diversity, weakened the taxa-functional robustness of the community, and caused a stronger environmental filtering, more so than oil-only and rhamnolipid-amended oil treatments. Rhamnolipid-amended and oil-only treatments had the highest functional diversity, however, the overall oil biodegradation was greater in the Finasol treatment, but aromatic biodegradation was highest in the rhamnolipid treatment. Conclusion Overall, the natural marine microbial community in the northeast Atlantic responded differently to crude oil dispersed with either synthetic or biogenic surfactants over time, but oil degradation was more enhanced by the synthetic dispersant. Collectively, our results advance the understanding of how rhamnolipid biosurfactants and synthetic dispersant Finasol affect the natural marine microbial community in the FSC, supporting their potential application in oil spills.

scholarly journals Fate of Crude Oil in the Environment and Remediation of Oil Spills

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Lauren Iskander ◽  
Charbel Abou Khalil ◽  
Michel C. Boufadel
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
National Significance ◽  
Drilling Rigs

The world consumes approximately 5.1 billion tons of crude oil per year, with the United States and Saudi Arabia producing the largest shares [1]. Countries rely on various means for transporting crude oil [1, 2]. Large vessel/tankers transport oil at sea, while oil is transported inland via pipelines, railroads, trucks, and barges [2]. Unfortunately, some of the oil gets spilled into the ocean, freshwater bodies, and terrestrial ecosystems during its production, transportation, and use [3]. Usually, oil spills are caused by accidents involving tankers, barges, pipelines, refineries, drilling rigs, and storage facilities [3]. Small spills are frequent, but are handled by local responders. However, in the case of relatively large spills, known as spills of national significance, a national effort is needed to respond. Examples of large spills include the running aground of the Exxon Valdez in Alaska and the Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. These spills triggered the application of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and ensuing regulations [4-9]. When an oil spill reaches the shoreline, efforts are taken to remove as much of the oil as possible using physical means, such as water flushing [3]. When the oil content within sediments becomes too low, physical removal becomes inefficient and/or can lead to further damage [3]. In this situation, oil biodegradation, that is the degradation of oil mediated by microorganisms, becomes an important process to consider [10]. Beaches are bioremediated by monitoring and enhancing the biodegradation of oil. Critically understanding and analyzing oil biodegradation and remediation techniques allows for a better response by decision-makers. This paper first addresses the general chemical composition of oils and then covers the different physical and natural processes that can remove crude oil from beaches, with a focus on bioremediation.

scholarly journals Catechol-2,3-Dioxygenase and Crude Oil Biodegradation Screening of Rhizo-Bacterial Endophytes from Bodo-Gokana, Rivers State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
J. E. Agbaji ◽  
G. O. Abu ◽  
E. O. Nwaichi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Catechol Dioxygenase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State

Strain-selection for the biotechnological application is critical in modern environmental bioremediation process design. In this study, twenty-one rhizobacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of Cyperus sp., Cyperus rotundus, Mariscus alternifolius and Maricus ligularis. Samples were treated using Bushnell-Haas media fortified with Bonny light crude oil plus 1% (v/v) rhizosphere soil from pre-impacted locations in Bodo-Ogoni, Gokana LGA, Rivers state. They were screened and four bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of -2,3 catechol dioxygenase activity and their growth dynamics using the growth function model in XLSTAT v 2019.1.3. Vapour-phase transfer and viable plate count techniques were employed in the determination of microbial dynamics. The order for relative enzyme activity and degradation rates followed Pseudomonas fluorescens > Achromobacter agilis > Bacillus thuringiensis > Staphylococcus lentus. The order for growth range were 7.0-10.5 Log10CFU/ml, 6.2-10.3 Log10CFU/ml, 7.1-10.1 Log10CFU/ml and 6.4-10.2 Log10CFU/ml for Achromobacter agilis > Pseudomonas fluorescens > Bacillus thuringiensis > Staphylococcus lentus. The growth pattern of these isolates fitted into the 5th order polynomial function (y= pr1+pr2*X+pr3*X2+pr4*X3+pr5*X4+pr6*X5) with R2-values of 0.999, 0.998, 0.991,0.999 compares to Gompertz and Asymptotic functions that have the least predictability with R2- values of 0.893, 0.599, 0.869, 0.894 and 0.80, 0.545, 0.829, 0.688 for the four isolates respectively. Enzyme activity of the isolates revealed that the isolates were most active on the 6th day of the study and had a lag phase within the first few hours to a day of the study. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference using two-way ANOVA; p< 0.001 for both enzyme activity and growth rate. The results underscore the benefits and richness of rhizobacterial flora as rich in enzymatic activity for ecosystem-recovery. Overall, the study has shown the great potential and feasibility for deploying robust biotechnology for the monitoring of environmental media involving hydrocarbon pollution in the Niger Delta.

scholarly journals DISPERSION AND BIODEGRADATION OF OIL SPILLS ON WATER

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Varadaraj ◽  
M. L. Robbins ◽  
J. Bock ◽  
S. Pace ◽  
D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Published literature indicates that oil spill dispersion by chemical dispersants will enhance biodegradation because of the increase in interfacial area. However, some of the literature is contradictory concerning whether the use of surfactants will enhance or temporarily inhibit biodegradation, suggesting that more than one mechanism is at work. We set out to study the correlation between the area of dispersed oil droplets and the rate and extent of microbial oil degradation using sorbitan surfactants. We varied the surfactant blend hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and treat level in a statistically designed experiment. Both dispersed area and percent oil degraded at a given time were shown to depend on surfactant HLB and treat level, but to different degrees. The difference was accounted for by demonstrating that percent oil degraded depended on both dispersed area and percent sorbitan in the dispersant treat. The quantitative finding that both dispersed area and surfactant chemistry control microbial growth and oil biodegradation explains the apparent contradiction that some good dispersants enhance, while others temporarily inhibit, degradation. Corexit 9500 dispersant was observed to have a positive influence on biodegradation of oil on water.

scholarly journals Response and Oil Degradation Activities of a Northeast Atlantic Bacterial Community to Biogenic and Synthetic Surfactants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Nikolova ◽  
Umer Zeeshan Ijaz ◽  
Clayton Magill ◽  
Sara Kleindienst ◽  
Samantha B. Joye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Abstract Background: Biosurfactants, however, are naturally derived products that play a similar role to synthetic dispersants in oil spill response but are easily biodegradable and less toxic. Using a combination of analytical chemistry, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and simulation-based approaches, this study investigated the microbial community dynamics, ecological drivers, functional diversity and robustness, and oil biodegradation potential of a northeast Atlantic marine microbial community to crude oil when exposed to rhamnolipid or synthetic dispersant Finasol OSR52. Results: Psychrophilic Colwellia and Oleispira dominated the community in both the rhamnolipid and Finasol OSR52 treatments initially but later community structure across treatments diverged significantly: Rhodobacteraceae and Vibrio dominated the Finasol-amended treatment, whereas Colwellia, Oleispira, and later Cycloclasticus and Alcanivorax, dominated the rhamnolipid-amended treatment. The key aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria like Cycloclasticus was not observed in the Finasol treatment but it was abundant in the oil-only and rhamnolipid-amended treatments. Overall, Finasol had a significant negative impact on the community diversity, weakened the taxa-functional robustness of the community, and caused a stronger environmental filtering, more so than oil-only and rhamnolipid-amended oil treatments. Rhamnolipid-amended and oil-only treatments had the highest functional diversity, however, the overall oil biodegradation was greater in the Finasol treatment, but aromatic biodegradation was highest in the rhamnolipid treatment. Conclusion: Overall, the natural marine microbial community in the northeast Atlantic responded differently to crude oil dispersed with either synthetic or biogenic surfactants over time, but oil degradation was more enhanced by the synthetic dispersant. Collectively, our results advance the understanding of how rhamnolipid biosurfactants and synthetic dispersant Finasol affect the natural marine microbial community in the FSC, supporting their potential application in oil spills.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Pig Droppings and Bone Char

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Ejikeme Ugwoha ◽  
Victor Emeka Amah ◽  
Gabriel Obiosabofu Oweh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Soil C ◽  
First Order ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Polluted Sites

Oil extraction operations as well as equipment failure and infrastructure vandalism have caused serious environmental pollution with crude oil spills world-wide. The remediation of the polluted sites is an environmental problem beckoning for solution. In this study, the possibility of pig droppings and pig bone char mixture (biostimulant) to stimulate and optimize crude oil biodegradation in soil was investigated. Exactly 500g of loamy soil was spiked with 3% (w/w) of crude oil. The spiked soil was amended with varying percentage mixtures of the biostimulant and labelled A – E. The spiked soil without biostimulant served as the Control. Each experiment was setup in six (6) replicates, carried out for six weeks, and destructively sampled and analysed on a weekly basis. The removal efficiencies of the biostimulated and unbiostimulated soils were observed to range from 66.70 to 86.70% and 3.69%, respectively. The biodegradation first-order rate constants ranged from 0.1978 to 0.3391wk-1 and 0.0050wk-1 for the biostimulated and unbiostimulated soils, respectively. Optimum removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was observed for biostimulated soil C comprising 50% bone char and 50% pig droppings. Results from biostimulated soils A, B, D and E indicated that pig droppings is a more effective biostimulant than pig bone char. A first-order kinetic model adequately predicted the removal of TPH with the optimum biostimulant. It is concluded that using agro-organic waste materials such as pig droppings and pig bone char in a ratio of 1:1 can offer a simple, effective, inexpensive and environmentally friendly solution to the problem of soil contamination with crude oil.

THE EFFECT OF CLAY-OIL FLOCCULATION ON NATURAL OIL DEGRADATION

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 955-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marga Weise ◽  
Kenneth Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Oil

ABSTRACT Small-scale shaker flask experiments were conducted over 56 days with a weathered crude oil to investigate the significance of clay-oil flocculation processes on natural oil degradation rates. Clay-oil flocculation processes mediated the transfer of oil from solid surfaces into the aqueous phase where oil biodegradation rates are higher. As a result, within 7 days, 34% of the total n-alkanes (n-C12 to n-C35) were degraded in the oiled flasks containing mineral fines whereas no significant degradation was observed in flasks without mineral fines. After 56 days, only 25% and 48% of the n-alkane fraction remained in the flasks treated with and without mineral fines, respectively. No significant difference was observed between treatments for a selected number of 2-4 ring aromatic compounds. Microbiological results that showed an increase in the numbers of oil-degrading bacteria supported the results and conclusions derived from the chemical data.

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