scholarly journals Political-institutional barriers to energy access and efficiency in Tanzania: a case study of Mvomero District

Afrika Focus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felichesmi S. Lyakurwa ◽  
Eliaza Mkuna
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Energy Field

Recently, energy access and efficiency have attracted much research interest due to their critical role in addressing the challenges of climate change and the country’s social and economic development. The major question in this study is whether household energy demand can be influenced by government institutions and political systems which switch their preferences towards clean energy sources including renewable energy. The analysis revealed that government agencies are not well-coordinated when dealing with energy access and efficiency issues e.g., ward and village leaders are not always in agreement and lack common understanding of issues arising out of in- creasing energy supply and use of energy efficient appliances. In addition, households witnessed that despite their low level of income, they would have done better in terms of accessing quality and affordable energy had they been educated or informed about the need to shift from using wood to electricity for different social and economic activities. The study recommends that universities offer training, research and consultancy in the energy field to help raise awareness among communities of costs and benefits of using clean energy sources. The results therefore, provide useful and current information to policy making and energy planning institutions on the barriers to energy access and efficiency in order to help formulate remedial action. Key words: political-institutional barriers, government leaders, energy access and efficiency

scholarly journals Political-institutional barriers to energy access and efficiency in Tanzania: a case study of Mvomero District

Afrika Focus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felichesmi S. Lyakurwa ◽  
Eliaza Mkuna
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Energy Field

Recently, energy access and efficiency have attracted much research interest due to their critical role in addressing the challenges of climate change and the country’s social and economic development. The major question in this study is whether household energy demand can be influenced by government institutions and political systems which switch their preferences towards clean energy sources including renewable energy. The analysis revealed that government agencies are not well-coordinated when dealing with energy access and efficiency issues e.g., ward and village leaders are not always in agreement and lack common understanding of issues arising out of increasing energy supply and use of energy efficient appliances. In addition, households witnessed that despite their low level of income, they would have done better in terms of accessing quality and affordable energy had they been educated or informed about the need to shift from using wood to electricity for different social and economic activities. The study recommends that universities offer training, research and consultancy in the energy field to help raise awareness among communities of costs and benefits of using clean energy sources. The results therefore, provide useful and current information to policy making and energy planning institutions on the barriers to energy access and efficiency in order to help formulate remedial action.

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

Decarbonizing the Energy Supply May Increase Energy Demand

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard York
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Environmental Implications

In order to limit human impact on the global climate, it is necessary to decarbonize the energy supply of nations by adopting clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels. However, as I show here on the basis of an analysis of cross-national time-series data for the past five decades, reducing the carbon intensity of overall energy use is associated with higher energy use, and reducing the carbon intensity of electricity production is associated with higher electricity production. These findings suggest that adding noncarbon and low-carbon energy generation capacity may be connected with processes that spur energy demand. This has important environmental implications, since alternative energy sources have serious environmental impacts of their own. The policy challenge is to ensure that clean energy sources replace rather than add to carbon-based energy.

scholarly journals ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SALINITY EXCHANGE IN POLYECTROLYTE-COATED ELECTRODES. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ahualli ◽  
María Luisa L. Jiménez Olivares ◽  
Zoraida Amador Carrasco ◽  
María M. Fernández ◽  
Guillermo R. Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Coated Electrodes

It is now indisputable that clean energy sources must fulfill the increase in energy demand of all societies. For such a challenge, every small step on any renewable source counts....

scholarly journals Hybridization of Green Energy Sources for the Electrification of Remote Villages: A Case Study at Adem Tuleman of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondwosen S Aga ◽  
Ayele N. Legese ◽  
Abebe D Tolche ◽  
Negesh T Roba
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
The Village

Abstract Background: Energy deeply influences the life of rural communities. The industrialized countries depend primarily on modern energy while the developing countries like Ethiopia heavily rely on traditional biomass. Thus, in Ethiopia, the energy sector faces dual challenges: one limited access to modern energy and the second is heavy reliance on traditional biomass energy sources to meet growing energy demand. The modern energy of the country is predominantly from hydropower which accounts for 90% and fuelwood accounts for more than 80% of households' energy supply today, this leads to deforestation and severe land degradation in the country.Objective: This study aim at providing the way to diversify energy sources through integrated hybrid energy sources (wind, solar and diesel generator) to obtain a sustainable autonomous power supply system for remote site. Method: Standalone hybrid system configuration was design by using HOMER software and finds an optimal combination of clean energy as well as comparing it with other energy sources for Adem Tuleman one of the remote sites in Ethiopia. HOMER is optimization tool to determine the possible optimal architecture and control strategy of the system. Results: The study found that the village had a 204.04 kWh/day average energy demand with a 31 kW/day peak load, a 4.5 kWh/day deferrable load, and 0.9kWh/day peak deferrable load. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed system was a feasible solution to electrify Adem Tuleman. A financial analysis indicated that the project would have an initial capital cost of $24,817.00, an operating and maintenance cost of $12,862.00, and a total net present value of $189,233.00.The minimum cost of energy obtained was $0.195/kWh.Conclusion: The simulation result indicates that the proposed standalone hybrid system would be a climate smart and feasible solution for electrify remote village. Moreover, hybrid energy systems allow the effective way of utilizing available renewable energy in the village and providing clean energy which can alleviate energy poverty in many remote sites of Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Investigation of Energy Inflation Dynamics in Pakistan: Revisiting the Role of Structural Determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380
Author(s):  
Sidra Iqbal ◽  
Fouzia Yasmin ◽  
Noreen Safdar ◽  
Maria Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bound Test

Enormous fluctuation has been observed in energy prices in recent years. This strong volatility in energy prices implies grave inferences for Pakistan’s economy as shown by its substantial dependence on imported fuels. In Pakistan, energy prices play a critical role in inflation determination also concluded in the study at hand. The index of energy inflation was constructed, and the role of various control variables such as board money, taxes, oil prices, energy import, and GDP has been elaborated. Current study endeavors to examine the determinants of energy inflation in Pakistan by using time-series data for 1991 to 2019. Unit root was tested by utilizing ADF, furthermore, the Bound test suggested ARDL cointegration for empirical analysis. Therefore, an increase in the demand for energy in economic activities in developing countries indicates an energy demand hence implies energy inflation. The government of Pakistan must focus on the role of these factors to control inflation and to enhance the welfare in the country.

scholarly journals Domestic energy consumption in Ghana: deprivation versus likelihood of access

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan A. Karakara ◽  
Evans S. Osabuohien ◽  
Simplice Asongu
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Energy Deprivation

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the extent to which households are deprived (or otherwise) of clean energy sources in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachIt engages the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data. Three different energy deprivation indicators were estimated: cooking fuel deprivation, lighting deprivation and indoor air pollution. The empirical evidence is based on logit regressions that explain whether households are deprived or not.FindingsThe results show that energy deprivation or access is contingent on the area of residence. Energy access and deprivation in Ghana show some regional disparities, even though across every region, the majority of households use three fuel types: liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal and wood cut. Increases in wealth and education lead to reduction in the likelihood of being energy deprived. Thus, efforts should be geared towards policies that will ensure households having access to clean fuels to reduce the attendant deprivations and corresponding effects of using dangerous or dirty fuels.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by analysing the extent to which households are deprived (or otherwise) of clean energy sources in Ghana.

scholarly journals Pseudocapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibeorchews Prasankumar ◽  
Jemini Jose ◽  
Sujin Jose ◽  
Sreeja P. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Innovation Cost ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Growing Economy

World energy consumption has grown at a rate of knots. Economic growth, increasing prosperity and urbanization, the rise in per capita consumption, and the spread of energy access are the factors likely to considerably increase the total energy demand. In order to meet both the environmental and economic challenges, society realizes the necessity for harvesting the renewable resources, their storage, and recovery. To achieve accelerating clean energy innovation, cost reduction, and deployment of many clean energy technologies, it is important to formulating policies and their implementation, programmes for the development of new and renewable energy apart from coordinating and intensifying R&D in the sector. At present, aggravating energy and environmental issues, such as fossil fuel depletion, pollution problems, and global warming are ringing alarm bells to humans. Thus, there is an urgent need for enhanced energy security along with reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this direction, renewable energy is one of the environmentally friendly sources of energy and effectiveness of growing economy of the whole world in general. The development of environmentally friendly materials is one of the key issues today.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

scholarly journals Sustainable Energy-Related Infrastructure Development in the Mekong Subregion: Key Drivers and Policy Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5720
Author(s):  
Han Phoumin ◽  
Sopheak Meas ◽  
Hatda Pich An
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The One

Many players have supported infrastructure development in the Mekong Subregion, bridging the missing links in Southeast Asia. While the influx of energy-related infrastructure development investments to the region has improved the livelihoods of millions of people on the one hand, it has brought about a myriad of challenges to the wider region in guiding investments for quality infrastructure and for promoting a low-carbon economy, and energy access and affordability, on the other hand. Besides reviewing key regional initiatives for infrastructure investment and development, this paper examines energy demand and supply, and forecasts energy consumption in the subregion during 2017–2050 using energy modeling scenario analysis. The study found that to satisfy growing energy demand in the subregion, huge power generation infrastructure investment, estimated at around USD 190 billion–220 billion, is necessary between 2017 and 2050 and that such an investment will need to be guided by appropriate policy. We argue that without redesigning energy policy towards high-quality energy infrastructure, it is very likely that the increasing use of coal upon which the region greatly depends will lead to the widespread construction of coal-fired power plants, which could result in increased greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide emissions.

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