scholarly journals PERGESERAN BAHASA SEBAGAI DAMPAK SIKAP BAHASA

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwiyani Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
The Government

impacts on the development of the languages used by the community concerned.One of the impacts is language shift. Factors that are conducive to language shiftare varied. One of these factors is language attitude. This article discusses a furtherimpact that language shift itself can in turn cause, i.e., language death, its process,and the efforts made by individuals, social groups, and the government in authorityto maintain the existence of a language, which implies language maintenance.Keywords: language shift, language maintenance

scholarly journals PERGESERAN DAN PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA JAWA DI DAERAH TRANSMIGRASI DI KOTA PALANGKARAYA

Aksara ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Ralph Hery Budhiono
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Language Choices ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
Ecology Of Language

Abstrak Banyak bahasa daerah yang berinteraksi dengan bahasa lain akhirnya mengalami pergeseran, termasuk bahasa Jawa. Pergeseran ini kemudian menimbulkan upaya pemertahanan bahasa. Penelitian ini membahas pergeseran dan pemertahanan bahasa Jawa di daerah transmigrasi di km 38 Kota Palangkaraya. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menggambarkan keadaan kebahasaan dan mendeskripsikan upaya pemertahanan bahasa Jawa yang dilakukan oleh para responden yang menghuni kawasan transmigrasi di km 38 Kota Palangkaraya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan kualitatif. Data diambil dengan cara membagikan kuesioner untuk selanjutnya ditanggapi oleh para responden. Responden yang menjadi penanggap kuesioner ini mencapai 78 orang. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistik. Berdasarkan analisis disimpulkan bahwa ranah memengaruhi pilihan bahasa. Terdapat pula perbedaan rata-rata pilihan bahasa pada ranah dan variabel tertentu. Pilihan bahasa kemudian memunculkan pergeseran bahasa yang kian memprihatinkan. Upaya pemertahanan yang dilakukan oleh para penutur yang tinggal di daerah itu bersifat manasuka dan sukarela, tidak terstruktur, dan tidak formal. Akibatnya regenerasi penutur bahasa Jawa tidak berjalan dengan baik dan tidak berkesinambungan. Kata kunci: pergeseran dan pemertahanan bahasa, sikap dan pilihan bahasa, ekologi bahasa, sosiolinguistik Abstract Many native languages in Indonesia who interact with other codes shift, including Javanese. This shifting lead to massive language maintenance. This interaction leads to language shifting and the shift of language leads to language maintenance. This research is focused on the Javanese shifting and maintenance in transmigration region in Palangkaraya. The goal of the research is to describe the shifting and maintenance of Javanese in the region. This is a descriptive and qualitative research. The data is collected by distributing questionners to some respondents and then to be responded respectively. There are 78 respondents involved in the research. The data is then analyzed by using statistics software. Based on the analysis, domain plays some important roles in the context of language choices. It is also found that there is some average difference in how the respondent’s choice a code in certain contexts. These choices lead to the condition of language shift. How the respondents maintain their language is such kind of unstructural and unformal efforts. Therefore, the language speaker’s regeneration is neither well performed nor sustainably constructed.Keywords: language shift and maintenance, language attitude and preference, ecology of language, sociolinguistics 

scholarly journals Sundanese Language Maintenance in Cianjur City (Ethnographic Research)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 1481-1488
Author(s):  
Wati Kurniawati ◽  
Emzir ◽  
Sabarti Akhadiah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Cultural Domination ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Languages

This research aims to analyse the process of the Sundanese language maintenance in the city of Cianjur, West Java Province by using ethnographic methods. The focus of observations based on the classification of five subfocuses, which is the choice of language and the domain of use, the language attitude of the speakers, factors that threaten the existence of Sundanese language, the preservation of Sundanese language, and the vitality of Sundanese the results showed; (1) The domain of the use, the speech between parents and children in Sundanese, on Wednesday using Sundanese language among employees, the process of marriage in Sundanese language except when the Indonesian government, and the process of trading also using Sundanese language, (2) Language attitudes, Sundanese speakers are positive towards the language, and the government protects the Sundanese language based on local laws and regulations, (3) Threatening factors, internal factors include weakening transmission of regional cultural values, regional languages into marginal language (e.g., in the educational curriculum as local content taught only two hours of lessons in a week), lack of awareness of the young generation in preserving the regional language while external factors are modernization and globalization, the existence of foreign language in Indonesian, and cultural domination, (4) Preservation efforts, foster positive attitude, loyalty, pride, awareness of the language norms of Sundanese, the use of everyday Sundanese language, the presence of inter-generational transmissions, the use of Sundanese in public spaces, a deeper loading of the curriculum, the absorption of vocabulary from various languages, cultural festivals and literacy, and (5) The vitality of the Sundanese language at age groups of 0-14 years tends to the younger generation still uses the Sundanese language when it says to children, but the children sometimes answer the Indonesian language, the vitality of the Sundanese language in the language that serves as a bilingual equality or Multilingual decline.

scholarly journals Language maintenance and shift under pressure: Three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (242) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeşim Sevinç
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Turkish Immigrant ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
Turkish Language

AbstractDrawing on questionnaire and interview data, this study explores the process of language maintenance and shift across three generations of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. It compares three generations of Turkish-Dutch bilinguals by examining age and place of language learning, self-rated language proficiency, and language choices in six domains (home, school, work, friends, media and leisure time activities, and cognitive activities). Furthermore, it investigates bilinguals’ experiences, motivations for learning languages and attitudes towards bilingualism. Findings suggest that following the typical pattern of language shift described by Mario Saltarelli and Susan Gonzo in 1977, language history, self-rated language proficiency and current language practices of third-generation children differ from those of first- and second-generation bilinguals. Consequently, possible language shift among third-generation bilinguals causes socioemotional pressure about maintaining the Turkish language, triggering intergenerational tensions in Turkish immigrant families. At the same time, the perceived need to shift to Dutch for social and economic reasons causes immigrant children to experience tensions and ambiguities in the linguistic connections between the family and other social domains (e. g. school, friendship). The findings evidence that the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands may no longer be as linguistically homogeneous as once observed. The dissolution of homogeneity can be a sign of social change in which maintaining the Turkish language has become a challenge, whereas speaking Dutch is a necessity of life in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Tracking the Deadlock of the Struggle on Inclusive Citizenship Study of the Disability Movement in DIY Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Isnenningtyas Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Disability Movement ◽  
As If

Abstract   Inclusive citizenship is currently being fought for by groups that care about vulnerable groups. In Indonesia the ideals of inclusive citizenship are also fought for persons with disabilities. So far, persons with disabilities have become excluded social groups. The disability movement is intensely voicing inclusive citizenship through the struggle to form regulations that can bring changes to the lives of persons with disabilities, starting from the CRPD Convention, the Disability Persons Act, then local regulation of Disabilities. This paper will use the concept of structuration Giddens and confronting the disability movement in fighting for inclusive citizenship with efforts from the government to capture the issue of inclusive citizenship. The Disability Movement in Yogyakarta Province is a model of the movement that has succeeded in fighting for regional regulations for persons with disabilities. This movement was considered successful when the national movement struggled for the Law on Persons with Disabilities experiencing a deadlock, but in the process the disability movement has not been able to process the issue of inclusive citizenship in its struggle, and the local government as if it does not understand what the disability movement is trying to achieve. Instead of make realize the ideals of inclusive citizenship, the Disability Movement is trapped in an exclusive movement model. The Movement Model in DIY Province is an example in the struggle for inclusive citizenship which was initially considered successful but later suffered a deadlock.  

scholarly journals Impact of socio-economic inequity in access to maternal health benefits in India: Evidence from Janani Suraksha Yojana using NFHS data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247935
Author(s):  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
Karthick Veerapandian ◽  
Prashant Kumar Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Janani Suraksha Yojana ◽  
The Government

Background Caste plays a significant role in Indian society and it influences women to health care access in the community. The implementation of the maternal health benefits scheme in India is biased due to caste identity. In this context, the paper investigates access to Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) among social groups to establish that caste still plays a pivotal role in Indian society. Also, this paper aims to quantify the discrimination against Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SCs/STs) in accessing JSY. Methods This paper uses a national-level data set of both NFHS-3 (2005–06) and NFHS-4 (2015–16). Both descriptive statistics and the Fairlie decomposition econometric model have been used to measure the explained and unexplained differences in access to JSY between SCs/STs and non-SCs/STs groups. Results Overall, the total coverage of JSY in India is still, 36.4%. Further, it is found that 72% of access to JSY is explained by endowment variables. The remaining unexplained percentage (28%) indicates that there is caste discrimination (inequity associated social-discrimination) against SCs/STs in access to JSY. The highest difference (54%) between SCs/STs and non-SCs/STs in access to JSY comes from the wealth quintile, with the positive sign indicating that the gap between the two social groups is widening. Discussion and conclusion It is necessary for the government to implement a better way to counter the caste-based discrimination in access to maternal health benefits scheme. In this regard, ASHA and Anganwadi workers must be trained to reduce the influence of dominant caste groups as well as they must be recruited from the same community to identify the right beneficiaries of JSY and in order to reduce inequity associated with social-discrimination.

scholarly journals Neopatrimonialism and Party Clientelism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teimuraz Kareli
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
The Government ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Party Dominance ◽  
Ruling Party

The article deals with the features of formation of the party systems in the post-Soviet space. To understand the specific processes, the attention is focused on the inverse logic of the post-Soviet states, the basic features of which can be expressed by the concept of neopatrimonialism. In this context the functioning features of political parties, their principal tasks and the logic of creating the "power party" are described. The article examines the key criteria for the concept of the dominant party, such as its ability to consistently and steadily win the elections, the significant duration of its stay in power, as well as its personnel Control over the government. In the sociopolitical discourse the "power party" enjoys a privileged ideological position and has more opportunities compared to its competitors to appeal to voters. Along with that the party dominance reveals itself not only in its external manifestation (the stay in power), but also in the substantial one – the ability to exercise an effective political choice. The article analyzes the factors of sustainability of the "power party" systems: the historical merits of the "power party"; the ruling party’s ability to effectively take advantage of the electoral system; its strong relationships with the most affluent social groups and major corporations, as well as with the predominant ethnic or linguistic social groups; a privileged access of the ruling party to media resources. These factors are also effective in the polycentric political systems without any dominant party. However, under the dominant party systems they manifest themselves in a complex way, providing the ruling camp with a multi-layered protection due to a synergy effect. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of clientelism, widely used by the ruling party as a strategy of political mobilization. However, if discrimination arose by clientelism reaches the level that denies clients the right to choose, this is certainly not consistent with the rules of democracy.

Language Maintenance and Shift

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Potowski
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Basic Tenet ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift

Language shift is the replacement of one language by another as the primary means of communication and socialization within a community. In an effort to understand the factors that contribute to language shift and those which seem to militate against it, this chapter explores several immigrant and non-immigrant contexts around the world, with particular focus on the United States. The principal factors—divided into individual, family, community, and broader societal factors—are often interdependent. The discussion also notes the basic tenet emphasized by Fishman (1991) that language maintenance must involve intergenerational transmission of the language. If intergenerational transmission of a language ceases, it can be said that the speakers have shifted to another language. Many of the world’s 6000 to 7000 languages are being lost—by some estimates, up to half of them—mostly due to the spread of a few dominant languages, which many speakers are shifting to.

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