scholarly journals SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CRIME HOT-SPOT IN THE NORTHEAST PENANG ISLAND DISTRICT AND KUCHING DISTRICT, MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarmiji Masron ◽  
Mohd Norashad Nordin ◽  
Nur Faziera Yaakub ◽  
Norita Jubit
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Spatial Analysis Of Crime ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Spot Analysis

Over time, the relation between criminal acts with drug abuse cases has been discussed pedantically. From social and spatial points of view, this paper aims to determine the hot spot areas of burglary cases in the Northeast Penang Island District and Kuching District. The gained results of burglary cases are then being correlated with the presence of drug abuse cases. Both study areas came with location coordinates of the incident based on police stations boundaries and police station sector boundaries from the year 2015. The type of analysis used for this research is Optimized Hot Spot Analysis. Results for burglary cases of both areas are divided into two (2) which are daytime and nighttime. The spatial analysis revealed that there are five (5) sectors identified as hot spots for the Northeast Penang Island District which involve Jelutong Police Station boundary and Ayer Itam Police Station boundary, while none of the areas identified as hot spot areas in Kuching District.

scholarly journals Assessing Changes in Clusters of Wildlife Road Mortalities after the Construction Wildlife Mitigation Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Yamashita ◽  
Trinity Livinigston ◽  
Kevin Ryer ◽  
John Young ◽  
Richard Kline
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Generalized Linear Modelling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Intersections ◽  
Spot Analysis

Collisions with vehicles are a major threat to wildlife populations and often occur in identifiable patterns. To reduce wildlife road mortalities, mitigation structures including exclusionary fencing and wildlife crossings are constructed. Openings in fencing at road intersections may lead to concentration of road mortality hot spots at openings leading to a belief that these gaps concentrate road mortalities. However, it is also possible that hot spots existed at these locations before construction indicating that road mortality patterns have not changed with mitigation structure construction. Therefore, to assess mitigation structure effectiveness, it is important to examine both road mortality numbers and road mortality spatial distribution. Wildlife road mortality data was collected on a 15-km section of rural highway in Texas, USA before, during, and after the construction of wildlife mitigation structures. We expected that the number of road mortalities would decrease after construction compared to before construction and that road mortalities would become more concentrated around openings in the fence. We used ANOVA to compare numbers of road mortalities and emerging hot spot analysis and generalized linear modelling to assess changes in road mortality spatial distribution. Road mortalities were not significantly different in the before and after construction periods (p = 0.092). While there were no significant changes in road mortality patterns with construction, cluster intensity was greater when nearer to fence openings in all three time periods. Emerging hot spot analysis provides an effective and easy way to visualize road mortality patterns through time, however, due to low numbers of mortalities in many road mortality studies, including this one, the power of this analysis to detect significant changes in road mortality may be limited. This technique can provide both ecologists and transportation planners an effective tool for identifying patterns that may warrant further investigation using traditional statistical techniques.

Project Level Carbon Monoxide Hot-Spot Analysis for Level of Service D Intersections

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Meng ◽  
Debbie A. Niemeier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Spot Analysis ◽  
Project Level

Hot-spot [localized carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) violations] analysis is often required by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine project level air quality conformity of transportation projects in accordance with state implementation plans. EPA uses intersection level of service (LOS) as one of its major criteria for identifying potential CO hot spots. EPA’s 1992 Guideline for Modeling CO from Roadway Intersections states that hot-spot analysis is not required for those intersections operating at LOS A, B, or C (i.e., these intersections are automatically eliminated as potential CO hot spots), whereas intersections operating at LOS D or worse must undergo detailed CO concentration analysis. Of all possible LOS D intersections, clearly only a few will actually require detailed modeling of CO concentrations. A new screening methodology that introduces the concept of meteorological situation-orientated reference charts is presented. Variations on the basic reference charts can incorporate such effects as signal type (e.g., pretimed versus actuated) and future fleet characteristics. Once the desired reference charts have been developed, to use them the analyst needs only to identify the applicable reference chart on the basis of the location of the project at hand and an approximate background concentration. The proposed screening methodology should save both effort and money often wasted on the redesign of intersections that are predicted to be hot spots at the time of air quality conformity analysis and when detailed air quality analysis of LOS D intersections is undertaken for intersections that are unlikely to be CO hot spots.

scholarly journals Maternal HIV and syphilis are not syndemic in Brazil: Hot spot analysis of the two epidemics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255590
Author(s):  
Mary Catherine Cambou ◽  
Eduardo Saad ◽  
Kaitlyn McBride ◽  
Trevon Fuller ◽  
Emma Swayze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Syphilis ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Spot Analysis

While the annual incidence of HIV diagnosis in pregnancy in Brazil remains relatively stable, rates of maternal syphilis increased over six-fold in the past decade. We hypothesized that maternal HIV and syphilis are two distinct epidemics. Data on all cases of maternal HIV or syphilis detected in pregnancy between January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018 were requested from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. In order to evaluate how the epidemics evolved over the time period, ArcGIS software was used to generate spatiotemporal maps of annual rates of detection of maternal HIV and syphilis in 2010 and 2018. We utilized Euclidean-distance hot spot analysis to identify state-specific clusters in 2010 and 2018. From 2010 to 2018, there were 66,631 cases of maternal HIV, 225,451 cases of maternal syphilis, and 150,414 cases of congenital syphilis in Brazil. The state of Rio Grande do Sul had the highest rate of maternal HIV detection in both 2010 and 2018. Hot spots of maternal HIV were identified in the three most Southern states in both 2010 and 2018 (99% confidence, z-score >2.58, p <0.01). While syphilis incidence >30 per 1,000 live births in 2018 in four states, only the two coastal states of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo in Southeastern Brazil were significant hot spots (90% confidence, z-score 1.65–1.95, p <0.10). Contrary to the general assumption, HIV and syphilis epidemics in Brazil are not syndemic in pregnant women. There is a spatial cluster of maternal HIV in the South, while syphilis is increasing throughout the country, more recently on the coast. Focusing on maternal HIV hot spots in the Southern states is insufficient to curtail the maternal and congenital syphilis epidemics throughout the country. New strategies, including ongoing hot spot analysis, are urgently needed to monitor, identify and treat maternal syphilis.

Hot-spot analysis of motorcyclist crashes involving fixed objects using multinomial logit and data mining tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bahar Dadashova ◽  
Chiara Silvestri-Dobrovolny ◽  
Jayveersinh Chauhan ◽  
Marcie Perez ◽  
Roger Bligh
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Mining Tools ◽  
Spot Analysis

An Ancient Retrovirus-like Element Contains Hot Spots for SINE Insertion

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-777
Author(s):  
Michael A Cantrell ◽  
Brian J Filanoski ◽  
Angela R Ingermann ◽  
Katherine Olsson ◽  
Nicole DiLuglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
Sine Insertion ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Character ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Vertebrate retrotransposons have been used extensively for phylogenetic analyses and studies of molecular evolution. Information can be obtained from specific inserts either by comparing sequence differences that have accumulated over time in orthologous copies of that insert or by determining the presence or absence of that specific element at a particular site. The presence of specific copies has been deemed to be an essentially homoplasy-free phylogenetic character because the probability of multiple independent insertions into any one site has been believed to be nil. Mys elements are a type of LTR-containing retrotransposon present in Sigmodontine rodents. In this study we have shown that one particular insert, mys-9, is an extremely old insert present in multiple species of the genus Peromyscus. We have found that different copies of this insert show a surprising range of sizes, due primarily to a continuing series of SINE (short interspersed element) insertions into this locus. We have identified two hot spots for SINE insertion within mys-9 and at each hot spot have found that two independent SINE insertions have occurred at identical sites. These results have major repercussions for phylogenetic analyses based on SINE insertions, indicating the need for caution when one concludes that the existence of a SINE at a specific locus in multiple individuals is indicative of common ancestry. Although independent insertions at the same locus may be rare, SINE insertions are not homoplasy-free phylogenetic markers.

Early stage hot spot analysis through standard cell base random pattern generation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong-Won Jeon ◽  
Jaewan Song ◽  
Jeong-Lim Kim ◽  
Seongyul Park ◽  
Seung-Hune Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Standard Cell ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Cell Base ◽  
Spot Analysis

scholarly journals Geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations across Canada: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e037195
Author(s):  
Piotr Wilk ◽  
Shehzad Ali ◽  
Kelly K Anderson ◽  
Andrew F Clark ◽  
Martin Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Spot Analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the magnitude and pattern of small-area geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) across Canada (excluding Québec).Design and settingA cross-sectional study conducted in Canada (excluding Québec) using data from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) linked prospectively to hospitalisation records from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) for the three fiscal years: 2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009.Primary outcome measurePreventable hospitalisations (ACSC).ParticipantsThe 2006 CanCHEC represents a population of 22 562 120 individuals in Canada (excluding Québec). Of this number, 2 940 150 (13.03%) individuals were estimated to be hospitalised at least once during the 2006–2009 fiscal years.MethodsAge-standardised annualised ACSC hospitalisation rates per 100 000 population were computed for each of the 190 Census Divisions. To assess the magnitude of Census Division-level geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations, the global Moran’s I statistic was computed. ‘Hot spot’ analysis was used to identify the pattern of geographic variation.ResultsOf all the hospitalisation events reported in Canada during the 2006–2009 fiscal years, 337 995 (7.10%) events were ACSC-related hospitalisations. The Moran’s I statistic (Moran’s I=0.355) suggests non-randomness in the spatial distribution of preventable hospitalisations. The findings from the ‘hot spot’ analysis indicate a cluster of Census Divisions located in predominantly rural and remote parts of Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in eastern and northern parts of Nunavut with significantly higher than average rates of preventable hospitalisation.ConclusionThe knowledge generated on the small-area geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations can inform regional, provincial and national decision makers on planning, allocation of resources and monitoring performance of health service providers.

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