scholarly journals HORMONE-ASSOCIATED METABOLIC DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY ORGANS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
George Khodorovskyi ◽  
Lyubov Panina ◽  
Tetiana Shchurko
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

There is emerging evidence of a possible relationship between the oral cavity and reproductive organs. Recent studies suggest these functional relations. The aim of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on this relationship. Clinical observation established that sex hormones enhance gingival inflammation in periodontal healthy women during pregnancy and that periodontal condition is associated with variation of sex hormones in blood. Estrogen regulates DNA synthesis in human gingival epithelial cells and periodontal ligament, estrogen reduces down regulation of cytokines. Estrogen and progesterone affect the periodontium via appropriate receptors (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor). They are localized in human periodontium, demonstrating that periodontal tissues are the target tissues for these hormones. Testosterone receptors are found in the periodontal tissues. It inhibits prostaglandin secretion and reduces interleukin production. At the same time testosterone stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, also enhances matrix synthesis by fibroblast, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament. The role of testosterone in the formation of teeth is demonstrated in the paper. In females and males, in saliva there are sex steroid hormones. The study examined the entry mode of hormones into saliva. The results suggest that lipid soluble unconjugated steroids (estriol, testosterone, progesterone) enter saliva via intracellular route; the conjugated steroids (lipid insoluble (dehydroepiandrosterone, conjugated estrogens)) enter via the ‘tight junctions’ (infiltrations through the tight junctions between the acinar cells). Recent evidence indicates that organs of the oral cavity (salivary glands, periodontal tissues, oral epithelial cells mucus) produce ghrelin-hormone which affects organs of the reproductive system directly or indirectly via hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In all these organs, there is an appropriate receptor. In conclusion, the organs of oral cavity and organs of reproductive system are functionally linked by sex steroid hormones and ghrelin, besides that periodont can influence ovaries by neuro-reflectory link.  

Reproductive system related endocrine activity in man: B. Sex steroid hormones

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (3_Supplc) ◽  
pp. S40-S42
Author(s):  
D.A. Adamopoulos ◽  
P. Vassilopoulos ◽  
N. Kapolla ◽  
L. Kontogeorgos
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Endocrine Activity

scholarly journals Sex Steroid Hormones as a Balancing Factor in Oral Host Microbiome Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Cornejo Ulloa ◽  
Bastiaan P. Krom ◽  
Monique H. van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Oral Microorganisms

Sex steroid hormones (SSH) are cholesterol-derived molecules. They are secreted into saliva and enter the oral cavity, triggering physiological responses from oral tissues, with possible clinical implications, such as gingival inflammation and bleeding. SSH and hormonal changes affect not only oral host cells but also oral microorganisms.Historically, most research has focused on the effect of hormonal changes on specific bacteria and yeasts. Recently a broader effect of SSH on oral microorganisms was suggested. In order to assess the role of SSH in host-microbe interactions in the oral cavity, this review focuses on how and up to what extent SSH can influence the composition and behavior of the oral microbiome. The available literature was reviewed and a comprehensive hypothesis about the role of SSH in host-microbiome interactions is presented. The limited research available indicates that SSH may influence the balance between the host and its microbes in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Selected Sex Related Differences in Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular System

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. KITTNAR
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Arterial Blood

The annual incidence of cardiovascular diseases is age-dependently increasing both in men and women, however, the prevalence is higher in men until midlife. The higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in men than in women of similar age, and the menopause-associated increase in cardiovascular disease in women, has led to speculation that gender-related differences in sex hormones might have a key role in the development and evolution of cardiovascular disease. There are several suggested pathways in which gender and sex hormones can affect human cardiovascular system to produce original sexually different pathophysiology between women and men. Sex steroid hormones and their receptors are critical determinants of cardiovascular gender differences. Also arterial blood pressure is typically lower in women than in men what could be explained particularly by greater synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in women. Female cardiomyocytes have a greater survival advantage when challenged with oxidative stress, suggesting that female hormones may play an important role in antioxidative protection of myocardium. It was also demonstrated in animal models that combination of XX chromosomes versus an XY chromosomes enhances sex differences in higher HDL cholesterol. Women were found to have reduced sympathetic activity (reflected by lower total peripheral resistance) and pulmonary artery pressure and enhanced parasympathetic activity relative to men. Similarly, men were found to have higher plasma norepinephrine levels than women. Regarding differences between the sexes in electrophysiology of the heart, two principle mechanisms have been proposed to explain them: hormonal effects on the expression or function of ion channels or, conversely, differences in autonomic tone. To improve diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, greater focus on understanding the molecular and cellular physiology of the sex steroid hormones and their receptors in the cardiovascular system will be required.

Origin of type I collagen localized within oviduct epithelium of quail hyperstimulated by progesterone

1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
O. Perche ◽  
M. Hayashi ◽  
K. Hayashi ◽  
D. Birk ◽  
R.L. Trelstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Type I

Bird oviduct development is controlled by sex steroid hormones. Estrogens (E) induce cell proliferation, formation of tubular glands by epithelial cell evagination and cell differentiation. Progesterone (P) strongly increases secretory processes in E-treated quails, but inhibits cell proliferation and cell evagination. The balance between E and P is very critical for the development and morphogenesis of the oviduct. After six daily injections of low doses of E (10 micrograms day-1) and high doses of P (5 mg day-1) into ovariectomized quails, cell proliferation and secretory process are stimulated but cell evagination is totally inhibited and distribution of striated collagen is perturbed. Using antibodies against type I collagen the stroma, which is mainly composed of fibroblasts, is brightly stained, as are some regions within the epithelium. Electron microscopy shows that bundles of striated collagen fibrils appear in extracellular spaces between the lateral membranes of the epithelial cells or between the basal lamina and the epithelial basal membrane. After in situ hybridization using a 35S riboprobe specific for mRNA of the alpha 2 chain of type I collagen, mRNA was detected only in the fibroblasts of the stroma and not in epithelial cells. Furthermore electron microscope studies of collagen bundles in serial sections clearly show collagen fibrils passing through the basal lamina. It is assumed that the type I collagen between epithelial cells originates from mesenchymal cells. In the oviduct of immature birds or after physiological E + P stimulation, striated collagen is localized only in the stroma and never within the epithelium. These results indicate a modulation of extracellular matrix by sex steroid hormones in the quail oviduct.

scholarly journals Sex Steroid Hormones in Older Men: Longitudinal Associations with 4.5-Year Change in Hip Bone Mineral Density—The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 4314-4323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
Susan K. Ewing ◽  
Brent C. Taylor ◽  
Howard A. Fink ◽  
Kristine E. Ensrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hip Bmd

Context: There is limited information on the association between sex hormones and bone loss in older men. Objective: Our objective was to determine the longitudinal association between sex steroid hormones and bone mineral density (BMD). Design and Setting: We conducted a prospective study of 5995 men aged at least 65 yr old at six U.S. clinical centers. Participants: Sex steroid hormones were measured in a random sample of 1602 men. After exclusions, 1238 men were included in cross-sectional analyses and 969 in longitudinal analyses. Baseline sex hormones were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioavailable (Bio) estradiol (BioE2) and testosterone (BioT) were calculated from mass action equations. SHBG was measured using chemiluminescent substrate. Main Outcome Measures: BMD of the total hip, measured at baseline and once or twice afterward over 4.6 yr of follow-up, was evaluated. Results: The annualized percent change in hip BMD increased with decreasing BioE2 (P trend = 0.03). Men with the lowest BioE2 (<39.7 pmol/liter) compared with the highest BioE2 (≥66.0 pmol/liter) experienced 38% faster rate of BMD loss (P < 0.05). There was no association between BioT and hip BMD loss. Men with lowest BioE2, lowest BioT, and highest SHBG experienced a 3-fold faster rate of BMD loss compared with men with higher levels (P = 0.02). A threshold effect of SHBG was observed; the rate of hip BMD loss increased in men with SHBG of 49–60 nm. Conclusions: Low BioE2 and high SHBG levels were associated with lower BMD and faster hip BMD loss. The combination of low BioE2, low BioT, and high SHBG was associated with significantly faster rates of BMD loss.

scholarly journals Activation of PPAR by Rosiglitazone Does Not Negatively Impact Male Sex Steroid Hormones in Diabetic Rats

PPAR Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mansour ◽  
Elaine Coleman ◽  
John Dennis ◽  
Benson Akingbemi ◽  
Dean Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Zdf Rats

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) activation decreased serum testosterone (T) in women with hyperthecosis and/or polycystic ovary syndrome and reduced the conversion of androgens to estradiol (E2) in female rats. This implies modulation of female sex steroid hormones by PPAR. It is not clear if PPAR modulates sex steroid hormones in diabetic males. Because PPAR activation by thiazolidinedione increased insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, understanding the long term impact of PPAR activation on steroid sex hormones in males is critical. Our objective was to determine the effect of PPAR activation on serum and intratesticular T, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and E2 concentrations in male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats treated with the PPAR agonist rosiglitazone (a thiazolidinedione). Treatment for eight weeks increased PPAR mRNA and protein in the testis and elevated serum adiponectin, an adipokine marker for PPAR activation. PPAR activation did not alter serum or intratesticular T concentrations. In contrast, serum T level but not intratesticular T was reduced by diabetes. Neither diabetes nor PPAR activation altered serum E2 or gonadotropins FSH and LH concentrations. The results suggest that activation of PPAR by rosiglitazone has no negative impact on sex hormones in male ZDF rats.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF METABOLITES IN THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ROSACEA-TIDES (PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Hladchuk ◽  
Veronika Bocharova ◽  
Vasily Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Key Words Fever ◽  
The Brain

The materials consider the problematic aspects of the importance of metabolites in such manifestations of rosacea-tides as local fever and redness of the skin. It is emphasized that in addition to sex steroid hormones, such centers of the brain as thermoregulation and hemodynamics are affected by both hormonal metabolites (sex hormones) and non-hormonal (prostaglandins).Key words: fever and flushing, prostaglandins, steroid metabolites.

scholarly journals Sex Steroid Hormones and Cell Dynamics in the Periodontium

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Relationship

The biological changes that occur in tissues of the periodontium during puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause, and oral contraceptive use have heightened interest in the relationship between sex steroid hormones and periodontal health. These clinical observations coupled with tissue specificity of hormone localization, identification of hormone receptors, as well as the metabolism of hormones have strongly suggested that periodontal tissues are targets for androgens, estrogens, and progestins. The etiologies of periodontal endocrinopathies are diverse; nonetheless, periodontal pathologies may be a consequence of the actions and interactions of sex steroid hormones on specific cells found in the periodontium.

Atherosclerosis and sex hormones: current concepts

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 493-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo C. Villablanca ◽  
Muthuvel Jayachandran ◽  
Carole Banka
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sex Steroid

CVD (cardiovascular disease) is the leading cause of death for women. Considerable progress has been made in both our understanding of the complexities governing menopausal hormone therapy and our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hormone and hormone receptor function. Understanding the interplay of atherosclerosis and sex steroid hormones and their cognate receptors at the level of the vessel wall has important ramifications for clinical practice. In the present review, we discuss the epidemiology of CVD in men and women, the clinical impact of sex hormones on CVD, and summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with a focus on gender differences in CVD, its clinical presentation and course, and pathobiology. The critical animal and human data that pertain to the role of oestrogens, androgens and progestins on the vessel wall is also reviewed, with particular attention to the actions of sex hormones on each of the three key cell types involved in atherogenesis: the endothelium, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Where relevant, the systemic (metabolic) effects of sex hormones that influence atherogenesis, such as those involving vascular reactivity, inflammation and lipoprotein metabolism, are discussed. In addition, four key current concepts in the field are explored: (i) total hormone exposure time and coronary heart disease risk; (ii) the importance of tissue specificity of sex steroid hormones, critical timing and the stage of atherosclerosis in hormone action; (iii) biomarkers for atherosclerosis with regard to hormone therapy; and (iv) the complex role of sex steroids in inflammation. Future studies in this field will contribute to guiding clinical treatment recommendations for women and help define research priorities.

scholarly journals Importance of neurotransmitters in the regulation of the reproductive system

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Alina O. Ivanova ◽  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Natalia N. Tkachenko ◽  
Ekaterina A. Kondratyeva
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Hypothesis/aims of study. Recently, due to empowering the improvement of care for patients with traumatic brain injury and creating effective methods of intensive therapy for severe brain lesions of various genesis, there has been a tendency towards an increased number of patients who have gone out of a coma into an unconscious state a vegetative state or an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (BS / UWS). The functions of the brain stem and hypothalamus in patients in a BS / UWS are preserved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of the relationship between the regulation of sex steroid hormones and the secretion of neurotransmitters. Study design, materials and methods. The study was performed using systematic analysis and compilation of literature data obtained by foreign and domestic authors over the period from 1931 to 2018. Results. This article reviews publications covering the relationship between the regulation of sex steroid hormones and the secretion of neurotransmitters, as well as their effect on the reproductive system. The theory of neurosecretion depicting the mechanisms of positive and negative feedback of the synthesis of neurotransmitters and sex steroid hormones, and the characteristics of the secretion machineries for sex hormones with normogonadotropic and hypogonadotropic pituitary insufficiency, and nonendocrine manifestations of the pathology of the hypothalamus is highlighted in this review. Conclusion. The hormonal profile of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness remains almost unstudied. A further study of the hormonal profile in this patient category will create the prerequisites for the development of pathogenetically substantiated hormone-modifying replacement therapy, which may have a positive effect on the dynamics of recovery of consciousness and improve treatment outcomes.

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