Prevalência da Síndrome Pré-menstrual e seus Principais Sintomas Observados em Acadêmicas do Curso de Medicina de uma Faculdade do Sul de Minas Gerais/Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and its Main Symptoms Observed in Students of a Medical School Cours

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Miguel da Silva Diniz ◽  
Andreza Cristina Souza Lima ◽  
Hildebrando Pereira ◽  
Gislene Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
De Medicina

Objetivos: Avaliar a presença da síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) e sua intensidade, bem como os principais sintomas relacionados em acadêmicas do curso de medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Itajubá. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito com mulheres que ingressaram no curso entre os anos de 2005 a 2011, através de um questionário em que as acadêmicas eram classificadas de acordo com a intensidade dos sintomas de SPM e agrupadas em um tipo de sintoma principal. Resultados e Discussão: A ocorrência da SPM foi observada em 100% das acadêmicas entrevistadas em todos os anos, independentemente da série, ou seja, todas as acadêmicas apresentaram algum sintoma, mesmo que leve, da SPM.  No entanto, o 2° ano letivo foi o que teve a maior média de sintomas (média de 41,7 pontos) da SPM, e o 6°, a menor (média de 36,1). Quanto às características de sintomas das acadêmicas, as manifestações mais citadas foram a irritabilidade e compulsividade. Conclusão: A alta prevalência da SPM foi observada em todos os anos entrevistados, indo de encontro com a literatura, que indica a presença da síndrome em mulheres de todo o mundo, tornando necessária a existência de estudos que facilitem o diagnostico precoce com seu respectivo tratamento mais adequado, reduzindo seus efeitos no cotidiano das mulheres.   Palavras-chave: Síndrome pré-menstrual, ciclo menstrual, sintomas pré-menstruais. ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the presence of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its intensity, as well as major academic-related symptoms in the course of medicine at Medical College of Itajubá. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted with women who entered the course between the years 2005 to 2011, through a questionnaire the students were classified according to the intensity of the symptoms of PMS and grouped into one type of symptom page. Results and Discussion: The occurrence of PMS was observed in 100% of academic respondents in every year, regardless of the series, all academic exhibited some symptoms, even mild PMS. However, the 2nd year was academic year that had the highest average number of symptoms (mean 41,7 points) of PMS, and the sixth year, the lowest (average 36,1). Regarding the characteristics of academic symptoms, the most mentioned manifestations were the irritability and compulsiveness. Conclusion: A high prevalence of PMS was observed in all the years surveyed, in agreement with the literature, which indicates the presence of the syndrome in women worldwide, showing the need of studies that facilitate early diagnosis with their respective more appropriate treatment, reducing its effects on the daily lives of women. Keywords: Premenstrual syndrome, menstrual cycle, premenstrual symptoms. 

scholarly journals Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and the Myth of the Irrational Female

2020 ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Sally King
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Rigorous Approach

Abstract King’s chapter begins by describing the historical context of ‘premenstrual’ symptoms, which were first formally described in 1931. She then questions the prioritization of mood-based symptoms in the diagnostic criteria for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). King argues that population studies suggest that mood-based symptoms are not the most common nor most disruptive of menstrual changes. She then proposes that the trend of ‘psychologizing’ premenstrual symptoms is influenced by the sexist historical assumption of ‘the myth of the irrational female’—the idea that women, due to their reproductive biology, are pathologically emotional and thus have a reduced capacity for reason. The author concludes by calling for a more integrated and rigorous approach to PMS definitions and research to support people who experience cyclical symptoms, without unintentionally pathologizing the menstrual cycle or stigmatizing an entire gender.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Premenstrual Symptoms and Symptom Severity among Female Medical Students - An Institutional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Neelam Banga ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Gunjeet Singh Sandhu ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh ◽  
Avneesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Premenstrual Symptom ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
Menstrual Distress ◽  
Severe Degree

BACKGROUND Premenstrual symptoms are generally seen 7 - 10 days before the menstruation period and are collectively called as premenstrual syndrome. Dysmenorrhea is the most common premenstrual symptom that affects the lifestyle and activity of young women. This study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and its severity in female medical student population of Government Medical college, Patiala, Punjab. METHODS 500 female medical students aged between 18 - 28 years were included in the study. Female students were asked to fill preformed questionnaire to elicit gynaecological information as well as the 4-point grading scale menstrual distress questionnaires. Symptoms were divided into two groups: physical symptoms and behavioural / psychological symptoms. RESULTS Only 30.24 % of the students reported one or more symptoms; of these, 22.76 % were having mild, 5.6 % moderate and 1.87 % severe degree of symptoms. From physical and behavioural / psychological symptoms, it was noticed that behavioural / psychological symptoms predominate. Among physical symptoms, breast tenderness is experienced most followed by bloating, and weight gain during premenstrual phase. Among psychological / behavioural symptoms, irritability predominates followed by restlessness & mood swings. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis is best achieved through daily rating symptoms over at least one menstrual cycle; clinicians can ask patients to choose their worst symptoms and chart the severity daily, or can select a validated scale such as the Daily Record of Severity of Problems. Disappearance of symptoms after menstruation is the key to diagnosis. KEYWORDS Premenstrual Syndrome, Depressive Disorder, Prevalence, Dysmenorrhea

scholarly journals A study of impact of stress: examinations on menstrual cycle among medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Kumar Rathi ◽  
Megha Agrawal ◽  
Girish Chandra Baniya
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Premenstrual Symptom ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Exam Stress ◽  
Moderate Stress

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), a common problem among adolescent girls, is associated with various physical, mental and behavioral symptoms that lead to social and occupational impairment. Stress has also been hypothesized to be an important etiologic factor. Examination stress may also be responsible for affecting the premenstrual symptoms. The objectives of this study was to study the impact of exam stress on the menstrual cycle and the relationship of perceived stress with the severity of premenstrual symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among female medical students of final MBBS, who were candidate of upcoming exams. They were assessed on semi structured socio-demographic and menstrual history proforma, ACOG guidelines, DSM-5 criteria, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST).Results: As per ACOG guidelines, 66% participants had PMS and 6% participants had PMDD according to DSM-5 criteria. On PSST total 88% participants had premenstrual symptoms and out of them 58% had mild/no PMS while 30% had moderate to severe PMS. 5% participants also fulfilled criteria for PMDD on PSST. Stress was found to be mild in 26% and moderate in 74% participants on PSS. PMS was found in 93.75% participants who had painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea) and this association was statistically significant. Data wise 73.1% participants having mild stress had PMS, while 93.2% participants having moderate stress, had PMS and this association was found to be statistically significant.  Surprisingly not a single participant consulted to any health care provider for their menstruation related problems.Conclusions: Premenstrual Syndrome is common in adolescent girls and exam stress is an important etiological factor. PMS/PMDD was found significantly higher in participants who had dysmenorrhea and moderate stress. A positive and highly significant correlation was also found between the severity of stress and severity of premenstrual symptoms.

Premenstrual Symptoms in Self-Referrals to a Suicide Prevention Service

1971 ◽  
Vol 119 (552) ◽  
pp. 525-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Wetzel ◽  
James N. McClure ◽  
Theodore Reich
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Premenstrual Tension ◽  
Prevention Service ◽  
The Relationship

Two studies have been made of the relationship between premenstrual tension and phase of the menstrual cycle at the time of suicide attempt. Tonks et al. (1968) reported a negative relationship. Women without premenstrual symptoms accounted for the premenstrual increase in suicide attempts. Zacco et al. (1960) reported a significant positive relationship, women with the premenstrual syndrome being more likely to attempt premenstrually.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Premenstrual Syndrome among Married and Unmarried Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
M. Smitha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiological Symptoms ◽  
Level Of Significance

Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by a wide range of psychological, physical, and physiological symptoms. The study's goal was to evaluate and contrast premenstrual symptoms in married and unmarried women. The sample size was 300 women, including 150 unmarried and 150 married women selected by age group at SreeBalaji Medical College and Hospital's Obstetrics and Gynecology Out Patient Department. Data was collected from unmarried and married women using a premenstrual symptoms checklist. At the 0.05 level of significance, the value was confirmed to be statistically significant. There was a considerable difference in premenstrual symptoms between unmarried and married women, it can be deduced.

Spontaneous anovulation causing disappearance of cyclical symptoms in women with the premenstrual syndrome

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hammarbäk ◽  
Ulla-Britt Ekholm ◽  
Torbjörn Bäckström
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Symptom Ratings

Abstract. In the premenstrual syndrome the negative symptoms appear during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum seem to be of great importance in precipitating the syndrome. In a large group of women with premenstrual syndrome investigated daily with symptom ratings and weekly plasma estradiol and progesterone assays, 8 were found to have one ovulatory and one spontaneously occurring anovulatory menstrual cycle. In both these cycles, the post- and premenstrual phases were compared by testing for recurrence of symptoms. All patients showed a highly significant cyclical worsening of negative premenstrual symptoms during the ovulatory cycles, whereas in the anovulatory cycles the cyclical symptoms disappeared, resulting in relief of the premenstrual syndrome. These results support earlier hypotheses, suggesting that the premenstrual syndrome appears as a result of provoking factors produced by the corpus luteum. This view is in line with earlier therapeutic findings showing that induced anovulation can relieve the premenstrual syndrome.

Characteristics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Sub-fertile Woman Attending to GOPD in ShSMCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Jinnat Ara Islam ◽  
Fatema Ashraf ◽  
Eva Rani Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fertile Women

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterized by menstrual abnormalities (oligo/amenorrhea) and clinical or biochemical features of hyperandrogenism and may manifest at any age. It is a common cause of female subfertility. All the dimensions of PCOS have not been yet completely explored. Methods: It was a cross sectional comparative study carried out at-GOPD of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital from January, 2016 to December 2016 on 162 subfertile women. Among them 54 were PCOS group and 108 were non PCOS group. PCOS was diagnosed by (Rotterdam criteria 2003) (i) Oligo or anovulation (ii) hyperandrogenism (iii) Polycystic ovaries. Study was done to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics, clinical, biochemical and ultrasoundgraphic features of sub-fertile women with and without PCOS. Results: A total of 162 sub-fertile women aged 16-36 years. Mean age was 29.5±5.4. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of (oligo/amenorrhea), hirsutism, WHR and ovarian ultrasound features. There were no significant differences between two groups in correlations between the level of obesity with the incidence of anovulation, hyperandrogenism or with hormonal features. Conclusion: PCOS is one of the important factors causing Infertility. It is an ill-defined symptom complex needed due attention. There is a need to increase awareness regarding. The clinical features of PCOS are heterogenous thus can be investigated accordingly of selection of appropriate treatment modality. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 17-23

scholarly journals The Adrenal Gland: Central Relay in Health and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reincke ◽  
Felix Beuschlein ◽  
Stefan Bornstein ◽  
Graeme Eisenhofer ◽  
Martin Fassnacht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health And Disease

Diseases of the adrenal gland are as important for the general practitioner as for the endocrine specialist. The high prevalence of some adrenal endocrinopathies, such as adrenal incidentalomas (1–2% of the population) and primary aldosteronism (6% of hypertensives), which affect millions of patients, makes adrenal diseases a relevant health issue. The high morbidity and mortality of some of the rarer adrenal diseases, i. e., Addison’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome (Table 1), make early detection and appropriate treatment such a challenge for the health care system.

Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle

Cephalalgia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Silberstein ◽  
G R Merriam
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Cns Neurons

The normal female life cycle is associated with a number of hormonal milestones: menarche, pregnancy, contraceptive use, menopause, and the use of replacement sex hormones. All these events and interventions alter the levels and cycling of sex hormones and may cause a change in the prevalence or intensity of headache. The menstrual cycle is the result of a carefully orchestrated sequence of interactions among the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, and endometrium, with the sex hormones acting as modulators and effectors at each level. Oestrogen and progestins have potent effects on central serotonergic and opioid neurons, modulating both neuronal activity and receptor density. The primary trigger of menstrual migraine appears to be the withdrawal of oestrogen rather than the maintenance of sustained high or low oestrogen levels. However, changes in the sustained oestrogen levels with pregnancy (increased) and menopause (decreased) appear to affect headaches. Headaches that occur with premenstrual syndrome appear to be centrally generated, involving the inherent rhythm of CNS neurons, including perhaps the serotonergic pain-modulating systems.

Drugs for the premenstrual syndrome

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Menstrual Flow ◽  
Separate Condition

The premenstrual syndrome includes a variety of symptoms, which regularly recur at the same phase of each menstrual cycle, commonly during the premenstruum and early during menstruation.1 2 The onset of full menstrual flow usually brings complete and dramatic relief. Irritability, tension, depression, lethargy, careless behaviour, and feeling bloated are common. Other symptoms occur less often, for example headache, migraine, backache and other muscle and joint pains, asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, and epilepsy.1 The symptoms may continue cyclically after the menopause. Dysmenorrhoea is not associated with the premenstrual syndrome: it appears to be a quite separate condition.

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