scholarly journals Results of epizootic monitoring of natural foci of particularly dangerous infections common to humans and animals in Rostov Oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
E. Y. Lukshina ◽  
V. V. Batashev ◽  
E. V. Kovalev ◽  
G. V. Karpushchenko ◽  
V. V. Balakhnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci

Objective: To analyze the results of epizootic monitoring of natural foci of particularly dangerous infections common to humans and animals in Rostov Oblast to establish their activity.Materials and Methods: The data of epizootic monitoring conducted by zoologists; the results of laboratory research of field material obtained in natural foci of infectious diseases. Descriptive, zoological, genetic, serological methods, and retrospective epidemiological analysis were used.Results: The results of the conducted epizootic monitoring showed the presence in Rostov Oblast of natural foci of particularly dangerous infectious diseases common to humans and animals. While the natural focus of the plague is in a depressed state and does not show activity, in the foci of tularemia, West Nile fever (WNF), Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF), ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (ITB), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), Q fever, Batai fever, California serogroups, Syndbis revealed the antigens of these pathogens in biological material obtained from small mammals and blood-sucking insects, which indicates the epizootic activity of these foci. In the natural foci of WNF, CHF, ITB, HFRS, cases of these disease among the population were recorded, which confirms the epidemic activity of these foci.Conclusion: The obtained results of epizootic monitoring over the period from 2008 to 2020 emphasize the relevance and necessity of continuing these studies in natural foci in Rostov Oblast.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGIC SITUATION BY NATURAL-FOCI INFECTIONS IN THE CRIMEA FEDERAL DISTRICT IN 2014 - 2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
L. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents

Aim. Analysis of epidemic manifestations of natural-foci infections (NFI), clarification of spectrum of their causative agents, determination of epizootic activity of natural foci in the Crimea Federal District (KFD). Materials and methods. Epizootologic examination of 10 administrative districts of KDF was carried out. 291 pools (2705 specimens) of ixodes ticks and 283 samples of organs of small mammals were studied by PCR method for the presence of DNA/RNA of causative agents of a number of NFI. Results. Morbidity by NFI in KFD was registered by 6 nosologies: Lyme borreliosis, Marseilles fever, leptospirosis, tularemia, intestine yersiniosis and tick-borne viral encephalitis, wherein, transmissive infections made up 91.6%. Circulation of causative agents of Crimea hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, group of tick-borne spotted fever, Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, tularemia and leptospirosis was established. Conclusion. Due to activity of natural foci of NFI further monitoring of epidemiologic and epizootologic manifestations of these infections in the Crimea, including using genetic methods of analysis, is necessary for ensuring sanitary-epidemiologic welfare of KFD population.

scholarly journals Results of Epizootiological Monitoring of Small Mammals Habitant in Crimea Over the Period of 2015–2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Kovalenko ◽  
L. S. Zinich ◽  
S. N. Yakunin ◽  
O. A. Poluektova ◽  
O. Yu. Ramenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci

Objective of this work is to analyze the spatial distribution of various species of small mammals, caught between 2015 and 2017, and to identify the dominant species in different landscape areas, as well as their role in functioning of natural foci of zoonotic infections (tularemia, leptospirosis, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus infection) in the territory of Crimea. Materials and methods. Small mammals were caught during the period of 2015–2017 and investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and direct hemagglutination reaction. Results and conclusions. The dominant species of small mammals, containing the causative agents of some or other natural-focal infection are ubiquitous species, i.e. disseminated across the territory of the whole peninsula. In the presence of concomitant favorable conditions, they may contribute to the expansion of the natural foci of these infections. Positive tests for Lyme disease detected not only in small mammals caught in mountain-forest areas, but in steppe zone too may testify to the fact that the border of the natural focus of this infection is expanded. To clarify the boundaries of the natural foci of infections circulating in the territory of Crimea, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive analysis of distribution of small mammals, blood-sucking ectoparasites, and also epidemic manifestations in different natural areas of Crimea.

scholarly journals Concerning the Allocation of Emerging Natural Foci of the Currently Important Infectious Diseases in the West of Kazakhstan

2014 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Grazhdanov ◽  
T. Z. Ayazbaev ◽  
A. V. Toporkov ◽  
F. G. Bidashko ◽  
A. V. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Natural Foci

Within the period of 2000-2011, in the West of Kazakhstan, identified have been five, previously unknown in the territory, natural foci of dangerous infectious diseases such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Astrakhan spotty fever, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, and tick-borne viral encephalitis. The reason is that key ecological factors for the persistence of the infections in the local biocoenoses occurred. It is characteristic that circulation of the agents of new infectious diseases is registered in the territory of the long-established natural plague and tularemia foci. Since 2000 and on, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome morbidity is registered in the Western-Kazakhstan Region on a regular basis. There is some evidence to identification of West Nile fever patients in the territory of Russia in 2012, which came from Kazakhstan. Based on the spatial distribution of the natural foci of various infections, Western-Kazakhstan Region has been subdivided into four areas. In order to provide for the effective prophylaxis of emerging diseases, it is essential that healthcare facilities and services dealing with infectious diseases are consolidated and reinforced, and epidemiological surveillance is improved with the current conditions in mind.

scholarly journals Emerging Natural Focal Infectious Diseases in Russia: A Medical–Geographical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8005
Author(s):  
Svetlana Malkhazova ◽  
Polina Pestina ◽  
Anna Prasolova ◽  
Dmitry Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Current Status ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
The North

In Russia, as in other countries, the problem of emerging natural focal infectious diseases (EIDs) became more acute toward the end of the 20th century. However, the situation in Russia is unknown to foreign readers, while the prevention and control of these diseases require international collaboration. The aim of the study is to provide a medical–geographical assessment of the distribution of the main natural focal EIDs in Russia, as well as to present the approaches used in the country to create aggregate maps of risk assessment. To consider its current status, we determined the most important natural focal EIDs for Russia (tick-borne encephalitis, ixodid tick-borne borrelioses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, Astrakhan spotted fever, leptospiroses, and tularemia) and analyzed the patterns of their epidemic manifestation. As a result, a working classification of such infections and a series of maps showing the current situation of EID morbidity in Russia were created. To design an aggregated risk map, we developed an original mapping methodology and recalculated the model disease incidence by taking data from administrative units and adjusting them for natural geographical boundaries (biomes) for European Russia, and then evaluated the risk of infection for separate model diseases and for a set of them. The highest risk rates are confined to the northwest regions of European Russia, the Cis-Urals and the Volga region, which are naturally related to forest biomes, as well as to the southern steppe regions of the interfluves between the Volga and the Don, and the foothills of the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals Emerging and Re-emerging Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases and the Challenges for Control: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayissa Chala ◽  
Feyissa Hamde
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Many ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Vector-borne emerging and re-emerging diseases pose considerable public health problem worldwide. Some of these diseases are emerging and/or re-emerging at increasing rates and appeared in new regions in the past two decades. Studies emphasized that the interactions among pathogens, hosts, and the environment play a key role for the emergence or re-emergence of these diseases. Furthermore, social and demographic factors such as human population growth, urbanization, globalization, trade exchange and travel and close interactions with livestock have significantly been linked with the emergence and/or re-emergence of vector-borne diseases. Other studies emphasize the ongoing evolution of pathogens, proliferation of reservoir populations, and antimicrobial drug use to be the principal exacerbating forces for emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne infectious diseases. Still other studies equivocally claim that climate change has been associated with appearance and resurgence of vector-borne infectious diseases. Despite the fact that many important emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infectious diseases are becoming better controlled, our success in stopping the many new appearing and resurging vector-borne infectious diseases that may happen in the future seems to be uncertain. Hence, this paper reviews and synthesizes the existing literature to explore global patterns of emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infections and the challenges for their control. It also attempts to give insights to the epidemiological profile of major vector-borne diseases including Zika fever, dengue, West Nile fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, and Rift Valley fever.

Information about the fauna of ixodid ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in the north of the Aktobe region

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Zh.U. Katuova ◽  
Z.Z. Sayakova ◽  
A.Zh. Zhaymakhova ◽  
T.T. Koylybayev ◽  
R.A. Utemisova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Many ◽  
Intensive Development

The territory of the Aktobe region is unfavorable for some zoonotic infectious diseases, which are carried by blood-sucking arthropods. Feeding on the blood of obviously sick wild animals in natural foci, bloodsuckers can attack livestock and people and thereby contribute to the transfer of infectious agents to human settlements. Ixodid ticks are one of the many bloodsuckers capable of preserving and transmitting pathogens of especially dangerous infections to susceptible animals and humans. In the conditions of intensive development of transport communications on the territory of the Aktobe region, ixodids, as carriers of infectious agents, may present serious dangers. Despite many years of research, the tick fauna of the Aktobe region has not been completely studied. In 2018-2020, we conducted studies of ixodids in the north of the Aktobe region to clarify the current state of their fauna. Studies of ticks were carried out in inhibited areas of fi ve districts of the region in natural biotopes, with wild and agricultural animals according to the generally accepted method. As a result of studies in the north of the Aktobe region, the habitat of 5 species of ticks belonging to three genera were revealed: Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus. Key words: fauna, ixodid ticks, vectors, range, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CREATION OF SPECIFIC PREPARATIONS FOR ETIOTROPIC THERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF WEST NILE FEVER AND CRIMEAN HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER

2016 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
V. I. Efremenko ◽  
A. A. Efremenko ◽  
D. V. Efremenko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Problematic issues on creation and practical introduction of specific immune biologic preparations for therapy and prophylaxis of natural-foci arbovirus infections - West Nile fever (WNF) and Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF), that are not available until now, are examined. Persistent natural foci of WNF and CHF with epidemic manifestations have formed in Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts of Russia. Markers of Wfest Nile virus are being detected in central regions of Russia and Siberia, and the presence of fraction of population immune to this infection is also detected. Analysis of literature sources that has been carried out forms a theoretical basis for creation of novel specific preparations for etiotropic therapy and prophylaxis ofWNF and CHF. Use of blood from healthy donors with sufficiently high titers of class G immunoglobulins residing in certain subjects of Russian Federation in natural foci territories with the most intensive epidemic process is possible as raw material.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF EPIDEMIC SURVEILLANCE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
A. A. Nafeyev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Active Natural

This paper characterizes the epidemic process of leptospirosis. The current new herd infections are typified by: 1) the formation of new natural foci under anthropogenic and climatic factors; 2) the change in the biocenotic structure of natural foci; 3) the formation of natural foci of mixed infectious diseases of bacterial and virus etiology; 4) the change in the epidemic potential of natural foci; 5) synathropization of infectious diseases. Few or no registered leptospirosis cases in some silent areas are frequently attributable to poor differential, including laboratory, diagnosis. The epidemic process is characterized in terms of the active natural focus of leptospirosis in a long-term period.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Analysis of the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Jewish Autonomous Region in 2003 - 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
E. I. Andaev ◽  
A. V. Sevostianova ◽  
N. V. Breneva ◽  
A. K. Noskov ◽  
P. V. Kopylov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
Operational Data

Retrospective epidemiological analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was performed in the Jewish Autonomous Region based on archival, statistical and operational data of 133 HFRS cases. Total 63 mammal samples were examined by ELISA and RT-PCR. Large-scale flooding in 2013 sharpened the epizootological condition and created the preconditions for epidemiological complications. The high increase in HFRS incidence in 2014 was characterized by the epidemiological process intensity displacement from the southern areas to least affected by flooding northern parts of the region and alteration of the seasonality corresponding to the maximum number of carriers in natural foci. Since 2015 a decrease of morbidity is observing. RNA and antigen of Hantaviruses were found in Apodemus agrarius and Microtus maximowiczii. Sequencing of L-gene fragment (334 bp) of RNA-containing samples showed their taxonomic affiliation to the three Hantaviruses: Khabarovsk, Hantaan and Puumala.

scholarly journals Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2001-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
Abdolmajid Ghasemian ◽  
Abubakar Abdinasir ◽  
Seyed Alireza Nematollahi Mahani ◽  
Salman Rawaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Background: Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are predisposed to highly contagious, severe and fatal, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), and re-emerging infectious diseases (RIDs). This paper reviews the epidemiological situation of EIDs and RIDs of global concern in the EMR between 2001 and 2018. Methods: To do a narrative review, a complete list of studies in the field was we prepared following a systematic search approach. Studies that were purposively reviewed were identified to summarize the epidemiological situation of each targeted disease. A comprehensive search of all published studies on EIDs and RIDs between 2001 and 2018 was carried out through search engines including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Results: Leishmaniasis, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are reported from all countries in the region. Chikungunya, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), dengue fever, and H5N1 have been increasing in number, frequency, and expanding in their geographic distribution. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which was reported in this region in 2012 is still a public health concern. There are challenges to control cholera, diphtheria, leishmaniasis, measles, and poliomyelitis in some of the countries. Moreover, Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHF), and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are limited to some countries in the region. Also, there is little information about the real situation of the plague, Q fever, and tularemia. Conclusion: EIDs and RIDs are prevalent in most countries in the region and could further spread within the region. It is crucial to improve regional capacities and capabilities in preventing and responding to disease outbreaks with adequate resources and expertise.

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