scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGIC SITUATION BY NATURAL-FOCI INFECTIONS IN THE CRIMEA FEDERAL DISTRICT IN 2014 - 2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
L. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents

Aim. Analysis of epidemic manifestations of natural-foci infections (NFI), clarification of spectrum of their causative agents, determination of epizootic activity of natural foci in the Crimea Federal District (KFD). Materials and methods. Epizootologic examination of 10 administrative districts of KDF was carried out. 291 pools (2705 specimens) of ixodes ticks and 283 samples of organs of small mammals were studied by PCR method for the presence of DNA/RNA of causative agents of a number of NFI. Results. Morbidity by NFI in KFD was registered by 6 nosologies: Lyme borreliosis, Marseilles fever, leptospirosis, tularemia, intestine yersiniosis and tick-borne viral encephalitis, wherein, transmissive infections made up 91.6%. Circulation of causative agents of Crimea hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, group of tick-borne spotted fever, Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, tularemia and leptospirosis was established. Conclusion. Due to activity of natural foci of NFI further monitoring of epidemiologic and epizootologic manifestations of these infections in the Crimea, including using genetic methods of analysis, is necessary for ensuring sanitary-epidemiologic welfare of KFD population.

scholarly journals Results of epizootic monitoring of natural foci of particularly dangerous infections common to humans and animals in Rostov Oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
E. Y. Lukshina ◽  
V. V. Batashev ◽  
E. V. Kovalev ◽  
G. V. Karpushchenko ◽  
V. V. Balakhnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci

Objective: To analyze the results of epizootic monitoring of natural foci of particularly dangerous infections common to humans and animals in Rostov Oblast to establish their activity.Materials and Methods: The data of epizootic monitoring conducted by zoologists; the results of laboratory research of field material obtained in natural foci of infectious diseases. Descriptive, zoological, genetic, serological methods, and retrospective epidemiological analysis were used.Results: The results of the conducted epizootic monitoring showed the presence in Rostov Oblast of natural foci of particularly dangerous infectious diseases common to humans and animals. While the natural focus of the plague is in a depressed state and does not show activity, in the foci of tularemia, West Nile fever (WNF), Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF), ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (ITB), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), Q fever, Batai fever, California serogroups, Syndbis revealed the antigens of these pathogens in biological material obtained from small mammals and blood-sucking insects, which indicates the epizootic activity of these foci. In the natural foci of WNF, CHF, ITB, HFRS, cases of these disease among the population were recorded, which confirms the epidemic activity of these foci.Conclusion: The obtained results of epizootic monitoring over the period from 2008 to 2020 emphasize the relevance and necessity of continuing these studies in natural foci in Rostov Oblast.

scholarly journals PROCUREMENT OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELFARE IN THE REGION OF CITY-RESORT SOCHI FOR DANGEROUS AND NATURAL-FOCI INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN 2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
V. M. Dubyansky ◽  
A. G. Ryazanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents

Aim. Analysis of results of epidemiologic monitoring of especially dangerous, natural-foci and other infectious diseases, as well as epizootologic activity of natural foci of infection on the territory of city-resort Sochi. Materials and methods. Laboratory studies of 820 samples by PCR, immune- and bacteriologic methods were carried out, among those 344 - clinical material, 12 - water from open bodies and 321 - field material. Molecular-genetic identification of 143 strains of Vibrio cholerae, isolated from open water bodies of city-resort Sochi, was carried out. Results. Circulation of causative agents of Q fever, tularemia and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome of Dobrava-Adler genotypes was established, as well as rickettsia of tick spotted fever group. Predomination of rotaviruses (70.9%) was detected during study of samples of clinical material in etiologic structure of sporadically emerging acute intestine infections. Relatively high temperature values of river water during summer months (from 18 to 30°C), exit of sulfide mineral waters into the riverbed, that create alkaline medium, seasonal reduction of river debit and speed of water current facilitated sustenance of contamination of water of Agura river by V. cholerae. Conclusion. Activity of natural foci of the infectious disease and contamination of Agura river by V. cholerae 01 (atoxigenic) gives evidence on the necessity of constant control of epidemiologic situation by dangerous and natural-foci infectious diseases on the territory of city-resort Sochi, as well as study regional features of their causative agents, including using genetic methods.

scholarly journals EPIZOOTOLOGIC MONITORING OF NATURAL-FOCAL INFECTIONS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN 2015

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
E. A. Manin ◽  
D. A. Prislegina ◽  
V. M. Dubyansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The South ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Federal Districts

Aim. Analyze epizootologic manifestations of natural-focal infections (NFI) in the south of Russia in 2015. Materials and methods. Reports provided by administrations of Federal Service of Surveillance for Protection of Consumers Rights and Human Welfare, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Research Institutes for Plague Control and Station for Plague Control were used. Data processing was carried out using Excel program. Results. A total of 37 738 samples of field material were studied, most of those - for tularemia (8268), Crimea hemorrhagic fever (6894) and West Nile fever (4875). Causative agents of 15 nosologic forms of NFI were detected during epizootologic examination of the territory of south of Russia, predominating amount of positive samples was obtained during study of material for tick-borne borreliosis (612), Crimea hemorrhagic fever (279) and tularemia (237). Conclusion. Analysis of epizootologic situation on natural-focal infections in the south of Russia gives evidence on the increase of activity of natural foci of bacterial (tularemia, tick-borne borreliosis), rickettsia (tick-borne spotted fevers) and viral infections (Crimea hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, tick-borne viral encephalitis), and thus problems of prophylaxis of natural-focal infectious diseases and constant monitoring of natural foci in subjects of Southern, North-Caucasian and Crimea federal districts are of particular importance.

scholarly journals Emerging Natural Focal Infectious Diseases in Russia: A Medical–Geographical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8005
Author(s):  
Svetlana Malkhazova ◽  
Polina Pestina ◽  
Anna Prasolova ◽  
Dmitry Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Current Status ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
The North

In Russia, as in other countries, the problem of emerging natural focal infectious diseases (EIDs) became more acute toward the end of the 20th century. However, the situation in Russia is unknown to foreign readers, while the prevention and control of these diseases require international collaboration. The aim of the study is to provide a medical–geographical assessment of the distribution of the main natural focal EIDs in Russia, as well as to present the approaches used in the country to create aggregate maps of risk assessment. To consider its current status, we determined the most important natural focal EIDs for Russia (tick-borne encephalitis, ixodid tick-borne borrelioses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, Astrakhan spotted fever, leptospiroses, and tularemia) and analyzed the patterns of their epidemic manifestation. As a result, a working classification of such infections and a series of maps showing the current situation of EID morbidity in Russia were created. To design an aggregated risk map, we developed an original mapping methodology and recalculated the model disease incidence by taking data from administrative units and adjusting them for natural geographical boundaries (biomes) for European Russia, and then evaluated the risk of infection for separate model diseases and for a set of them. The highest risk rates are confined to the northwest regions of European Russia, the Cis-Urals and the Volga region, which are naturally related to forest biomes, as well as to the southern steppe regions of the interfluves between the Volga and the Don, and the foothills of the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CREATION OF SPECIFIC PREPARATIONS FOR ETIOTROPIC THERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF WEST NILE FEVER AND CRIMEAN HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER

2016 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
V. I. Efremenko ◽  
A. A. Efremenko ◽  
D. V. Efremenko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Problematic issues on creation and practical introduction of specific immune biologic preparations for therapy and prophylaxis of natural-foci arbovirus infections - West Nile fever (WNF) and Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF), that are not available until now, are examined. Persistent natural foci of WNF and CHF with epidemic manifestations have formed in Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts of Russia. Markers of Wfest Nile virus are being detected in central regions of Russia and Siberia, and the presence of fraction of population immune to this infection is also detected. Analysis of literature sources that has been carried out forms a theoretical basis for creation of novel specific preparations for etiotropic therapy and prophylaxis ofWNF and CHF. Use of blood from healthy donors with sufficiently high titers of class G immunoglobulins residing in certain subjects of Russian Federation in natural foci territories with the most intensive epidemic process is possible as raw material.

scholarly journals Results of tick testing for detection of viruses of Karshi, Tamdy, Issyk-Kul fever, Syr Darya valley fever

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Talgat Nurmakhanov ◽  
◽  
Toktasyn Erubaev ◽  
Yerlan Sansyzbaev ◽  
Nurkeldy Turebekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Syr Darya

In Kazakhstan natural foci of Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever is located on the territory of Turkestan, Kyzylorda and Zhambyl regions. Whereas preventive measures are taken, this disease is diagnosed annually among people, but there is a group of viruses such as Karshi, Tamdy, the Issyk-Kul fever virus and Syr Darya valley fever which are less known. In this regard the goal was set to identify the prevalence of viruses of Karshi, Tamdy, Issyk-Kul fever and fever of the Syr Darya valley in hemorrhagic fever endemic in the Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever to determine the main hosts and vectors of infection. Ticks captured in areas natural foci of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. The species composition of captured ticks was represented by 9 species: Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma turanicum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Haemaphysalis sucata, Haemaphysalis punctata, Dermacentor niveus, Rhipicephalus pumilio, Rhipicephalus schulzei. Preliminary work was carried out on the selection and design of oligonucleotide primers for the identification of viruses by molecular genetic analysis. As a result of the studies, positive samples were found for viruses of Tamdy and Syr Darya valley fever in ticks H. asiaticum, H. scupense from the Turkestan region. The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus was detected in H. asiaticum and H. scupense ticks from Zhambyl and Turkestan regions.

scholarly journals Combined Natural Foci of Bacterial, Rickettsial and Viral Infectious Diseases in the North-West Precaspian Region

2010 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
E. V. Kouklev ◽  
V. P. Toporkov ◽  
A. K. Adamov ◽  
S. A. Scherbakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Foci

Presence of combined natural foci of plague, tularemia, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, West-Nile encephalitis, Astrakhan spotted fever in the North-West Precaspian region was substantiated. Influence of anthropogenic and climatic conditions in formation of combined natural foci of infectious diseases of bacterial, rickettsial and viral etiology was pointed out. Up-to-date potential epidemic danger of the territories under consideration was evaluated.

Current Status of the Natural Foci of Tick-Borne Diseases in the Stavropol Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
NF Vasilenko ◽  
DA Prislegina ◽  
EA Manin ◽  
LI Shaposhnikova ◽  
UM Ashibokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Tick Abundance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Stavropol Region

Background: Tick-borne diseases are a serious threat to the epidemiological safety of the population of the Stavropol Region, making up more than 70 per cent of all natural focal infectious diseases registered in this territory annually. A wide range of hosts contributes to high tick abundance, diversity of tick-borne pathogens, and maintenance of the natural foci. Objective: To assess the activity of natural foci of tick-borne infections in the Stavropol Region in 2016–2020. Materials and methods: We used notifications submitted by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol Region to the Scientific and Methodological Center for Monitoring the Pathogens of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Pathogenicity Groups II–IV for the subjects of the North Caucasian and Southern Federal Districts and the results of an epizootological survey of the Stavropol territory by specialists of the Stavropol Plague Control Research Institute. Markers of the causative agents of tick-borne diseases were detected by ELISA and PCR methods. Data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: Active natural foci of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, a group of tick-borne spotted fevers, Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and human monocytic ehrlichiosis were established in the region in 2016–2020. Human cases of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lyme borreliosis and Q fever were also registered annually. The abundance of infected ticks in resort towns of the Caucasian Mineral Waters is of particular concern. Conclusion: We established up-to-date epizootic and epidemic manifestations of tick-borne infections in the Stavropol Region in the modern period, which are an important link in epidemiological surveillance and the basis for improving preventive measures

The Problem of Natural Focal Infectious Diseases in the Volgograd Region: A State-of-the-Art Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
VP Smelyansky ◽  
KV Zhukov ◽  
NV Borodai ◽  
DN Nikitin ◽  
MN Taratutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Volgograd Region

Introduction: The importance of the problem of natural focal infections (NFIs) in the world is associated with their wide spread and a severe clinical course. The Volgograd Region, which is part of the Southern Federal District, is endemic for a whole number of NFIs. Regional epizootic and epidemic manifestations in foci of plague, tularemia, Q fever, ixodes tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), Crimean – Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and West Nile fever (WNV) have been of varying degrees of activity over a long period of time. Objective: To study the features of epidemic and epizootic manifestations of natural focal diseases (plague, tularemia, Lyme disease, HFRS, WNV, CCHF, Q fever) in the territory of the Volgograd Region. Materials and methods: We analyzed the results of epizootologic and epidemiologic surveillance carried out in natural foci of contagious diseases in the Volgograd Region over the past decade, including data on the incidence of NFIs and the results of laboratory testing of zoological and entomological assays. We did an epidemiologic analysis of the ten-year rate, structure and changes in the incidence of natural focal diseases in the population of the Volgograd Region. Electronic databases were developed and analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft, USA). Results and discussion: We established that over the past decade, the number of endemic areas in the Volgograd Region has risen from 18 to 25 for СCHF and from 5 to 11 for Lyme disease. At present, all regional districts are endemic for tularemia, WNV, HFRS, and Q fever, 25 districts – for CCHF, and 11 – for Lyme disease. We observed a general promising tendency towards a decrease in incidence rates for all nosological forms. At the same time, the incidence of Q fever and Lyme disease remains low while that of HFRS and СCHF is somewhat higher. The West Nile fever, epidemic manifestations of which have been registered since 1999, is the main challenge in terms of NFIs in the Volgograd Region today.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF PCR FOR SURVEILLANCE OF NATURAL FOCI OF ESPECIAL DANGEROUS PATHOGENS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Semenyshyn ◽  
O Velychko ◽  
L Vasiunets ◽  
L Hatsiy ◽  
I Kulish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Positive Results

Objective: Study the advantages of using the PCR method for monitoring of natural foci within the EDP surveillance system.Introduction: Natural foci of especially dangerous pathogens (EDP) (tularemia, leptospirosis, anthrax, tick-borne infections) are known in Lviv oblast for more than 50 years. An integral part of the epidemiological surveillance of these infections is the monitoring of environmental objects that can detect the circulation of pathogens in natural biotopes. Identification and studying of the activity of natural foci of EDP in the territory of Lviv oblast in previous years was conducted using classical laboratory and epidemiological methodsMethods:Since 2015 in the EDP laboratory are conducted investigations of field materials (mouse-like rodents, ixodic ticks, gray rats, surface water bodies, wild birds dungs, soil) during the monitoring process of the EDP natural foci. From 2015 to 2017 samples of field materials were investigated in order to identify specific DNA regions of causative agents of tularemia, anthrax, leptospirosis, Q-fever, Lyme borreliosis, etc., using the «Primer designTM genesig», «GENEKAM Biotechnology AG», «MO BIO Laboratories, Inc», «Analytic Jena AG» kits, which were provided within the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP), and «Amplisens» kits. During this period samples were analyzed from 299 mouse-like rodents, 7325 ixodic ticks, 128 open water reservoirs, 51 wild birds dung, 92 soil samples and 17 gray rats.In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used. For immunoserological monitoring selected serum samples of 80 people living in enzootic territories were used. Currently, 40 human samples were investigated for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies using the “Serion ELISA classic Francisella tularensis IgG/IgM".Results:According to the results of the research that was conducted in previous years it was revealed that in the territory of Lviv oblast there are stable natural foci of tularemia, leptospirosis, tick-borne infections (Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis) present. The main reservoirs of pathogens are 5-6 species of small mouse-like rodents and gray rats who are carriers of two dominant species of ixodic ticks. Live cultures of tularemia and leptospirosis were isolated from these types of reservoirs and carriers and positive results of immunoserological analysis were found. Tularemia antigen was detected in 29.2% of ticks samples (D. reticulatus mainly), causative agents of Lyme borreliosis D. reticulatus was detected in 17.3% of ticks and I.ricinusin was present in 8.0% of ticks. During the serological investigation of mouse-like rodents antibodies against F.tularensis were detected in 6.5% of samples, antibodies against leptospira in 6.7%, and antibodies against borrelia from 14.6% to 27.7%.During the monitoring period of burial places of animals killed from anthrax on the territory of the oblast where classical laboratory methods were used, B.anthracis was not detected. However, due to the ability of the pathogen to maintain its pathogenic properties for a long time, monitoring of such areas will be relevant in the future.According to analysis of mouse-like rodents, ticks, samples of surface water bodies, wild birds dung, soil and gray rats were received 3.18% positive samples that confirmed the presence of F.tularensis, 9.74% positive samples of pathogenic Leptospira spp, 20.75% positive samples of B. burgdorferi s.l.. Results of DNA detection of tularemia, leptospirosis and Lyme borreliosis were obtained on already known enzootic territories as well as on new ones. During the investigation of soil samples collected from burial places of animals, DNA of B.anthracis were not detected. Also, results of PCR-tested samples of ticks and rodents were negative and did not confirm the presence of C. burnetii. Based on data received from PCR analysis, anti-epidemic measures were carried out in places where positive results were found: additional acaricidal treatment of areas of ticks breeding, deratization measures and educational work with the population. The investigation of 40 serum samples collected from people living in the enzootic territory gave negative results, but the work continues.Conclusions:PCR methodology provides a possibility to monitor the natural foci of EDP at a fundamentally new level. Its requires less time for getting results if compared to classical methods, the level of biorisks during the work is lower, and it is possible to conduct samples at the same time to detect several pathogens.

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