Studies on Subclinical Mastitis in Sirohi Goats in Southern Rajasthan with Reference to Prevalence and Diagnostic Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
Hitesh K. Meena ◽  
Joshi Monika
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diagnostic Aspects ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Mastitis is an economically important disease in goats. In the present study, a total of 100 quarter milk samples were collected from 50 apparently healthy Sirohi Goats in Udaipur district. The culture examination of these samples revealed the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Sirohi goats as 26 (26/100) % and 34 (17/50) % on udder quarter basis and animal basis, respectively. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in 3rd lactation (50 %). Among the different isolates, staphylococci were found as most prevalent organism accounting for 37.50 (12/32) %, followed by streptococci 28.12 (9/32) %, E. coli 18.75 (6/32) %, bacilli 9.37 (3/32) % and Corynebacterium spp. 6.25 (2/32) %. The threshold values of modified California mastitis test, total somatic cell count and electrical conductivity in subclinical mastitic milk samples were observed to be +1, 1.0 million cells/ml of milk and 6.0 mS/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Genetic tools and techniques for fish improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gopikrishna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Mastitis is an economically important disease in goats. In the present study, a total of 100 quarter milk samples were collected from 50 apparently healthy Sirohi Goats in Udaipur district. The culture examination of these samples revealed the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Sirohi goats as 26 (26/100) % and 34 (17/50) % on udder quarter basis and animal basis, respectively. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in 3rd lactation (50 %). Among the different isolates, staphylococci were found as most prevalent organism accounting for 37.50 (12/32) %, followed by streptococci 28.12 (9/32) %, E. coli 18.75 (6/32) %, bacilli 9.37 (3/32) % and Corynebacterium spp. 6.25 (2/32) %. The threshold values of modified California mastitis test, total somatic cell count and electrical conductivity in subclinical mastitic milk samples were observed to be +1, 1.0 million cells/ml of milk and 6.0 mS/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Leyla HADEF ◽  
Hebib AGGAD ◽  
Brahim HAMAD ◽  
Mohamed Said MAHMOUD ◽  
Aicha ADAIKA
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Indirect Tests ◽  
Reliable Diagnostic Method

The aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72.61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p < 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC > CMT > EC > pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions.

A COMPARISON OF MASTITIS DETECTION METHODS IN DAIRY CATTLE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

The potential value of electrical conductivity, somatic cell count, and California Mastitis Test (CMT) Score in composite milk samples as a screening test for subclinical mastitis was evaluated. The effect of genetic group was significant (P < 0.05) for conductivity and somatic cell count while the effects of parity and month of lactation were significant (P < 0.01) for all the three traits studied. Somatic cell count and CMT score increased from first to fourth parity while there was general trend for increasing conductivity from second to fourth parity. All the three methods identified healthy cows with a good accuracy but failed to recognize a considerable proportion of infected cows. The error rate for misclassification was lowest for CMT score (9.1%), followed by somatic cell count (13.9%) and conductivity (29.4%). Composite strict foremilk samples from cows infected with primary pathogens had significantly (P < 0.01) higher conductivity than those from uninfected cows. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 60% of the milk samples and appeared to be in the major organism causing mastitis in this herd. Key words: Dairy cattle, mastitis detection methods

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in northern regions of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIA Begum ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk

A cross sectional study was carried out from June, 2008 to December, 2010 to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to determine the responsible bacterial pathogens in lactating dairy goats in northern districts of Bangladesh. A total of 292 goats and 584 udder halves milk samples were screened using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was 56.2% (164/292), and in udder half level it was 33.9% (198/584). The subclinical mastitis prevalence at goat level was high (71.6%) in Jamnapari goats as compared to Black Bengal goats (50.2%), whereas at the udder half level, subclinical mastitis prevalence was 45.1% and 29.6% in Jamnapari and Black Bengal goats, respectively. The pathogens isolated from subclinical mastitic milk samples were coagulase negative Staphylococci, Coliforms, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Among these, the most frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococci (28.8%), Coliforms (22.7%) and Streptococcus spp (15.2%). Out of four potential host related risk factors considered, litter size and body condition of goats were found to influence the prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis in goat significantly (p< 0.05). On the other hand, the subclinical mastitis was very significantly (p=0.0001) associated with the housing system of goats, i.e., goats reared in raised floor had a low subclinical mastitis infection rate (35.8%) as compared to reared in earth floor (62.2%). Antibiogram studies were also performed for the bacterial isolates and Gentamicin was found to be the most effective drug.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 112-122, Jan-Dec 2012

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes isolated from mastitic milk and humans in El-Behira, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Diab ◽  
Nermin A. Ibrahim ◽  
Yasser F. Elnaker ◽  
Sherif A. Zidan ◽  
Marwa A. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Background and Aim: Milk is a chief source of many nutrients. However, we must also bear in mind that it is a potential source for many cases of food poisoning. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cow mastitis and evaluate the presence of enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance patterns in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and contact humans in El-Behira Province, Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 680 milk samples from 170 cows and 86 human samples consisting of 43 hand swabs and 43 nasal swabs were analyzed. The milk samples were subjected to the California mastitis test. Results: The general occurrence was 23.1% (157/680) where 48 quarters had clinical mastitis and 109 had subclinical mastitis. Subsequently, S. aureus was isolated in Baird-Parker agar where typical and atypical colonies were selected and submitted to coagulase and complementary tests. Out of 48 samples of mastitic milk studied, 16 (33.3%) showed contamination by S. aureus whereas 109 samples of subclinical mastitis showed contamination in only 18 (16.5%). On the opposite hand, of the 86 human samples, 33 revealed S. aureus contamination, corresponding to 38.37% of the samples. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc and the staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea, seb, sec, sed, and see were performed after culture, revealing that 88.2% (30/34) of milk samples and 93.9% (31/33) of human samples were variably positive to those genes. Conclusion: The use of nuc gene based PCR is an accurate and rapid method for S aureus isolates detection. A high prevalence of multiple drug-resistant isolates of S. aureus recovered from both human and milk represents further evidence for possible veterinary hazards as well as public hazards, especially to those that consume milk from this region.

scholarly journals The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Kenya

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Ndegwa ◽  
C.M. Mulei ◽  
S.J.M. Munyua
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Apparently Healthy

California mastitis test (CMT), direct leukocytes counts and bacteriological examination were performed on 630 milk samples from apparently healthy mammary glands of dairy goats comprising a mixed population of German Alpine, Toggenberg, Saanen and Galla crosses to find the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 9.8 %according to CMT, 9.7 %according to direct leukocyte counts and 28.7 %by bacterial isolation during a 3-month period. The proportion of the bacteriologically positive milk samples was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that positive for CMTand direct leukocyte counts. There was a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between CMT and direct leukocyte counts. There was no significant direct relationship between bacterial isolation and CMT. Bacterial organisms were isolated in 22.5 % of the 568 CMT-negative milk samples. The results suggest that bacterial organisms isolated from the CMT-negative milk samples were either latent infections or did not stimulate any significant increase in somatic cell counts that could be detected by either the CMT or direct leukocyte counts. The observations of this study indicate that the mere presence of bacteria in goat's milk does not mean that the udder is infected and so does not warrant antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS, ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN CATTLE IN MULTAN, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
T. Ahmad ◽  
M. Kashif ◽  
E. Ahmad ◽  
M. Nadeem ◽  
M. Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Teat Dipping

Mastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease of dairy sector worldwide. The present research was, therefore intended to establish the prevalence of mastitis in and around the Multan district. A total of 100 dairy cows were randomly sampled during the period from July 2018 to October 2018 from different local dairy farms at Multan. After screening with California Mastitis Test, milk samples from mastitic animals were cultured and subjected to microbiological examination.The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows was 38% and quarter-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 36.20%.. Mastitis in front left quarters was 34.40%, right front quarters 31.60%, while left rare quarters 41% and right rear quarters 38%. Bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterococci, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas were isolated from infected samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the top-ranking isolated bacteria followed by Strept. Agalactiae and E. coli. The lack of proper milking techniques and no teat dipping were the most significantly associated risk factors. In the current study, E. coli isolates were sensitive to Gentamycine, Streptomycin, Chlororamphenicol and Kanamycin while resistant to Vancomycin and Penicillin. Similarly, S. aureus was extremely susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Kanamycin but resistant to Tetracycline and Penicillin. It was concluded that subclinical mastitis was widely prevalent in Multan city. This study will help the farmers to adopt effective measures to control mastitis regarding the risk factors.

Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in some Dairy Cattle Farms in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
A AbdelKhalek ◽  
M El-sherbini ◽  
S Alanzi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A survey to prevalence of subclincal mastitis (SCM) in some dairy cattle farms in state of Kuwait was carried out. 200 quarter milk samples from apparently healthy dairy cows. 200 quarter milk samples from apparently healthy dairy cows at Kuwait were investigated for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT), Somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological isolation. The results revealed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 45 % and bacterial culture was positive in 37.5%. SCC was assessed in 200 milk samples, the minimum and maximum SCC was 0.12 x 105 cell/ ml and 4.75 x 105 cell/ ml with the mean of 1.7±18.11 x 105 cell/ ml. The cultural examinations to determine subclinical mastitis causative agents revealed that the isolated bacterial strains in examined milk samples of cows were Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus agalactia, E. coli and Pseudomanas aeruginosa with distribution of 37.6%, 20.5%, 19.4% and 3.2%, respectively as single infection from total 93 isolated bacterial strains. Meantime, there were mixed infection of (Staphyloccocus aureus + E. coli); (Streptococcus agalactia + E. coli) and (Staphyloccocus aureus + Pseudomanas aeruginosa) with the recovery rates of distribution of 8.6%, 9.7%, and 1%, respectively. Antibiogram profile of some representative field strains of Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus agalactia, E. col and Pseudomanas aeruginosa isolated from subclinical mastitis cases to 11 different antibiotics. It revealed that all Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus agalactia E. coli and Pseudomanas aeruginosa isolates were highly sensitive to enrofloxacillin, and Cloxacillin. However, it showed variable sensitivity degrees to other tested antibiotics. It could be concluded that subclinical mastitis constitutes a major economic and healthy problem for dairy herd in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in sheep: Causes and their sensitivity to antibiotics

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-241
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vakanjac ◽  
Igor Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans

The California mastitis test (CMT) was used to examine the milk of 6609 sheep, actually, from 13218 mammary complexes. A total of 986 milk samples were found to contain an increased number of somatic cells, and causes of mastitis were isolated from 910 (92.3%) of these samples. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were: E. coli isolated from 189 (20.76%) samples, Micrococcus sp from 186 (20.43%) samples, Bacillus sp. from 177 (19.45%), Staphylococcus aureus from 172 (18.9%) samples, and Proteus sp. from 121 (13.29%) samples of sheep milk. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated in a much smaller number, from 25 (2.74%) samples, Streptococcus sp. was isolated from 19 (2.08%) samples, Pseudomonas sp. from 14 (1.53%) samples, haemolytic E. coli was isolated from only 6 (0.65%) samples, and Streptococcus agalactiae from only one sample. Among the 25 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 16 (64%) isolates were identified as Staphylococcus chromogenes, and 9 (36%) isolates as Staphylococcus simulans. The sensitivity of the isolated causes of mastitis to antibiotics was examined using the disc diffusion method. .

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in cattle in Algeria: Frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhwane Saidi ◽  
Djamel Khelef ◽  
Rachid Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cattle in eighteen herds in the center region of Algeria. Milk samples were collected from 560 quarters of 140 cows free of clinical mastitis. The samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the positive samples were analysed by bacteriological culture and Speed ​​Mam® Color. The overall quarter prevalence was 28.77% whilst animal prevalence was 28.57%.Bacteriological analysis showed that there was a wide range of bacteria that cause these infections. Staphylococcus aureus (40%) was found to be the most prevalent organism followed by Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Enterobacteriaceae (2.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%), Staphylococcusaureus + Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Streptococcus spp.+ Escherichia coli (7.5%), S. aureus + Mycoplasma spp.(7.5%), and S. aureus +Streptococcus spp.+ E. coli (5%).

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