scholarly journals Efficiency of Different Estrus Synchronization Protocols in Surti Goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
CP Parmar ◽  
AJ Dhami ◽  
JA Patel ◽  
VP Belsare
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
Estrus Response

A total of 54-adult non-pregnant Surti goats were selected and randomly divided into three equal groups (n=18 each). Two groups were put under estrus synchronization protocols, viz., Double PGF2α protocol (Inj. Dinoprost 12.5 mg, i/m, 11 days apart with natural breeding from 72-144 hours of second PG inj.) and NC Synch protocol (PG 12.5 mg - GnRH 0.004 mg - PG 12.5 mg - GnRH 0.004 mg on days 0, 8, 15 and 18, respectively with natural breeding during 19-21 days) using standard management practices and 3rd group was kept as untreated control. All the goats were dewormed before initiation of treatment. The estrus response (100% each), duration of estrus, pregnancy rate at 60 days post-breeding (55.55 vs. 44.44 and 55.55 %), and kidding rate (100% each) were statistically same in control and synchronized goats. However, twins were in almost 50% of kidding under the NC Synch group compared to 25% in Double PG protocol and 40% in the control group, with almost 100% kid survival till weaning. Thus, NC Synch Protocol was better in terms of pregnancy rate (55 vs. 44%) and fecundity (1.5 vs. 1.0) over double PGF2α protocol, and even untreated control goats.

scholarly journals Inbreeding Depression and Alternative Solution in Buffaloes

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lisa Praharani ◽  
Riasari Gail Sianturi ◽  
Chalid Talib
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Natural Breeding

Buff and dairy buffaloes have an important role in farming system to produce meat, milk, and fertilizer. Their productivity and population have been decreasing due to several reasons such as inbreeding depression and lack of sires. This paper presents alternative efforts to improve genetics of buffaloes through outbreeding fascilitated by artificial insemination (AI) and estrus synchronization to decrease inbreeding rates. Effort to reduce inbreeding depression is conducted by introducing new buffalo genes from distant populations known as outbreeding. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production has initiated an outbreeding program in buffalo through AI. The pregnancy rate varies between 40-80% using estrus synchronization with prostaglandin and fixed time AI. Outbred offsprings have higher growth performance and selling price than offsprings of natural breeding. The outbreeding program through AI in buffaloes need to be carried out sustainability to increase availability of qualified breeding stocks.

scholarly journals ESTRUS RESPONSE HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COW PERANAKAN WHO INJECTED PROSTAGLANDIN IN INTRAMUSCULAR AND INTRAUTERINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Lilik Bawa Nuryanto ◽  
Ristika Handarini ◽  
Yanyan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
Estrus Response ◽  
Rectal Palpation

This study was aimed to compare the different responses of cattle estrus and pregnancy rate FH (Friesian Holsein) were injected with the prostaglandin hormone by intramuscular and intra-uterine. This study was used 20 cows FH on condition of normal reproductive function, not in a state of pregnant (confirmed by rectal palpation), visually not fat and not skinny, not reproductive disease, normal estrous cycles. Cows were divided into two treatment, P1: estrus synchronization by intra muscular (IM), P2: estrus synchronization by  intrauterine (IU). Data were analyzed by T test, to compare the differences between the two treatments with SPSS device. The results showed that the synchronization of pregnancy by using intrauterine more efisien. The conclusion of this research PGF2α hormone injections by intrauterinehas atendency response   higher than by intra muscular injection method.               Keyword : Non Return Rate, Service Per Conception, Conception Rate.

Effects of Synchro-Mate B and prostaglandin F2α on estrus synchronization and fertility in beef cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Twagiramungu ◽  
J. J. Dufour ◽  
L. A. Guilbault ◽  
J. Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estrus Response

The efficiency and precision of estrus synchronization and fertility were evaluated after prostaglandin F2α (PGF) treatment with or without pretreatment with Synchro-Mate B (SMB) in beef cattle. In the treatment group (SMB-PGF, n = 109), postpartum suckled (n = 53), and nonsuckled (n = 32) cows and virgin heifers (n = 24) received SMB for 9 d and PGF 72 h before implant withdrawal. In the control group (Control, n = 111), postpartum suckled (n = 51), and nonsuckled (n = 36) cows and virgin heifers (n = 24) were observed for estrus and bred at spontaneous estrus over a 6-d period. Those not detected in estrus were then injected with PGF and bred at induced estrus over an additional 6-d period. Synchronization rate at induced estrus was higher (95.4 vs. 84.2%, P < 0.01) and time interval from induction to onset of estrus was shorter (37.0 ± 2.1 h vs. 56.7 ± 2.8 h, P < 0.01) in the SMB-PGF group than after PGF in the Control group. Whether the time around the mean interval to estrus (precision) was ± 6, ± 12, ± 18 or ± 24 h, the synchronization rate was always higher (P < 0.01) in the SMB-PGF than in the Control group. Heifers and cows in both groups had similar estrus synchronization rates and mean intervals to estrus. Suckled and nonsuckled cows behaved similarly in their estrus response within the SMB-PGF group but not in the Control group. Our results indicate that administration of PGF 72 h before SMB implant withdrawal could be a very efficient and precise synchronization method without a negative effect on fertility in beef cattle. Key words: Estrus synchronization, beef cattle, Synchro-Mate B, prostaglandin F2α

Case Study: On-farm Demonstration for the Impact of Applied Reproductive Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Courtnie L Carter ◽  
Justin D Rhinehart
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Extension Educators ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Demonstrating the implementation of, and results from, applied management technologies on privately held farms is an essential method for Extension educators. A commercial cow/calf herd, for which the management was being transitioned to a younger family member, was used for this multi-year demonstration. Beginning summer 2019, the cow herd was inventoried and evaluated, and a plan was put in place to improve profitability through enhanced reproductive management. Initial evaluation showed an overall pregnancy rate of 75.6% with a 153 d calving season for cows and breeding age heifers (n = 209). Non-pregnant and un-sound cattle were sold (n = 56). The average initial BCS was a 4.5 (1 to 9 scale). Estrus synchronization for natural service was utilized in the first breeding season (Fall 2019) to condense the subsequent calving season. Melengestrol acetate (MGA) was fed at a rate of 0.5 mg/head/d for 7 d and bulls introduced on he last day MGA was fed. Also in year 1, timed artificial Insemination was used to breed purchased (n = 37) and home raised (n = 18) replacement heifers. A group of pregnant cows ranging in age from 5 to 8 years (n = 47) were also purchased in year 1. Ultrasonography was used to detect pregnancy and estimate calving date on 30 d post AI, and 30 d post bull removal. Year 2 pregnancy rate was 93% for heifers and 88% for cows with a 131 d estimated calving interval for all cows and heifers (n = 255), with 94% expected to calve in the first 90 days. In summary, while it is difficult to eliminate year-over-year variables, a combination of culling strategy and estrus synchronization for both natural service and AI resulted in an increased proportion of cows and heifers calving earlier in the calving season, which is expected to improve marketing potential and profitability of the resulting calf crop. Condensing the calving interval provides opportunity to introduce additional reproductive management practices. Results from this demonstration will be incorporated into Extension educational curricula.

Experience of using time-lapse microscopy in IVF and ICSI programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Saraeva ◽  
N. V. Spiridonova ◽  
M. T. Tugushev ◽  
O. V. Shurygina ◽  
A. I. Sinitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Single Embryo Transfer ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Lapse Microscopy

In order to increase the pregnancy rate in the assisted reproductive technology, the selection of one embryo with the highest implantation potential it is very important. Time-lapse microscopy (TLM) is a tool for selecting quality embryos for transfer. This study aimed to assess the benefits of single-embryo transfer of autologous oocytes performed on day 5 of embryo incubation in a TLM-equipped system in IVF and ICSI programs. Single-embryo transfer following incubation in a TLM-equipped incubator was performed in 282 patients, who formed the main group; the control group consisted of 461 patients undergoing single-embryo transfer following a traditional culture and embryo selection procedure. We assessed the quality of transferred embryos, the rates of clinical pregnancy and delivery. The groups did not differ in the ratio of IVF and ICSI cycles, average age, and infertility factor. The proportion of excellent quality embryos for transfer was 77.0% in the main group and 65.1% in the control group (p = 0.001). In the subgroup with receiving eight and less oocytes we noted the tendency of receiving more quality embryos in the main group (р = 0.052). In the subgroup of nine and more oocytes the quality of the transferred embryos did not differ between two groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 60.2% in the main group and 52.9% in the control group (p = 0.057). The delivery rate was 45.0% in the main group and 39.9% in the control group (p > 0.050).

scholarly journals 142 Evaluation of estrus detection patches as a tool to classify postpartum beef cows as estrous cycling or anestrous prior to the start of the breeding season

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Emily G Smith ◽  
Rachael C Bonacker ◽  
Carson M Andersen ◽  
Jordan M Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
Type Ii Errors ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Abstract Estrus detection patches were evaluated as a tool to classify postpartum cows as estrous cycling or anestrous at the start of the breeding season. EstrotectTM Breeding Indicators were applied to 257 postpartum beef cows in three locations 25 days prior to the start of estrus synchronization. Coincident with the start of estrus synchronization, patches were scored using a 1 to 4 scale (1 = 0–25%; 2 = 25–50%; 3 = 50–75%; 4 = 75–100%) with scores of 3 or 4 considered activated. Blood samples were collected from each cow 10 days prior to, and at the start of the estrus synchronization. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined via radioimmunoassay; cows were considered estrous cycling if one or both samples exceeded a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml. Based on progesterone, 54.9% of cows were estrous cycling at the start of estrus synchronization. When missing patches were considered inconclusive results, use of patches to infer estrous cyclicity resulted in 85.0% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity with a positive predictive value of 87.2%. However, 75.1% of all cows presented with missing patches at the start of synchronization. If missing patches were considered activated, sensitivity was 95.7%, but specificity (16.4%) and PPV (58.2%) were poor, as 47.6% of cows presenting with missing patches were anestrous based on progesterone. Across all cows, pregnancy rate to AI was 58.0% (149/257). Cows with activated patches that were classified as false positives based on serum progesterone concentrations achieved a 71.4% (5/7) pregnancy rate to AI, raising questions as to whether sensitivity was underestimated due to inherent Type II errors in classification of cyclicity via progesterone. In summary, estrus detection aids are a sensitive tool to identify estrous cycling postpartum cows prior to the start of the breeding season; however, poor specificity and patch retention are limitations for this application.

scholarly journals Influence of Flower Thrips on Fusarium Hardlock Severity

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Mailhot ◽  
J. J. Marois ◽  
D. L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Field Plots

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber is sometimes affected by hardlock, which is characterized by a failure of the fiber to expand outward from the boll at maturity. Because affected fiber is inaccessible to mechanical harvesters, yield loss can be considerable. Hardlock has been linked to infection by Fusarium verticillioides. The involvement of flower thrips (Frankliniella spp.), which are commonly found in cotton flowers, was explored. At 1100 h, approximately 10% of cotton flowers contained thrips that were carrying F. verticillioides. The effect of thrips and/or Fusarium in flowers and bolls was explored under greenhouse conditions. Exposing flowers to Fusarium and thrips resulted in bolls with the most severe symptoms. Exposure to either Fusarium or thrips alone resulted in more hardlock than was noted in the control group. The impact of thrips was also evaluated under field conditions. Field plots were treated with insecticides, a fungicide, both, or left untreated. Insecticides reduced thrips numbers and reduced hardlock severity. The fungicide had no impact on thrips numbers and was less effective at reducing hardlock. Combining insecticide and fungicide applications was no more effective than using insecticides alone, although it more frequently increased yield. The untreated control plots generally had the most severe hardlock and lowest yields. Reducing hardlock severity resulted in higher yields, although not consistently. These studies suggest that thrips increase the severity of hardlock, and reducing their numbers may diminish hardlock severity.

O-024 Endoscopic management of the unexplained infertility, what does it add?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gordts
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Unexplained Infertility ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Infertile Patient ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Spontaneous Pregnancy ◽  
Visualization Techniques

Abstract text Endoscopic management of the unexplained infertility, what does it add? Stephan Gordts [email protected] Unexplained infertility “strictu sensu” is not a diagnosis, but a description of a status where no causal factor is identified in a couple trying to conceive for at least one year. The more parameters are assessed, the more likely to identify an etiology, the less likely becomes “unexplained” infertility. Limiting the fertility exploration to indirect visualization techniques like ultrasound, HSG or HycoSy involves the risk of missing existing pathologies. Uterus Uterine volumetric abnormalities can be detected by indirect techniques, but information is lacking on the visualization of the endometrium in case of chronic endometritis and the presence of endometrial defects and hypervascularization areas as seen in patients with adenomyosis. Tubo-ovarian Even with the increased accuracy of indirect visualization techniques, lesions of minimal endometriosis and tubo-ovarian adhesions are not detected (Table). Tubal normality constitutes not only normal tubal patency but also normal tubal function. The importance of subtle tubal lesions is underestimated. Hydatid of Morgagni are detected in 38.1% in patients with infertility versus only in 16,7% in fertile women (Gupta et al. JMIG 2017).Removal of these lesions resulted in a spontaneous pregnancy rate of 58.7% versus 20.6 in the non-treated group (Rasheed et al. EJOG Repr. 2011). Endometriosis In a series of 107 patients with unexplained infertility and 3 failed IVF cycles (Agni Pantou et al. J. Clin. Med. 2019)laparoscopy revealed the presence of endometriosis in 57.97%, peri-adnexal adhesions in 23.3% and was normal in 18.69%. Also, in a group of patients with 3 failed IVF cycles and unexplained infertility (Xiaoming Yu et al.Medicine 2019) laparoscopy showed endometriosis in 57.7%, tubal abnormalities in 31.1% and adhesions in 33.3%. Laparoscopic correction of these pathologies did not only result in a spontaneous pregnancy rate of 35% but resulted also in a higher pregnancy rate after IVF compared to the non-treated control group. Unexplained infertility hides frequently undiagnosed endometriosis. Endometrial BCL6 levels, a proto-oncogene where overexpression is associated with increased cellular proliferation and progesterone resistance, are increased in patients with endometriosis. In case of elevated BCL6 in patients with unexplained infertility, laparoscopy confirmed the presence of endometriosis in 93.8% (Evans-Hoeker et al. 2016). Abnormal BCL6 expression in a population with unexplained infertility reduced the chance of having a successful IVF treatment in 74% of the population (Almquist et al. Fertil Steril 2017). Transvaginal Hydro Laparoscopy Direct endoscopic visualization remains important but due to the invasiveness, diagnostic standard laparoscopy is frequently postponed or omitted in the exploration of the infertile patient. The technique of transvaginal hydro-laparoscopy allows in a minimal invasive way the inspection of the pelvis. In a consecutive series of 2288 patients without obvious pelvic pathology, findings were normal in 49.3%, endometriosis was diagnosed in 15.9% and tubal pathology in 14.5% of the patients (Gordts et al. FVV 2021). The rate of failed access was 1% and the complication rate 0.74%. Causing a minimal ovarian trauma, treatment of these early endometriotic lesions resulted in a spontaneous pregnancy rate of 73.2%. Conclusion The inappropriate use of “unexplained infertility” by omitting the diagnostic endoscopy in the exploration of the infertile patient, can hide undiagnosed and treatable pathology, jeopardizing possibilities for patients for a spontaneous conception and can be responsible for reduced pregnancy rates after IVF.

scholarly journals Effect of Parenteral Vaccination of Newborn Holstein Calves against Viral Agents Involved in Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviani Gomes ◽  
Diego Daniel Gonzalez ◽  
Karina Medici Madureira ◽  
Marina Valeria Mozgovoj ◽  
Camila Costa Baccili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Unvaccinated Control ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Newborn Calves

Background: Newborn calves are born immunosuppressed, hypogammaglobulinemic, immunologically immature, and therefore more vulnerable to many infectious diseases. During pregnancy, the fetal-placental environment is regulated by Th2-type cytokines that neutralize Th1 responses, an important factor for immune defense against viral agents. The ingestion and absorption of colostral immunoglobulins enhance the immunity of the neonate. However, the presence of maternal antibodies might negatively affect the success of parental vaccination in the first two months of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effecacy of parenteral vaccination in newborn calves with high titers of maternal antibodies against respiratory viruses.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-eight Holstein calves were allocated to the vaccinated group (VAC, n = 18) or an unvaccinated control group (NVAC, n = 10). The initial vaccination with 5 mL of a commercial vaccine occurred around the 14th day of life (D14) and the booster at D35. Respiratory and diarrhea symptoms were evaluated at D12, D14, D16, D20, D31, D36, D45, D53, and D60. Blood samples were taken for leukogram, haptoglobin, and seroneutralization of BVDV, BoHV-1, BRSV, and BPI3V, at the time of vaccination at D14 (T1), at booster (D35, T2), and 21 days after the booster (D56, T3). Despite the increased prevalence of BRD during the period of the study, no calves from either group exhibited respiratory disease at D12 or D14. In subsequent assessments, the frequency of BRD increased over time in the VAC group until it reached a maximum prevalence of 38.9% (7/18) at D31. In the NVAC group, the maximum prevalence observed was 40% at D45 and D60. A comparison of the frequencies for BRD cases showed a statistical trend at D36 (P = 0.07), with a higher prevalence for the NVAC group (30%) in relation to the VAC group (5.6%). For the NVAC group, a greater number of total leukocytes was observed at T3 (P = 0.038) and granulocytes (trend) at T2 (P = 0.066). Time analysis demonstrated a decrease in haptoglobin concentration in both groups (NVAC, P = 0.005 and VAC, P = 0.006), with a reduction in the values at T1 and T3 (NVAC = 0.005 and VAC = 0.024). Antibody titers were similar between groups for BVDV, BoHV-1, and BRSV. Higher titers for BPI3V were observed for the VAC group at D56 (P = 0.045).Discussion: The early-onset BRD was present in both groups between 30 and 60 days of age, based on the higher prevalence observed. These data reinforce the importance of early immunization programmes before infection. Factors such as management practices and facilities may have also contributed to the higher prevalence of BRD. The increased number of leukocytes and neutrophils at T2 (D35) and T3 (D56) in the NVAC group points to a stronger inflammatory response to various types of potential challenges. The inflammatory leukocyte profile explains the higher haptoglobin values observed in the NVAC group at T2 (D35). The similarity of titers of antibodies against BVDV, BoHV-1, and BRSV between groups may indicate that vaccinating the calves at 14 days of age did not induce a humoral immune response to these viruses, likely due to interference from the maternal antibodies. Early vaccination prevented a drop in specific viral antibodies and promoted partial protection for vaccinated calves around 14 days of age, with a decrease in the intensity of the inflammatory response at the peak of the disease and a higher concentration of antibodies against BPI3V after the booster.

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