scholarly journals Productive performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets containing different levels of palm kernel cake

2011 ◽  
pp. 2659-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicidade Macome ◽  
Ronaldo Lopes O ◽  
Adriana Regina B ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal A ◽  
Larissa Pires B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Commercial Yield

ABSTRACTObjective. The objective of this study was to determine the effect on productiveperformance and carcass characteristics in lambs fed with different amounts of palmkernel cake. Material and methods. Thirty-two Santa Inês lambs, with an initial livebody weight of 24.8 ± 3.59 kg were used. Treatments consisted of four levels (0; 6.5;13.0 and 19.5%) of palm kernel cake added to the dry matter diet. Lambs were fed for80 days, and then slaughtered to be evaluated for the quantitative characteristics of thecarcass. Results. Intake of dry matter and non-structural carbohydrates decreased withincreasing levels of palm kernel cake. The intake of neutral detergent fiber showed a linearincrease. Crude protein and total digestive nutrient intake were not affected. Weight gain,and the feed:gain ratio of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestivenutrients were similar among the four treatments. There was an increase on the feed:gainratio of neutral detergent fiber and a decrease of nonstructural carbohydrates. The weightgain at slaughter and biometric measures were not affected by treatment. The carcasscompactness index showed a linear decrease. The indexes of leg muscularity, compactnessof the leg and rib eye area were similar among treatments. There was a linear decrease inthe cold carcass weight and commercial yield of the carcass. Conclusions. The diet madeof up to 19.5% palm kernel cake reduced DM intake, the carcass compactness index andcarcass commercial yield, but did not alter weight gain, or feed dry matter intake.

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and rumen degradability of byproducts available in the Amazon region

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Ernestina dos Ribeiro Santos Neta ◽  
Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo ◽  
Daiany Íris Gomes ◽  
Janaina Barros Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Babassu Cake

This study evaluated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and crude protein (CP) in byproducts of African oil palm (palm cake, kernel or fiber), macaúba (pulp cake and kernel cake), acai (acai fruit), babassu (kernel cake) and pineapple (peel, crown and bagasse silage). Nineteen rumen-fistulated sheep were kept in individual stalls, receiving a daily diet composed of elephant grass silage and corn and soybean concentrate. After preparation in nylon bags, the byproduct samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 16, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, with three replicates of each ingredient per incubation time. The divergence between the protein nutritional value and energy nutritional value, based on discriminatory variables between groups, was estimated by cluster analysis. The effective degradability of DM, NDFap and CP for the different byproducts was, respectively, 35.9, 26.9 and 59.0% for palm cake; 48.3, 34.3 and 76.4% for palm kernel; 21.1, 6.6 and 50.3% for palm fiber; 34.3, 15.0 and 52.8% for macaúba pulp cake; 58.1; 63.0 and 51.6% for macaúba kernel cake; 49.7, 49.6 and 41.8% for babassu cake; 53.4, 40.5 and 79.8% for pineapple bagasse silage; and 21.3, 17.0 and 38.9% for acai fruit. Based on their NDFap and CP characteristics, the feeds were clustered in up to four different groups.

scholarly journals Production performance of crossbred dairy cows fed palm kernel cake in feedlots

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Leidiane Reis Pimentel ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Antônio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽  
Evely Giovanna Leite Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
And Performance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet on dietary intake and digestibility and performance of lactating crossbred cows. Twelve Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows were distributed in three 4 × 4 Latin squares with the following treatments: control (no inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet); inclusion of 50 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter, 100 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter, and 150 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter. There was no effect of palm kernel cake on the intakes of dry matter, corrected neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients. The intakes of crude protein and ether extract increased linearly. Inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet did not influence the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, ether extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates, or milk production, feed efficiency, and body weight change. Fat-corrected milk yield increased linearly with the addition of palm kernel cake. Inclusion of up to 150 g of palm kernel cake in diets did not influence the dietary intake and performance of lactating cows or the composition of their milk.

scholarly journals Performance and Ruminal Parameters of Boer Crossbred Goats Fed Diets that Contain Crude Glycerin

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higor Bezerra ◽  
Edson Santos ◽  
Juliana Oliveira ◽  
Gleidson Carvalho ◽  
Fabiano Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Four Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of four levels of crude glycerin (0, 50, 100, or 150 g/kg on a dry matter basis) on intake, digestibility, production performance, and ruminal parameters for finishing Boer crossbred goats. Thirty-two crossbred, castrated Boer × undefined breed goat kids, with an initial average weight of 17.8 ± 2.2 kg and approximately four months old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight repetitions. The dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes, both in g/day and percent of body weight, linearly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) with increased inclusion levels of crude glycerin in the diet. The dietary crude glycerin levels linearly decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the digestibility coefficients of ether extract and quadratically increased (p = 0.04) digestibility coefficients of neutral detergent fiber. The final weight, total weight gain, and average daily gain for the animals showed a linear decrease (p ≤ 0.02) as dietary crude glycerin levels increased. The addition of crude glycerin caused a linear increase in ruminal pH (p ≤ 0.01), which ranged from 6.27 to 6.49 for diets with 0 and 150 g/kg crude glycerin, respectively. The concentration of ruminal NH3–N exhibited a linear decrease as the crude glycerin inclusion levels increased (p ≤ 0.01). Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, individual molar ratio, and the acetate: Propionate ratio in the ruminal fluid of the animals were not influenced (p ≥ 0.07) by the dietary crude glycerin levels. These data indicate that crude glycerin should not be used to replace ground corn in the diets of growing goats that are finished in a feedlot because the substitution reduces the intake and digestibility of several nutrients and decreases performance.

scholarly journals Soybean hulls inclusion on silage of wet brewery waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53268
Author(s):  
Ana Rebeca Pires da Silva ◽  
Fabio Jacobs Dias ◽  
Ewerton de Souza Tanaka ◽  
Maycom Marinho Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Rener dos Santos Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Four Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean hulls inclusion in the silage of wet brewery waste. The experimental design was randomized in block, where the treatments were constituted by four levels of soybean hulls on the silage (0, 15, 25, and 35%), with three (silos) replicates per treatment. All data collected were subjected to ANOVA and subsequent polynomial regression at 5%. Soybean hulls inclusion caused a linear increase (p < 0.05) in the pH, dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydrates content of the silage. This inclusion also caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the effluent losses and percentages of crude protein, fats, hemicellulose, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients. Thus, it was concluded that soybean hulls can be used as an additive in the silage of wet brewery waste. Up to 35% of inclusion, there was a significant reduction in the effluent losses, a little increase on pH and enrichment of nutritional content, especially in the dry matter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the nutrient contents of palm kernel cake fermented by microbial cocktails as a potential feedstuff for poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
T. Pasaribu ◽  
E.B. Laconi ◽  
I.P. Kompiang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefacien ◽  
Fermentation Technology

The aims of this research were to improve the nutritive value of palm kernel cake by fermentation technology using Bacillus amyloliquefacien, Trichoderma harzianum and cocktail microbes (combination of Bacillus amyloliquefacien and Trichoderma harzianum). Data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design Factorial, with experiments consisting of types of microbes (B. amyloliquefaciens, T. harzianum, microbial cocktail) as treatment and incubation time (0, 3, 5, and 7 days). Parameters were crude protein and crude fiber for all treatments, and the lowest fiber analysis would continue with NDF, ADF, crude fat, and amino acids. Result showed that the three of microbes grew on palm kernel meal in third incubation and grew on and in the substrate at 7 days. microbial cocktails increased protein and reduced crude fiber better than B. amyloliquefacien and T. harzianum on palm kernel cake fermentation technology. Cocktail microbes enhanced amino acids such as methionine, arginine, and glutamic acid, also neutral detergent fiber but reduced ADF and hemicellulose. It was concluded that the palm kernel cake fermented with microbial cocktails can reduced crude fiber and increase crude protein with an incubation period of 7 days. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of elephant grass silage with the addition of cassava scrapings

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2611-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson de Moura Zanine ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
João Ricardo Rebouças Dórea ◽  
Paulo Alfredo de Santana Dantas ◽  
Thiago Carvalho da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of adding cassava scrapings on gas and effluent losses, dry matter recovery, pH, contents of N-NH3, organic acids and volatile fatty acids and the bromatological composition of elephant grass silages. It was used a randomized complete design, with four levels of cassava scrapings (0, 7, 15 or 30% natural matter) each one with four replications per level. The grass was cut at 50 days of regrowth and ensiled in 15-L silos, equipped with a Bunsen valve to allow gas outflow. The gas losses decreased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings, whereas effluent losses decreased linearly. Dry matter recovery increased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings. Dry matter (DM) concentration increased but crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose (HEM) decreased linearly with the addition of cassava scrapings. The pH value and lactic acid concentration increased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings. Contents of N-NH3 and butyric acid decreased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings, whereas acetic acid content decreased linearly. Addition of cassava scrapings reduced gas and effluent losses and improved the fermentation profile of elephant grass silages and the level of 7% already ensures this improvement.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake and apparent digestibility coefficient of lambs fed with coffee husk in replacement of oat hay

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Laís Belan ◽  
Simone Fernanda Nedel Pertile ◽  
Lisiane Dorneles de Lima ◽  
Agostinho Ludovico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Four Levels

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing oat hay with coffee husk in the diet of lambs on the intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The experimental design was 4×4 Latin square with four levels of replacement of oat hay with coffee husk (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5%) with four individually housed Texel sheep. Intake and apparent digestibility coefficients were measured at four periods of 12 days. All orts and feces were collected, weighed, homogenized, and sampled. The use of coffee husk at up to 22.5% of the total DM in the diet of lambs improved the intake of nutrients. Except for NDF, no significant differences were observed for the apparent digestibility of other parameters (DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, and the ADF). Coffee husk can be included at up to 22.5% of total dry matter in diets with 30% roughage and 70% concentrate, being a good alternative to reduce feed costs in lamb production.

scholarly journals Improving the feed Utilization of Cassava Peels in smallholder goat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
O.A Fasae ◽  
H.B Adegoke ◽  
K.O. Ogunmekan ◽  
I.F. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Cassava Peels

Cassava peels at 25, 50 and 100% were supplemented with varying levels of palm kernel cake with a basal diet of Pennisetum purpereum in an experiment designed to measure its nutritive values and effect on the growth and biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats under stall feeding conditions. Goats on 100% cassava peels (CPL) recorded the least dry matter intake (DMI). The supplementation of CPL with PKC significantly increased (P<0.05) the DMI for goats on 25 and 50% CPL with those on 50% CPL having the highest DM. The dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre of goats on 50% CPL were most digested (P<0.05) while those on 100% CPL were the least. The lower intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein by goats on 100% CPL reflected a significantly (P<0.05) low body weight change (0.55kg) compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the values for all the blood parameters monitored in the study as all fell within the normal range for goats. It was concluded that cassava peels can have a great potential for goat feeding as its feeding value can be improved by supplementing with a protein source, such as palm kernel cake.

scholarly journals Performance and digestibility of confined lambs fed with Babassu cake (Orbignya speciosa) as a substitute for elephant grass silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
J.B. Luz ◽  
D.I. Gomes ◽  
E.R. Santos Neta ◽  
R. Mezzomo ◽  
L.R.S. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Babassu Cake

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of elephant grass silage with babassu (Orbignya speciosa) on the performance, intake, digestibility, and carcass weight gain of sheep. Fifty-four castrated male lambs (19.08±2.76kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design and administered one of the following treatments: 0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 or 50% dry matter (%DM) replacement of elephant grass silage with babassu cake. No difference (P> 0.05) was observed in the dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber intake, but the ether extract intake increased (P< 0.05). The digestibility of the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were unaffected. The crude protein digestibility decreased (P< 0.05), and the ether extract digestibility increased with the replacement of the elephant grass. There were no changes in mean daily weight gain and carcass weight gain. In the carcasses, a linear increase was observed in the proportion of the ether extract, and the crude protein decreased. The replacement of the silage with the babassu cake by up to 50% did not change the performance of sheep, however it led to an increase in fat deposit in the carcass.

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