scholarly journals Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production

2015 ◽  
pp. 4884-4894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Tekeli ◽  
Gültekin Yıldız ◽  
Winfried Drochner ◽  
Herbert Steingass
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Essence Oil

ABSTRACTObjective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect.

scholarly journals Effects of essence oil additives added to different feeds on methane production

2017 ◽  
pp. 5854-5866
Author(s):  
Ahmet Tekeli ◽  
Gültekin Yıldız ◽  
Winfried Drochner ◽  
Herbert Steingass
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Production Values ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Essence Oil

Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values(p<0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.

Evaluation of nutritional value in some tropical by-products using the in vitro gas production technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
A Taghizadeh ◽  
M Besharati
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Digestion Kinetics

Anaerobic digestion of carbohydrates by ruminal microbes produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA), CO2, CH4, and traces of H2; hence, measurement of gas production in vitro can be used to study the rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs (Hungate, 1966). When a feedstuff is incubated with buffered rumen fluid in vitro, the carbohydrates are fermented to SCFA, gases mainly CO2 and CH4 and microbial cells. Gas production is basically the result of fermentation of carbohydrates to acetate, propionate and butyrate (Wolin, 1960; Beuvink and Spoelstra, 1992; Blummel and Ørskov, 1993). High correlations between gas production and NDF disappearance, r2 = 0.99 (Pell and Schofield, 1993) or gas production and DM disappearance, r2 = 0.95 (Prasad et al., 1994) have been reported. In vitro techniques that estimate digestion kinetics indirectly by measuring gas production are a more viable option than other in vitro methods. Gas production technology allows for a more usable collection of digestion kinetics data and has allowed for a growing body of knowledge that is directly applicable to the feeding programs that are in daily practical field use. The range of data that can be acquired is broad and will no doubt grow over time. One of the most challenging problems associated with using gas production methods is that the amount of gas produced varies with different molar proportions of SCFA. For example, a higher propionate concentration is associated with lower gas production because an extra carbon atom in propionate would otherwise have appeared as CO2 (Wolin, 1960). The object of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of noodle waste (NW), tomato pomace (TP) and apple pomace (AP) using the gas production technique.

scholarly journals Determination of Feed Values of Different Physical Processed Common Vetch Seed (Vicia Sativa) by in Vitro Gas Production Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2532
Author(s):  
Yasemin Işık ◽  
Adem Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Production Values ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

In this study, in vitro gas production values, gas production parameters (a, b, a+b and c) and organic matter digestibilities (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) contents, chemical compositions and feed values of different physical processed (raw, soaked, boiled and roasted) common vetch seeds (Vicia sativa) were determined by in vitro gas production technique. Rumen fluid, used in this study, was obtained by probe from one Holstein bull (seven years old, average live weight= 650 kg) raised at Research and Application Farm of Agricultural Faculty Atatürk University. Raw and treated common vetch seeds were incubated for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 hours for the determination of in vitro gas production values and gas production parameters in rumen fluid. It was observed significant differences among all of the common vetch seeds in terms of chemical composition (DM, CA, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, ADL) values (P

Factors affecting the amount of indirect gas produced by the in vitro gas production technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
A. R. Moss ◽  
E. R. Deaville ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Micro Organisms

When a food is ingested by a ruminant animal, the carbohydrate fraction of the food is fermented by the rumen micro-organisms to produce gas (predominantly carbon dioxide and methane) as well as volatile fatty acids (VFA). The gas production technique simulates this fermentation process and provides an estimate of both the rate and extent of fermentation. Comparing the gas production (GP) profiles of foods enables a comparison to be made of the fermentative characteristics of different foods. However, the technique uses a bicarbonate-based medium system with the rumen liquor. This complicates the GP profile because of the production of ‘indirect’ gas resulting from the reaction between the VFA and the bicarbonate ions.Beuvink and Spoelstra (1992) measured the volume of gas produced from buffered rumen fluid when known amounts of VFA were added and observed that 20·8 ml gas were released per mmol VFA. However, there is variation between laboratories in terms of the composition of the medium that is used. Even when the same medium is used, significant differences have been observed in the GP profile when different types of apparatus were employed (Rymer and Givens, 1997). Media are gassed with carbon dioxide before they are added to the gas production system and it is possible that the concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the medium varies between experiments. The objective of this experiment, therefore, was to determine whether the volume of indirect gas produced was affected by the composition of the medium, the addition of carbon dioxide, and the technique employed to measure gas production.

Tropical browses: contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. GETACHEW ◽  
H. P. S. MAKKAR ◽  
K. BECKER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Browse Species

The contents of phenolic compounds, protein precipitation capacity (PPC) and in vitro gas production of tropical browse species were evaluated. The stoichiometric relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of tannin-containing browses in buffered rumen fluid and calculated from short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was investigated. Crude protein (CP) contents in the browses ranged from 54 to 300 g/kg dry matter (DM). Total phenol (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (TP and T as tannic acid equivalent; CT, as leucocyanidin equivalent) ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively, and PPC from 0 to 1066 μg BSA precipitated/g DM. CP content of browses was negatively correlated with TP, T, CT and PPC. A significant correlation was observed between per cent change in gas production on addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the contents of phenolics (r = 0.76 for both TP and T). Addition of PEG to tannin-containing browses increased in vitro gas production. PPC was significantly correlated with TP (r = 0.87; P<0.001), T (r = 0.83; P<0.001), and CT (r = 0.41; P<0.05). A good relationship (R2 = 0.94; P<0.001) was observed between measured in vitro gas production and that calculated from SCFA. The molar proportions of SCFA were not affected by the inclusion of PEG (P>0.05). The relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of browse leaves and that calculated from SCFA allows prediction of SCFA from gas production.

scholarly journals Time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding alters in vitro fermentation volatile fatty acid production

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S98-S98
Author(s):  
L A Pless ◽  
A N Brewster ◽  
D J McLean ◽  
S A Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production for in vitro rumen fermentation. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers were used as rumen fluid donors. Feed was removed from heifers 12 h prior to feeding, rumen fluid was collected from each heifer before feeding (0 h), and at 2, 4, and 6 h after feeding, repeated on three separate incubation days. Buffered rumen fluid (100 mL) was incubated in 250-mL bottles containing 1.4 g of dried TMR, in duplicate for each heifer at each collection time. All bottles were incubated for 24 h at 39°C and constant agitation (60 rpm), and capped with monitors to capture temperature and pressure every 15 min (RF1, Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY). At the end of incubation, final pH and a sample of rumen fluid were collected for VFA and ammonia nitrogen. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS, with donor as the experimental unit and day as the random blocking factor; significance is defined as P ≤ 0.05. Time of rumen fluid collection significantly affected acetate (mmol/liter; P = 0.0004), propionate (mmol/liter; P = 0.02), isobutyrate (mmol/liter; P &lt; 0.0001), valerate (mmol/liter; P = 0.004), isovalerate (mmol/liter; P &lt; 0.00001), and total VFA concentrations (mmol/liter; P = 0.004). All VFA relative proportions were altered due to time of rumen fluid collection (P &lt; 0.02). VFA production was highest when rumen fluid was collected 4-h post-feeding. There was little to no effect on pH. Our findings suggest that VFA production is maximized when rumen fluid is collected between 2 and 4 h after feeding.

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