Why Interactivity Works: Interactive Priming of Mental Rotation

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Gordon Smith ◽  
Sinan Olkun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Observational Group ◽  
Spatial Mental Models ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Two Age Groups

This study has important implications for microworlds such as Logo, HyperGami, and Newton's World, which use interaction to learn spatial mental models for science, math, geometry, etc. This study tested the hypothesis that interactively rotating (dragging) virtual shapes primes mental rotation. The independent variable was observation vs. interaction: a) watching an animation of a shape rotating, versus b) manually rotating a shape on the computer. The dependent variable was mental rotation of the same shape. Two age groups, 9-year-olds and college undergraduates participated. For 9-year-olds, the interactive group mentally rotated significantly more accurately and faster than the observational. Therefore, interaction primed mental rotation. For the college undergraduates, the interactive group mentally rotated significantly more accurately, but significantly slower than the observational group. This suggests that the interaction disrupted a routine process, causing undergraduates to switch strategies. Results from both age groups reinforce the educational value of more naturalistic interaction with virtual shapes, i.e., dragging is better than clicking.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Influence of Age Stages on Static Plantar Pressure Indicators for Karate Do Practitioners (Preliminary Report)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7320
Author(s):  
George Danut Mocanu ◽  
Gabriel Murariu ◽  
Daniel Andrei Iordan ◽  
Ion Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Pressure Center ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Pressure Indicators ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Age Groups

The investigation aims at static examination and determination of differences for three age groups: under 13, 13–15 years old and over 15, all practitioners of the martial art karate do. This investigation occured at the level of the main parameters, measured using the FreeMed baropodometric platform and Free Step software by Sensor Medica: plantar surface areas, location of the pressure center (C) inside the support polygon, imbalances noticed at the level of the plantar areas, Pmax value, weight distribution on each foot and at the level of the rearfoot and forefoot areas, misalignments of the pressure centers of each foot, etc. Results: subjects under the age of 13 had the highest number of cases related to the off-centered positioning of the pressure center (C); the groups of those under 13 and over 15 years old located in most cases Pmax at the level of the left retropodal part, and those between 13–15 years old have a location on the dominant leg, at the level of the right retropodal part. The highest numbers of cases of normal bilateral leg are for the group under 13 years, and the other groups have a higher incidence of various plantar imbalances. The analysis of variance (F) identified only two situations in which the independent variable, “age stages,” significantly influences the resulting parameters, at the level of the non-dominant foot: forefoot_left_surface and total_left_surface. The data differences for the right/left pairs within each batch generate insignificant values of |Z| for most cases, with the superiority of the dominant foot parameters for the first two age groups, but in the case of the group over 15 years old, some results are atypical, with higher average values of left/non-dominant foot parameters in the following cases: total_left_Pmax, total_left_Pavg, rearfoot_left_load_percent, rearfoot_left_weight_ratio_percent. The comparison between the data pairs for all three batches (between the forefoot and rearfoot plantar areas) generated significant values of |Z| only for the area of the plantar surfaces. The older the subjects, the more obvious the plantar load on the forefoot area, which is similar to the results of some martial arts studies analyzed here, and is determined by the long use of the non-dominant foot as a support base, during kicks with the dominant one.

Specific and Varied Practice of Motor Skill

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kerr ◽  
Bernard Booth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Specific Practice ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Two Age Groups

To assess the potential effect of specific and varied practice on the development of motor schema, 64 children in two age groups (8 yr. and 12 yr.) were tested on a simple throwing task at the beginning and end of a 12-wk. physical education program. For the throwing test the children were assigned to either a specificity or a schema group (varied practice). The task was performed without visual feedback, but knowledge of results was given after each trial. Prior to both tests at the criterion target, the specific group was given practice throws using the criterion target distance, whereas the schema group practiced on two other targets. No differences were found between the two groups at the beginning of the program but on the posttest those children receiving a variety of practice on the throwing task performed significantly better than the specific-practice group. Thus it was suggested that a varied practice schedule may facilitate the initial formation of motor schema, and this process may be enhanced by participation in a physical education program.

Effects of Microworld Training Experience on Sorting Tasks by Young Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie M. Brinkley ◽  
J. Allen Watson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Two Age Groups ◽  
And Task

The effects of microworld microcomputer training on sorting behaviors of 124 two-and three-year-old male and female day care children were studied. Subjects were divided into two age groups (mean ages were 2.5 and 3.0 years) and then into three treatment groups (microworld, real world, and combination) and a control group (no intervention). All treatment groups received one and one-half training hours on an inside/outside a house sorting task using ten familiar, age-appropriate objects. All subjects were pretested and posttested. To assess learning transfer, the posttest included objects on which the children were both trained and untrained. Findings from a 2 × 4 ANCOVA showed a significant age group difference on posttest objects for which children were not trained ( p = .0317) and a near significant trend on objects for which the children were trained ( p = .0654). Three-year-olds learned better than two-year-olds ( p = .0001), with learning increasing over time. One-third of the three-year-olds manipulated the computer and task independently. The abstract microcomputer task was shown to be no more difficult for young children than was the concrete doll house task.

Bilingual advantage in attentional control: Evidence from the forced-attention dichotic listening paradigm

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA SOVERI ◽  
MATTI LAINE ◽  
HEIKKI HÄMÄLÄINEN ◽  
KENNETH HUGDAHL
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Directing Attention ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Two Age Groups

It has been claimed that due to their experience in controlling two languages, bilinguals exceed monolinguals in certain executive functions, especially inhibition of task-irrelevant stimuli. Here we investigated the effects of bilingualism on an executive phonological task, namely the forced-attention dichotic listening task with syllabic stimuli. In the standard non-forced (NF) condition, the participants reported all syllables they heard, be it from the right or the left ear. In the forced-right (FR) and forced-left (FL) attention conditions, they had to direct their attention to either the right- or the left-ear stimulus and inhibit information coming to the other ear. We tested Finnish monolinguals and early simultaneous Finnish–Swedish bilinguals from two age groups: (30–50-year-olds and 60–74-year-olds). The results showed that the bilinguals performed better than the monolinguals in the FR and FL conditions. This supports the idea of a bilingual advantage in directing attention and inhibiting task-irrelevant stimuli.

Developing Size Specifications of 3D Body Models for Males Aged between 7 and 18

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Young Lim Choi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Detailed Measurement ◽  
Representative Element ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Two Age Groups ◽  
Height Factor

This study aims to set the size ranges for male human body aged between 7 and 18, and to develop detailed body measurement criteria for each size. For that purpose, total 31 items were selected from the references of 5th SizeKorea Survey to carry out a statistical analysis, and they included 11 items for height, 15 for circumference and 15 items for length. Through the factorial analysis of those 31 items for body measurement, two dominant factors of obesity and height could be extracted as representative elements for body types. The circumference of waist was designated as the representative element for obesity factor, and the height as the representative element for height factor, and the size ranges were set to 3cm and 5cm intervals each for waste circumference and height. With two age groups of 7-12 and 13-18, the waste circumference and the height were cross-analyzed to decide high frequency sections, and based on this, the size ranges for 3D model development were decided. Lastly, detailed measurement specifications according to size ranges were developed through regression analysis. In this regression analysis, the circumference of waist was put as independent variable and the height as dependent variable. As a result, it was proved in this study that the circumference of waste was a strong element to explain obesity factor, and the height was to explain height factor in body measurement, and size specifications were developed according to different size ranges.

Concordance of Glucose-Based and of HbA1c-Based Diagnoses of Diabetes in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease—A Comparison between Two Age Groups

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1522-P
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH H. SAELY ◽  
ALEXANDER VONBANK ◽  
CHRISTINE HEINZLE ◽  
DANIELA ZANOLIN ◽  
BARBARA LARCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Two Age Groups

Foundation for the Prevention and Pathological Aspects of Diseases of the Mucous Membranes of the Oral Cavity (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bakaev Zh. N.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Age Groups

According to the authors, the prevalence of SOPR diseases is from 3 to 20%.In a study of 1573 residents of southern China in two age groups who use tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of SOPR was higher among men living in rural areas compared to urban residents. Among women aged 35-44 years, the incidence was higher in urban women, and in the 65-77-year-old group in rural women. In the course of studies in Brazil, among 335 patients older than 60 years, 646 diseases of the SOPR were identified. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of SOPR diseases in the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation

Internet Sex discourse and porn viewing by Arab adolescents: The overt and the covert and its impact on their sexual education and behavior (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Gesser-Edelsburg ◽  
Munawar Abed Elhadi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Sexual Discourse ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
Internet Sex ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Two Age Groups

BACKGROUND Due to the religious proscription, it was found that Arab youths acquire information and view pornography secretly. The internet exposes them to contents that contradict religious and cultural taboos. There are few studies about viewing habits of sexual contents among Arab adolescents and about the way they discuss sexuality. OBJECTIVE to characterize the barriers and difficulties that prevent sexual discourse in Arab society and enable pornography viewing, according to the perceptions of adolescents and mothers. METHODS phenomological qualitative research methods, in-depth interviews with 40 participants. 20 Arab adolescents, sampled by two age groups: 14-16 and 16-18. In addition, 20 mothers of adolescents from both sexes were interviewed. RESULTS The findings indicate that mothers “turn a blind eye” to porn viewing and sexual activity by boys, versus a sweeping prohibition and denial of such behavior by girls. The boys reported viewing porn routinely, whereas girls denied doing so, but admitted that their girlfriends watched porn. The study also found that the boys have guilt feelings during and after the viewing as a result of the clash between modernity and traditional values. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to find a way to encourage a significant sexual discourse to prevent the violent consequences of its absence in Arab society. A controlled, transparent and critical sexual discourse could help youth make more informed decisions concerning the search for sexual contents, porn viewing and sexual behavior.

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