The Taxonomy of Visual Aesthetic Preferences: An Empirical Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Eysenck ◽  
G. W. Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Zero Correlation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Artistic Training ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences ◽  
Executive Skill

Earlier work has suggested the existence of two major dimensions of aesthetic preference judgments: 1) A general factor of “good taste,” and 2) a bipolar factor based on a preference for simplicity as opposed to complexity. Two tests measuring these two factors were administered to an artistic and a control group, and a zero correlation was predicted for both. In addition, the effects of artistic training were studied for the artistic group. Finally, ratings for aesthetic sensitivity and executive skill for members of the artistic group were correlated with the two tests. The tests, as predicted, were not correlated. Artistic training had a small but significant effect. The tests were not correlated with the ratings of aesthetic sensitivity and executive ability in drawing skill.

scholarly journals Psychometric Evaluation of the Perceived Stress Scale in Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salene M. Wu ◽  
Dagmar Amtmann
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease characterized by neurological symptoms and sometimes heightened levels of distress. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is often used in MS samples to measure stress but has not been validated in this population. Participants (n=446) completed the PSS as well as measure of depression, anxiety, and mental and physical health. Factor analyses indicated that the general factor of a bifactor model accounted for a large amount of the variance in the 14-item and 10-item versions of the PSS. The 4-item PSS had two factors, the Stress subscale and the Coping subscale, but a one-factor model also fits the data well. Total scores and both subscales had sufficient reliability and validity for all versions of the PSS, although a few items of the 14-item PSS had low item-total correlations. This study supports the use of the total score of the PSS in MS but also suggests that the 10-item PSS had better psychometric properties than the 14-item PSS.

Hyponatremia in the rat in the absence of positive water balance.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-529
Author(s):  
M Gowrishankar ◽  
C B Chen ◽  
S Cheema-Dhadli ◽  
A Steele ◽  
M L Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Usual Diet

The purpose of this report is to determine the mechanisms that lead to hyponatremia when isotonic saline was the only fluid infused into rats given antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and what might minimize the degree of this hyponatremia. Normal rats were deprived of food and water for the 24-hr study period. They received an infusion of isotonic saline to expand their extracellular fluid (ECF) volume with and without exogenous ADH administration (N = 8 in each of the four groups). Similar studies were also carried out in 32 rats fed a low electrolyte diet for 72 hr before the experiment. An additional control group was fed the low electrolyte diet supplemented with sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl). Hyponatremia developed over 24 hr in rats fed their usual diet if treated with ADH and isotonic saline (fall, 13 +/- 2 mM, P < 0.01). The hyponatremia was caused by negative balance for Na + K salts. Hyponatremia did not develop after the saline + ADH treatment if rats were pretreated for 3 days with a low electrolyte diet. Two factors were required to develop this hyponatremia--generation of electrolyte-free water as a result of the excretion of a large quantity of Na + K salts at a high concentration in the urine, and prevention of the excretion of this electrolyte-free water by ADH. Increasing the avidity for Na reabsorption by the kidney prevented this type of hyponatremia from developing.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Preference and Time: Preferred Painting Dilates Time Perception

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402093990
Author(s):  
Lingjing Li ◽  
Yu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Temporal Reproduction ◽  
Time Perceptions ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences ◽  
Perceived Duration

In the domain of aesthetic preference, previous studies focused primarily on exploring the factors that influence aesthetic preference while neglecting to investigate whether aesthetic preference affects other psychological activities. This study sought to expand our understanding of time perception by examining whether aesthetic preference in viewing paintings influenced its perceived duration. Participants who preferred Chinese paintings ( n = 20) and participants who preferred western paintings ( n = 21) were recruited to complete a temporal reproduction task that measured their time perception of Chinese paintings and of western paintings. The results showed that participants who preferred Chinese paintings exhibited longer time perceptions for Chinese paintings than for western paintings, while the participants who preferred western paintings exhibited longer time perceptions for western paintings than for Chinese paintings. These results suggested that aesthetic preference could modulate our perceived duration of painting presentation. Specifically, individuals perceive longer painting presentation durations when exposed to the stimuli matching their aesthetic preferences.

scholarly journals Eutrophic water or fertile sediment: which is more important for the growth of invasive aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum?

2018 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingchang Tan ◽  
Hu He ◽  
Jiao Gu ◽  
Kuanyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Myriophyllum Aquaticum ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Outdoor Experiment ◽  
Lateral Branches

Invasive macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum is capable of assimilating nutrients from both the sediments and the water column. However, which is the major source of nutrients supporting M. aquaticum growth under various nutrient regimes has not been well documented. Here we conducted a two-factorial outdoor experiment (three levels of nutrient loading and two types of sediments) from 23 May to 27 June 2016, to assess M. aquaticum responses to different nutrient levels in the water column and the sediment. Results showed that concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll a in the water column increased in the treatment groups, but decreased slightly in the control group (nutrient-poor sediment and no nutrient addition). Sediment type had a significant effect on the growth M. aquaticum, while there were no significant effects of nutrient loading levels and the interactions between the two factors. Mean relative growth rate, mean plant height, mean stem diameter, the number of lateral branches and roots in the nutrient-rich sediment treatments were 1.6, 1.2, 1.6, 3.2 and 5.9 folds greater than in the nutrient-poor sediment treatments, respectively. These results suggest that nutrient-rich sediment has a positive effect on the growth of M. aquaticum. This study reveals possible expansion mechanism of the exotic M. aquaticum in China, and may provide valuable information on the ecological restoration of eutrophic freshwaters.

Progress in Mastery of Counseling Communication Skills

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Kuntze ◽  
Henk T. van der Molen ◽  
Marise Ph. Born
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Skill ◽  
Progress Test ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Basic Course ◽  
Discriminant Power

Abstract. This article describes the development and evaluation of a new instrument for the assessment of oral counseling communication skills, the Communication Skills Progress Test (CSPT). The first aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, dimensionality, and discriminant power of the CSPT. The second aim was to examine whether trainees show progress in their mastery of counseling communication skills after taking a course in basic counseling communication skills and a course in advanced counseling communication skills. The CSPT is designed as a video test. With this test students have to demonstrate their mastery of the separate communication skills. A total of 454 psychology students took the CSPT, either before (T0) or after a course in basic counseling communication skills (T1), or after a course in advanced counseling communication skills (T2). Furthermore, 103 psychology students took the CSPT at T0, T1 and T2; 26 students served as a control group. We found two factors underlying the CSPT, a Basic Skill Factor and an Advanced Skill Factor. The interrater reliability and internal consistency of these factors were high. As expected, students who took the basic course showed more progress on the Basic Skill Factor than the students in the control group. After the course in advanced counseling communication skills their scores on the Advanced Skill Factor improved substantially. These findings support the discriminant power of the CSPT. The main conclusion is that the CSPT assesses the progress of the mastery in communication skills in a reliable and valid manner.

Dimensions of Alienation and Pathology

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
Jean G. Schimek ◽  
Roslyn Milstein Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
Cultural Alienation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Main Factors

The Keniston Alienation Scale was administered to a group of 47 adolescent psychiatric hospital patients, to a control group of 78 college undergraduates and to the staff ( n = 28) of the psychiatric hospital. Three main factors emerged: interpersonal alienation, self-repudiation, and cultural alienation. The patient group scored much higher on the first two factors, but cultural alienation did not differentiate any of the groups and seems unrelated to pathology. Clinical data showed that patients high on self-repudiation have a greater tendency toward withdrawal and depression, whereas those low on this dimension were characterized by anti-social behavior. The findings are discussed in relation to the clinical validity of the alienation scale, and the dangers of treating alienation as a unitary dimension.

Soya-bean agglutinin induced both direct and cholecystokinin-mediated pancreatic enzyme synthesis in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zang ◽  
D. F. Li ◽  
J. R. Wang ◽  
S. S. Tang ◽  
X. L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Two Factors

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the relationship between soya-bean agglutinin and cholecystokinin in stimulating pancreatic enzyme synthesis in rats. In experiment 1, 30 rats were given daily gastric infusions of 0, 3·5, 7·0, 10·5, or 14·0 mg of soya-bean agglutinin (no.=6) for 14 days. Compared with the control group, soya-bean agglutinin reduced weight gains, enhanced absolute and relative dry pancreatic weights, elevated serum cholecystokinin levels, and stimulated cholecystokinin mRNA expression in the intestine (P<0·001). Pancreatic nucleic acid composition and the pancreatic activities of the enzymes amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin all increased in response to increasing levels of soya-bean agglutinin (P<0·001). In experiment 2, duodenal cells obtained from two rats were incubated at 37°C with either saline, 100 μg/ml soya-bean agglutinin, or a mixture of 100 μg/ml soya-bean agglutinin and 10 mmol/m of the L-type, calcium channel antagonist verapamil. Soya-bean agglutinin stimulated cholecystokinin mRNA expression and cholecystokinin release from small intestinal mucosal cells, and the effect was attenuated by verapamil. In experiment 3, pancreatic acinar cells, obtained from three rats, were incubated at 37 °C with either saline, or cholecystokinin (100 fmol/ml) and soya-bean agglutinin (1000 fmol/ml), either alone or in combination. Amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin activities from both culture media and acini cells were stimulated by both the soya-bean agglutinin and the cholecystokinin treatments. Enzyme activities, when the two factors were incubated in combination, were intermediate to those obtained when the factors were incubated alone. This suggesting that soya-bean agglutinin may depress the action of cholecystokinin on pancreatic enzymatic activities. In summary, soya-bean agglutinin appears to stimulate pancreatic enzyme synthesis both directly and also through a cholecystokinin-mediated pathway.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of Visitors’ Experience at Kuching Orchid Garden with Mobile Guide Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Kamal Othman ◽  
Khairul Izham Idris ◽  
Shaziti Aman ◽  
Prashanth Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Interactive Technologies ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Museum Experience ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
And Control

This empirical study was conducted to measure visitors’ experiences with a mobile guide application at Kuching Orchid Garden (KOG). A between-group experimental design with 114 participants was conducted to test three groups;(1)a group using the mobile guide application as an information aid,(2)a control group (with no information aid), and(3)a group using pamphlets to explore the KOG. The Museum Experience Scale (MES) was used to evaluate visitors’ experience for all participants, whilst the Multimedia Guide Scale (MMGS) was used to evaluate the visitors’ experience with the mobile guide group. The most notable result from the Museum Experience Scale (MES) showed an impact on the visitors in terms of knowledge and learning when using the mobile guide application. However, the study found that enhancing visitors experience goes beyond simply providing interactive technologies in public settings to aid with information delivery. A limitation was providing relevant information in a timely and seamless manner due to inaccuracies of mapping between physical and digital environments. Future works should consider beacons and other Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology to address the issues with location based devices. It is also important to highlight that the use of one’s own device had a significant impact on learnability and control of the device, thus suggesting that the BYOD concept should be widely used in informal educational settings implementing mobile guide applications. The use of MES and MMGS informs future researches with an understanding of the different dimensions of visitors’ experiences with mobile guide technology in public spaces to inform mobile application development that may further boost visitors’ engagement, emotional connection, and meaningful experience.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 2 on Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Chunpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Shiwen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in the treatment of glioma, which is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. Methods: A total of 82 patients were included in this study, with 27 cases in the control group and 55 cases in the glioma group; the expressions of SphK2 and gp130 in the two groups were compared by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the two factors was analyzed. Results: Both SphK2 and gp130 were upregulated in the glioma group, and the two factors were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The high expression of SphK2 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis of glioma.

scholarly journals Impact of Organizational Climate on Knowledge-Sharing Behavior: An Empirical Study in Minimarkets

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Sri Raharso ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Knowledge Sharing Behavior ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sharing Behavior

This empirical research aims to identify the relationship between organizational climate and knowledge sharing behavior. Also, this study uses knowledge sharing intentions as a mediator between these two variables. The survey was conducted incidentally on 403 minimarket employees in eight districts/cities in West Java. Factor analysis was employed to purify research variables. To evaluate the research model, multiple regression analysis was used. The results of the factor analysis on organizational climate resulted in two factors, fairness and affiliation. Fairness and affiliation constructs have a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing intention. Knowledge sharing intention also has a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing behavior.

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