Effect of Magnesium Pemoline and Methylphenidate on Memory Improvement and Mood in Normal Aging Subjects

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne G. Gilbert ◽  
Kevin J. Donnelly ◽  
Louis E. Zimmer ◽  
Joseph F. Kubis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Magnesium Pemoline ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Alternate Forms ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Vocabulary Subtest ◽  
Mood Scale

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of magnesium pemoline (Cylert) and methylphenidate (Ritalin) on the memory and mood of normal aging persons. Seventy-eight subjects, aged 60 and over, were randomly assigned in double blind fashion to one of the two drug conditions or to a placebo. Subjects were administered the WAIS vocabulary subtest, the Guild Memory Test, and a mood scale at the beginning of the study and the mood scale and alternate forms of the memory test in the middle and at the end of the experiment. Laboratory examinations were conducted at the beginning and end of the six week period and physical examinations were given weekly. Results showed no differential drug effects between the three groups on any of the six memory functions measured or between sub-groups of differing intellectual levels. There were, however, tentative indications that Cylert increased depression and worrisomeness and that Ritalin reduced fatigue. No physical side effects or significant changes in laboratory examinations were found on all but two subjects. These two individuals, apparently hypersensitive to Cylert, showed hepatic toxicity, but the resultant elevations on some tests quickly subsided when the drug was withdrawn.

Reduction in Pain Sensitivity from Pharmacological Elevation of Blood Pressure in Persons with Chronically Low Blood Pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Duschek ◽  
Heike Heiss ◽  
Boriana Buechner ◽  
Rainer Schandry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Low Blood Pressure ◽  
Present Trial

Recent studies have revealed evidence for increased pain sensitivity in individuals with chronically low blood pressure. The present trial explored whether pain sensitivity can be reduced by pharmacological elevation of blood pressure. Effects of the sympathomimetic midodrine on threshold and tolerance to heat pain were examined in 52 hypotensive persons (mean blood pressure 96/61 mmHg) based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Heat stimuli were applied to the forearm via a contact thermode. Confounding of drug effects on pain perception with changes in skin temperature, temperature sensitivity, and mood were statistically controlled for. Compared to placebo, higher pain threshold and tolerance, increased blood pressure, as well as reduced heart rate were observed under the sympathomimetic condition. Increases in systolic blood pressure between points of measurement correlated positively with increases in pain threshold and tolerance, and decreases in heart rate were associated with increases in pain threshold. The findings underline the causal role of hypotension in the augmented pain sensitivity related to this condition. Pain reduction as a function of heart rate decrease suggests involvement of a baroreceptor-related mechanism in the pain attrition. The increased proneness of persons with chronic hypotension toward clinical pain is discussed.

scholarly journals A 36-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 clinical trial of sodium oligomannate for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifu Xiao ◽  
Piu Chan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhen Hong ◽  
Shuzhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background New therapies are urgently needed for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sodium oligomannate (GV-971) is a marine-derived oligosaccharide with a novel proposed mechanism of action. The first phase 3 clinical trial of GV-971 has been completed in China. Methods We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in participants with mild-to-moderate AD to assess GV-971 efficacy and safety. Participants were randomized to placebo or GV-971 (900 mg) for 36 weeks. The primary outcome was the drug-placebo difference in change from baseline on the 12-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog12). Secondary endpoints were drug-placebo differences on the Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change with caregiver input (CIBIC+), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Safety and tolerability were monitored. Results A total of 818 participants were randomized: 408 to GV-971 and 410 to placebo. A significant drug-placebo difference on the ADAS-Cog12 favoring GV-971 was present at each measurement time point, measurable at the week 4 visit and continuing throughout the trial. The difference between the groups in change from baseline was − 2.15 points (95% confidence interval, − 3.07 to − 1.23; p < 0.0001; effect size 0.531) after 36 weeks of treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse event incidence was comparable between active treatment and placebo (73.9%, 75.4%). Two deaths determined to be unrelated to drug effects occurred in the GV-971 group. Conclusions GV-971 demonstrated significant efficacy in improving cognition with sustained improvement across all observation periods of a 36-week trial. GV-971 was safe and well-tolerated. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02293915. Registered on November 19, 2014

Relative Effects of Drugs and Diet on Hyperactive Behaviors: An Experimental Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ivan Williams ◽  
Douglas M. Cram ◽  
Frances T. Tausig ◽  
Evelyn Webster
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Artificial Food ◽  
Hyperactive Behavior ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Hyperactive Children ◽  
Artificial Food Colors ◽  
Food Colors

In a test of Feingold's hypothesis that food additives trigger the hyperactive response, 26 hyperactive children were randomly assigned to treatment conditions whereby they were given active or placebo medications in combination with challenge cookies with artificial food colors or control cookies without the additives. The children were crossed over into each of the four treatment conditions and experimental procedures were employed, including double-blind assessments through the completion of behavior checklists, by teachers and parents. Stimulant medications were clearly more effective than diet in reducing hyperactive behavior. The parent ratings indicate strong drug effects and inconclusive diet effects. Drug effects are marked in teacher ratings as well. However, when the children were receiving placebos, their hyperactive behaviors in the classroom were greater when eating cookies with artificial colors than when eating cookies without artificial colors. According to the ratings, approximately seven children were no longer hyperactive. There is evidence to suggest that the behavior of three to eight children was diet-responsive, depending on the criteria used. There is evidence, particularly in teacher ratings, in support of Feingold's hypothesis if it is modified. Further research is required to specify which subtypes of hyperactive children respond to a diet free of artificial food colors.

A Controlled Trial of Baclofen in Children with Cerebral Palsy

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Milla ◽  
A D M Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Muscle Spasticity ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Better Than

A double-blind crossover trial against placebo was conducted to assess the effects of the GABA derivative, baclofen, on the disabilities due to muscle spasticity in twenty children suffering from cerebral palsy. Baclofen performed very significantly better than placebo in reducing spasticity and significantly better than placebo in allowing both active and passive limb movements to be carried out. Notable improvement was also seen in scissoring. Side-effects were minimal and responded promptly to dose reduction. The evaluation of drug effects on muscle spasticity and the pharmacodynamics of baclofen are discussed. Recommendations are made regarding dosage of baclofen in childhood.

Primed word-fragment completion and successive memory test performance in normal aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Karlsson ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson ◽  
Arne Borjesson ◽  
Lars-Goran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Word Fragment ◽  
Word Fragment Completion ◽  
Primed Word

scholarly journals A 36-week Multicenter, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Phase 3 Clinical Trial of Sodium Oligomannate for Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Dementia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifu Xiao ◽  
Piu Chan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhen Hong ◽  
Shuzhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: New therapies are urgently needed for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sodium oligomannate (GV-971) is a marine-derived oligosaccharide which reconstitutes gut microbiota, reduces neuroinflammation, decreases amyloid deposition, and improves cognition in AD animal models. The first phase 3 clinical trial of GV-971 has been completed in China. Methods: We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in participants with mild-to-moderate AD to assess GV-971 efficacy and safety. Participants were randomized to placebo or GV-971 (900 mg) for 36 weeks. The primary outcome was the drug-placebo difference in change from baseline on the 12-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog12). Secondary endpoints were drug-placebo differences on the Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change with caregiver input (CIBIC+), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Safety and tolerability were monitored. Results: 818 participants were randomized: 408 to GV-971 and 410 to placebo. A significant drug-placebo difference on the ADAS-Cog12 favoring GV-971 was present at each measurement time-point, measurable at the week 4 visit and continuing throughout the trial. The difference between groups in change from baseline was −2.15 points (95% confidence interval, −3.07 to −1.23; P<0.0001; effect size 0.531) after 36 weeks treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse event incidence was comparable between active treatment and placebo (73.9%, 75.4%). Two deaths determined to be unrelated to drug effects occurred in the GV-971 group.Conclusions: GV-971 demonstrated significant efficacy in improving cognition with sustained improvement across all observation periods of a 36-week trial. GV-971 was safe and well tolerated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02293915. Registered on November 19, 2014.

scholarly journals A double-blind placebo controlled homoeopathic proving of Malus domestica 30CH, with a subsequent comparison of proving symptomatology to homoeopathic remedies of repertorial similarity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brenton Ricardo Moonsamy
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Introduction The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of Malus domestica 30CH on a group of healthy provers and to compare these signs and symptoms to remedies of repertorial similarity. Malus domestica (common domestic apple) is an indigenous South African fruit which grows on the Drakensberg Mountains in Northern KwaZulu-Natal and is a regular part of the diet for those living there. This study hypothesized that Malus domestica 30CH would prove observable signs and symptoms in healthy individuals. Further it was hypothesized that the comparison of Malus domestica to remedies of reportorial similarity would highlight similarities and differences between existing homoeopathic remedies and Malus domestica 30CH thereby clarifying the therapeutic action of this new remedy and its relative location in the materia medica. The study was conducted by two researchers who each managed 15 provers and shared all primary data. The second researcher hypothesized that there would be a similarity between the proving symptoms of the remedy and the Doctrine of Signatures of the original substance (Ramnarayan 2014). Methodology A double blind placebo controlled proving of Malus domestica 30CH was conducted on 30 healthy volunteers who met specific inclusion criteria, with 6 receiving placebo and 24 receiving verum. A case history and thorough physical examination was performed on every prover before commencement of the proving. Recording of the data collected was in the form of a journal. Once the proving was completed information from each prover was collated and assessed by the two researchers. The symptoms elicited were then translated into materia medica and repertory language and a complete homoeopathic picture of the remedy appeared. Information from case histories and physical examinations were also considered. A repertorisation of 10 rubrics chosen to represent the essence of Malus domestica was conducted using Radar Opus software. Exclusion repertorization then followed in order to identify those remedies producing the highest numerical value and total number of rubrics within the animal, mineral and plant kingdoms in particular. Results Vast arrays of symptoms were experienced by the provers. Polarities in the symptoms were often displayed. On the emotional plane, there were symptoms of depression, sadness and cheerfulness. Some provers experienced tranquility and others felt anger, frustration and irritation. On the mental plane there were symptoms of clarity, focused concentration and confusion. The presence of delusions was marked. The most prominent delusion which infiltrated the mental and physical plane was of disconnection and separation. The main symptoms were sensations as if the extremities were separated from other areas. There was cramping and itching of the extremities as well. Pulsating headaches with perspiration of the scalp and eye pain were experienced. Various gastrointestinal symptoms were experienced ranging from distention, eructations, cramping, and diarrhea to hemorrhage after stool. Constriction of the chest and a loose, dry cough was also experienced. Cervical and lumbar back pain was reported. Sleep was described as unrefreshing with sleeplessness. The themes that emerged from the dreams were of danger (including danger to family), banquets, parties and helping others. The provers had a craving for tea. The similar remedies that emerged from the repertorial analysis were; Natrum muriaticum, Rhus toxicodendron, Lyssin, Cinchona officinalis and Pulsatilla pratensis. Conclusion The proving of Malus domestica 30CH did produce well defined symptoms that were clearly observed in healthy provers as proposed by the hypothesis. As hypothesized the comparison of Malus domestica to remedies of repertorial similarity did highlight similarities and differences between existing homoeopathic remedies and Malus domestica 30CH thereby clarifying the therapeutic range of this new remedy and its relative location in the materia medica.

scholarly journals ANALISIS HASIL PEMERIKSAAN FISIK DAN LABORATORIUM DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DERAJAT I DAN II DI RSUD H. SAHUDIN KUTACANE TAHUN 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Joharsah Joharsah ◽  
Fika Lestari ◽  
Purnama Sari Cane
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

Dengue fever is a severe fever that is often deadly, caused by a virus, characterized by capillary permeability, hemostasis abnormalities and in severe cases, shock syndrome loss of protein. The disease is divided into several degrees. To ensure patients suffer from DENGUE disease, it is necessary to perform physical and laboratory examinations such as hematology tests. This study aims to analyze the results of physical examinations and laboratories of DBD degrees I and II at H.Sahudin Kutacane Hospital. The study used descriptive methods with a Cross Sectional approach. Accidental sampling and the number of samples obtained is 20 respondents, among others, degrees I and II are 10 respondents. The data collection tool is carried out using observation sheets including demographic data, physical examination of DBD degrees I and II, and normal standard numbers and laboratory examination units of Amanah Kutacane Clinic. The results of research conducted from a physical examination of DBD degrees I and II show signs and symptoms of DENGUD disease that appear differently because in addition to the condition of a person's body response is different, It may also be because it has been given symptomatic and supportive treatment, while the laboratory results of DBD degrees I and II are only platelets whose value is low from normal numbers (150,000-450,000/μl) of 88,500/μl and 42,300/μl respectively and these laboratory results are affected by adequate fluid and oxygen intake and nutritious food intake so as to support proper administration of action/management

scholarly journals The Clinical Interpretation of Platelet Survival with Cr51 Tagged Platelets

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J.C. Jonker ◽  
L.H.M. van Riel ◽  
W. Schopman ◽  
G.J.H. den Ottolander
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
Significant Difference

We obtained experience in 800 determinations of platelet survival time(PST) with a modified method according to Aster and Jandl . In 20 normal volunteers we obtained a mean T½ of 99 hours with a S.D. of 13.4 hours. The reproducibility of the method was obtained from two PST measurements with an interval of one week. The S.D. of replication was 13.4 percent. The reproducibility of PST over a long period of time (18-30 months) was determined from patients of the placebo group of a trialon patients with angina pectoris. Compared with the PST at entry in 72 patients the mean standard deviation in at least three determinations was 14.5%. Each single PST has a range of 90% reliability (T½ ± 2x S.D.) depending on the correlation factor between disappearance in comparison with time. Our mean correlation factor (R) is 0.92 with a range of 0.85-1.00). A single PST with a R of 0.92 has an S.D. of 15%, meaning that there is a significant difference between two PST determinations in a single individual when there is more than 30% difference. At entry 30% of angina patients has a shortened PST. After six months there was an increase of the PST in the Clofibrate treated group. After 18 months however there was also an increase in the placebo group. This means that no trial of drug effects on platelet survival can be accepted which are lacking a double blind setting and a control group.

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