Effect of Organic Amendments along with Fly Ash on Soil Quality under Vertisol (Typic Haplustert) of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Saha ◽  
Kamlesh Malakar ◽  
VASSANDA COUMAR ◽  
J SOMASUNDARAM ◽  
M Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Combined Application

An incubation study was conducted to characterize soil quality as affected by organic amendments (FYM, biochar and, poultry manure @ 25 t ha-1) along with or without fly ash (@ 22.4 t ha-1) in Vertisol. Physical and chemical parameters of soil quality like pH, EC, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, organic carbon and available N, P, K measured at the end of incubation period i.e. 10th week showed that combined application of soil amendments (FYM + fly ash, biochar + fly ash, poultry manure + fly ash) had significantly better results than individual application of the respective soil amendments. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DHA) increased steadily up to 6th weeks of incubation with a marginal decrease during last phase. At the end of incubation period (10th week), SMBC and DHA was highest in the soil amended with FYM + fly ash; T (476.6 mg/kg of soil and 10.28 μg TPF g-1 soil h-1). The soils treated with 5 organic amendments particularly FYM and poultry manure along with fly ash showed best performance in terms of soil quality improvement in Vertisol.

scholarly journals Impact of integrated use of enriched compost, biochar, humic acid and Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 on maize productivity and soil biological attributes in natural field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz ◽  
Farheen Nazli ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Biological Attributes

Organic amendments improve the soil quality and plant productivity as well as help in the establishment of introduced bacteria. The present study was conducted to evaluate the interactive impact of organic amendments and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strain Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 to improve maize productivity and soil quality. organic amendments including rock phosphate enriched compost (RPEC), biochar, and humic acid were applied in soil along with and without Alcaligenes sp. AZ9. The results revealed that the sole application of organic amendments along with Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 showed increase in growth and grain yield of maize. However, a combined application of organic amendments (RPEC, biochar, and humic acid) along with Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 showed maximum increase in plant height up to 14%, shoot dry biomass up to 30%, 1000-grains weight up to 10%, grain yield up to 31%, stover yield up to 34%, and potassium (K) concentration in grains up to 12% as compared to absolute control. The increase in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration in grains was non-significant over control. This treatment also improved soil biological attributes in terms of the bacterial population up to 60%, microbial biomass carbon up to 22%, soil organic carbon up to 29%, and saturation percentage of soil up to 14% as compared to control. It can be concluded that the application of organic amendments improved establishment of introduced bacteria, which could be effective in improving maize growth and yield as well as soil health.

scholarly journals Assessing the potential of biochar aged by humic substances to enhance plant growth and soil biological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Hammerschmiedt ◽  
Jiri Holatko ◽  
Vaclav Pecina ◽  
Dalibor Huska ◽  
Oldrich Latal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Soil carbon-rich organic amendments (biochar, humic substances) may improve the quality and fertility of arable soil. Their co-application can additively enhance the beneficial effect on soil. Hypothetically, the pre-treatment of biochar, by aging via soaking in a solution of commercially available humic substances, could result in synergism, which may exceed the benefit from simple co-application of both amendments to the soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of biochar, humic substances, the combination of both, and the impact of biochar aged by humic substances solution on soil microbial activities and plant growth in a short-term pot experiment with lettuce. Results The aging of biochar decreased the C:N ratio as compared to non-activated biochar. The co-application of biochar and humic substances into the soil resulted in the highest microbial biomass carbon and respiration activity. The majority of enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, phosphatase) were the highest in humic substances-amended soil. The application of humic substances and biochar with humic substances seemed to stimulate microbial growth and activity followed by the competition of microflora for nutrients with plants, whereas the aged biochar behaved differently. The plants treated by aged biochar achieved the highest values of dry aboveground and root biomass of all variants. However, the assumed rapid uptake of nutrients by plants resulted in lower nutrient availability for microflora, and a decline in microbial viability. Conclusions Based on this study, the positive effect of co-applied humic substances and biochar on soil fertility, quality, and health can be concluded. The usability of biochar aging by humic solution requires further study. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Organic amendments conditions on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus caused by three Fusarium spp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009
Author(s):  
Ana I. Borrego-Benjumea ◽  
José M. Melero-Vara ◽  
María J. Basallote-Ureba
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Olive Residue

<p><em></em><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (<em>Fo</em>), <em>F. proliferatum</em> (<em>Fp</em>) and <em>F. solani</em> (<em>Fs</em>) are causal agents associated with roots of asparagus affected by crown and root rot, a disease inflicting serious losses worldwide. The propagule viability of <em>Fusarium</em> spp. was determined on substrate artificially infested with <em>Fo</em>5<em>, Fp</em>3<em> </em>or <em>Fs</em>2 isolates,<em> </em>amended with either poultry manure (PM), its pellet (PPM), or olive residue compost (ORC) and, thereafter, incubated at 30 or 35°C for different periods. Inoculum viability was significantly affected by these organic amendments (OAs) in combination with temperature and incubation period. The greatest reduction in viability of <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2 occurred with PPM and loss of viability achieved was higher at 35°C than at 30ºC, and longer incubation period (45 days). However, the viability of <em>Fp</em>3 did not decrease greatly in most of the treatments, as compared to the infested and un-amended control, when incubated at 30ºC. After incubation, seedlings of asparagus `Grande´ were transplanted into pots containing substrates infested with the different species of <em>Fusarium</em>. After three months in greenhouse, symptoms severity in roots showed highly significant decreases, but <em>Fp</em>3 caused lower severity than <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2. Severity reduction was particularly high at 30ºC (by 15 days incubation for <em>Fs</em>2 and by 30-45 days for <em>Fo</em>5), after PPM treatment, as well as PM-2% for <em>Fo</em>5<em> </em>and <em>Fs</em>2 incubated during 30 and 45 days at both temperatures, and with ORC (15-30 days incubation). Moreover, assessment of plants fresh weight showed significantly high increases in <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs2</em>, with some rates of the three OAs tested, depending on incubation period and temperature.<br /><strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Effect of silicate solubilizing bacteria and fly ash on silicon uptake and yield of rice under lowland ecosystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Pedda Ghouse Peera ◽  
P. Balasubramaniam ◽  
P. P. Mahendran
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Silicon Uptake

A field experiment was conducted in sandy loam soils of eastern farm, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of silicon on yield and uptake of rice (var. BPT 5204) during Kharif season of 2010-11 by taking the treatment combinations based on graded levels of Fly Ash (FA), Silicate Solubilizing Bacteria (SSB) and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) at fixed fertilizer schedule. The experimental soil (0-15 cm) had pH 7.22; organic C 1.4 %; available Si 66.0 mg kg-1; available N 266.0 kgha-1; available P 14.42 kgha-1 and available K 107.50 kgha-1. The results of graded levels of FA show that all the growth and yield attributes were significantly influenced by silicon uptake. The mean silicon uptake at panicle initiation, straw and grain at harvest varied from 53.8 - 98.7, 105.5 - 197.2 and 21.4- 62.3 kgha-1 respectively, in rice. Number of filled grains per panicle and grain yield displayed conspicuous relationships with content of Si in grains. The highest mean grain yield of 3622 kg ha-1 was recorded by the addition of SSB+FYM followed by FYM (3530 kg ha-1), SSB (3310 kg ha-1) and control (3240 kg ha-1). The combined application of 25 t ha-1 FA with SSB+FYM was recorded the highest grain yield of 3710 kg ha-1 which was 16.3 per cent moreover yield of control. The results further show that 25 t ha-1 FA and SSB+FYM have been proved to be superior treatments for best management of silicon in coastal loamy sand soils under irrigated rice ecosystem.

scholarly journals ​Effects of Application of Soil Amendments on Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Quality of Berseem Grown on Soil Irrigated with Sewage Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Tathe ◽  
S.S. Kolape
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry

The pot culture experiment for two consecutive years was conducted at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, MPKV, Rahuri to study the influence of various soil amendments on concentrations of heavy metals viz. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in berseem fodder crop. The pots were filled with soil irrigated with sewage water for more than thirty five years. The soil was treated with different amendments viz. FYM, gypsum, fly ash and their combinations. All the pots were supplied with recommended dose of chemical fertilizers by maintaining five plants per pot. The experiment was laid out in CRD with eight treatments and three replications. Initial soil properties were pHe 8.38, ECe 4.1 dSm-1, organic carbon 7.6 g kg-1, calcium carbonate 83.8 g kg-1, heavy metals viz. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were 0.35, 2.60, 2.23, 10.34 mg kg-1, respectively. Total four cuttings of berseem in each year were taken and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Two years pooled mean showed that, there was significant effect of different soil amendments on decreasing concentration of cadmium, chromium and lead as compared to control. Pooled mean of both years showed that the combined application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @ 10 g kg-1 soil (T8) registered significantly lower concentration of Cd, Cr and Pb in berseem as compared to rest of the treatments, but found at par with treatment (T5) FYM + gypsum each @ 10 g kg-1 soil. The reduction in concentrations of these heavy metals were higher in treatments where FYM was applied either alone or in combination with other amendments followed by gypsum and fly ash. Pooled mean values of two years showed significantly higher crude protein content due to application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @10 gkg-1 soil (T8) and at par with treatment T5. Pooled mean of two years showed numerically higher crude fiber due to treatment T8 (application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @ 10 g kg-1 soil) followed by T5 (application of FYM + gypsum each @ 10 g kg-1 soil). Significantly higher Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) was recorded in T2 (application of FYM @10 g kg-1 soil) followed by T3 (application of gypsum @ 10 g kg-1 soil) treatment.

Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) + Legume Intercropping System for Productivity, Profitability, Energy Budgeting and Soil Health in Hill Terraces of Eastern Himalayan Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Baishya ◽  
Temjenna Jamir ◽  
N. Walling ◽  
D. J. Rajkhowa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Eastern Himalayan Region

Three-year (2014-2016) field experiment was conducted for evaluation of maize (Zea mays L.) based intercropping system for productivity, profitability, energy budgeting and soil health in Eastern Himalayan region. The treatments consisted of four sole crop viz. maize, soybean, groundnut, cowpea and six intercropping treatments viz. maize + groundnut (1:1), maize + soybean (1:1), maize + cowpea (1:1) and strip cropping of maize + groundnut (4:4), maize + soybean (4:4), maize + cowpea (4:4). The highest maize equivalent yield (10.2 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + groundnut cropping system (1:1) followed by maize + soybean (1:1) with 8.9 t ha-1. The highest SNBC (soil microbial biomass carbon) (66.2 mg g-1) and organic carbon (1.3%) were recorded with the cultivation of cowpea as a sole or intercrop. Strip cropping system, maize + cowpea (4:4) recorded the highest soil available N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1, highest energy efficiency (12.53) and energy productivity 955.01 g MJ-1

scholarly journals Variations in Soil Properties and Okra Yield as Influenced by Different Types and Forms of Organic Amendments

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
B. O. Adebo ◽  
A. O. Aweto ◽  
K. Ogedengbe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Cost

The overexploitation of agricultural lands have necessitated the use of fertilizers to enhance food production. However, due to the cost and environmental impacts of mineral fertilizers, the utilization of readily available organic wastes as soil amendments have become necessary. The effect of the sole or combined application of yam, cassava and plantain peels on soil properties was evaluated in an on-farm study conducted at Akufo farm settlement, Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatments which consisted of seven amendments (peels of yam (Y), plantain (P), cassava (C), Y+P, Y+C, C+P, Y+C+P) applied in two forms (ground and unground) at a uniform rate of 4 t ha-1 and a control (without amendment). After 3 months of application, the soils were analyzed to determine the effect of the applied treatments on soil properties, after which they were sown to okra. All the amended soils had relatively higher organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable bases than the control, but ground treatments performed relatively better than unground ones. Also, irrespective of treatment and form of application, okra yield was considerably improved by the utilized amendments, with ground Y+C recording the highest (14.33 t ha-1). This study showed that the sole or combined use of yam, plantain and cassava peels, either ground as powder or used as mulch, has the potential to improve soil fertility and crop yield and may provide an effective and simple means to utilize organic wastes as soil amendments, especially among poor farmers who cannot afford composting technology.

Microbial indicators for assessing the adverse impact of technical-grade hexachlorocyclohexane on soil quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Anza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties ◽  
The Impact

Technical-grade hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) has been widely used for human health and agricultural purposes. Consequently, HCH residues have entered the soil ecosystem with concomitant deleterious effects on soil quality. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of HCH on soil microbial properties as biological indicators of soil quality. To this end, non-polluted soil was spiked with different amounts of a heavily HCH-polluted soil in order to obtain a concentration gradient between 0 and 1,500 mg HCH kg<sup>-1</sup> dry matter soil. The mixtures were incubated under laboratory conditions for 2 months. Dehydrogenase activity, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity (FDA), basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial biomass carbon, metabolic potential, and the soil quality index were negatively affected by increasing HCH concentrations in soil, in many cases following an exponential pattern. FDA and SIR appear <em>a priori</em> suitable indicators for the impact of HCH on soil microbial properties and, hence, soil quality.

scholarly journals Implication of Urochloa spp. Intercropping and Conservation Agriculture on Soil Microbiological Quality and Yield of Tahiti Acid Lime in Long Term Orchard Experiment

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Costa Arantes ◽  
Simone Raposo Cotta ◽  
Patrícia Marluci da Conceição ◽  
Silvana Perissatto Meneghin ◽  
Rodrigo Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Techniques such as intercropping and minimum tillage improve soil quality, including soil microbial activity, which stimulates the efficient use of soil resources by plants. However, the effects of such practices in soil under citrus orchards have not been well characterized. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of mowing and intercrop species on soil microbiological characteristics beneath a Tahiti acid lime orchard. The orchard was planted using minimum tillage and intercropped with two species of Urochloa species (U. ruziziensis—ruzi grass; U. decumbens—signal grass), with two types of mowers for Urochloa biomass (ecological; conventional) and herbicide applications. The study was conducted over 10 years. The ecological mower made the largest deposition of the intercrop biomass, thus providing the lowest disturbance of soil microbial activity and increasing, on average over all 10 years, the basal soil respiration (45%), microbial biomass carbon (25%), abundance of 16S rRNA (1.5%) and ITS (3.5%) genes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (30%), and providing a ca. 20% higher fruit yield. U. ruziziensis in combination with ecological mowing stimulated the abundance of the genes nifH (1.5%) and phoD (3.0%). The herbicide showed little influence. We conclude that the use of U. ruziziensis as an intercrop in citrus orchards subjected to ecological mowing can be recommended for improving and sustaining soil quality and citrus fruit production.

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