scholarly journals ​Effects of Application of Soil Amendments on Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Quality of Berseem Grown on Soil Irrigated with Sewage Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Tathe ◽  
S.S. Kolape
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry

The pot culture experiment for two consecutive years was conducted at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, MPKV, Rahuri to study the influence of various soil amendments on concentrations of heavy metals viz. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in berseem fodder crop. The pots were filled with soil irrigated with sewage water for more than thirty five years. The soil was treated with different amendments viz. FYM, gypsum, fly ash and their combinations. All the pots were supplied with recommended dose of chemical fertilizers by maintaining five plants per pot. The experiment was laid out in CRD with eight treatments and three replications. Initial soil properties were pHe 8.38, ECe 4.1 dSm-1, organic carbon 7.6 g kg-1, calcium carbonate 83.8 g kg-1, heavy metals viz. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were 0.35, 2.60, 2.23, 10.34 mg kg-1, respectively. Total four cuttings of berseem in each year were taken and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Two years pooled mean showed that, there was significant effect of different soil amendments on decreasing concentration of cadmium, chromium and lead as compared to control. Pooled mean of both years showed that the combined application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @ 10 g kg-1 soil (T8) registered significantly lower concentration of Cd, Cr and Pb in berseem as compared to rest of the treatments, but found at par with treatment (T5) FYM + gypsum each @ 10 g kg-1 soil. The reduction in concentrations of these heavy metals were higher in treatments where FYM was applied either alone or in combination with other amendments followed by gypsum and fly ash. Pooled mean values of two years showed significantly higher crude protein content due to application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @10 gkg-1 soil (T8) and at par with treatment T5. Pooled mean of two years showed numerically higher crude fiber due to treatment T8 (application of FYM + gypsum + fly ash each @ 10 g kg-1 soil) followed by T5 (application of FYM + gypsum each @ 10 g kg-1 soil). Significantly higher Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) was recorded in T2 (application of FYM @10 g kg-1 soil) followed by T3 (application of gypsum @ 10 g kg-1 soil) treatment.

Potential industrial utilization of pre-treated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahaya Yakubu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Zhu Shu ◽  
Yigen Tan ◽  
Zhengliang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study sought to establish the effectiveness of water washing pre-treatment on the quality of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) for reuse and solidification or stabilization (S/S). Initial analysis of the FA sample shows that it did not meet the USEPA-1311 toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) regulatory limits of 2011. As a result, a two-stage water washing process was carried out an attempt to improve the quality of the MSWI FA. After the washing pre-treatment, the heavy metals in the FA sample met the regulatory limits, thereby making it non-toxic for reuse or safe disposal. The leachate from the washing process also passed regulatory standards of China (GB 8978 – 1996) and the 2011 USEPA-1311. The washing process successfully removed more than 98% of each heavy metal under study. The process was excellent at removing cadmium (99.99%) and very good at removing the rest of the heavy metals. The 28-day compressive strength increased as the quantity of FA decreased. Also, all the heavy metals in the samples prepared with the pre-treated FA met the USEPA-1311 TCLP regulatory limit for reuse and safe disposal. The heavy metals leachability and compressive strength tests showed that the effect of cement-based S/S was largely influenced by its quantity in the samples. The highest compressive strength was attained by using 55% of the FA as replacement for cement. However, FA replacements of up 70% also yielded good results that met the 1989 USEPA standard of 0.34 MPa (50 psi).

scholarly journals Effects of Effluents on the Quality of River Rido, Kaduna- State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Louis Buggu ◽  
Funmilayo Yusufu - Alfa ◽  
Abigail Abenu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Effluent Discharge

This study examines the effect of discharged effluents on the quality of river Rido in Kaduna. Ten water samples were collected and tested for Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn). The results revealed that in  the dry season,  six heavy metals, namely As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn, presented mean values that were  higher  after the point of effluent discharge; while Cr, Fe and Pb  had lower values and Hg was not detected. In the wet season all the heavy metals tested, except Hg, increased in values after the point of effluent discharge. The values of As, Cd,  Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb after the discharge point, in dry and wet seasons, were greater than the maximum tolerable limits set by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).  The values recorded for Zn and Cu at both dry and wet seasons were below the limit set by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), but the value of Cr was lower than the maximum tolerable limit only in the dry season.  The contamination of the river with heavy metals poses a grave danger to human health, as its water is used for diverse purposes. The wastewater treatment plant of KRPC should be rehabilitated and the wastewater can be pre-treated before it is discharged into the river.

Dehydration of Fermented Manioc Rasp

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Luís Eugênio Lessa Bulhões ◽  
Rogério Teixeira Duarte ◽  
Cícero Luiz Calazans De Lima ◽  
Maria José de Holanda Leite ◽  
Igor Cavalcante Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brix Degree

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the Ripa enriched with urea, yeast and sugar cane molasses, fermented and subjected to the drying process. Using as parameters: moisture content, Brix, pH, acidity and protein content. We used a completely randomized design with ten replications, two treatments and one control. The model included non-fermented (RNFM) and fermented (RFM) treatments of the variety of Rosinha cassava. Fermentation was performed during 132 hours under ambient conditions, with a 10% yeast treatment (w/V), 4% Urea (w/V) and 20% molasses (w/V) and the other 70 ml of distilled water. Regarding the moisture content of the material after the dehydration period, mean values between 46.42% and 58.33% were observed. The Brix degree of the water treatment and the control samples did not differ, however, differed from the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which presented the highest values of this parameter. The pH averages ranged from 4.49 to 7.85, differing statistically. Titratable acidity ranged from 1.760 to 14.040. A considerable gain of crude protein was observed in the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which was statistically higher than the others.

scholarly journals Impact of Kishnica and Badovci Flotation Tailing Dams on Levels of Heavy Metals in Water of Graçanica River (Kosovo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatbardh Gashi ◽  
Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski ◽  
Halka Bilinski ◽  
Agron Shala ◽  
Anilë Gashi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Flotation Tailing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Tailing Dams ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn

The main objective of this study was to perform assessment of water quality of Graçanica River (Kosovo), impacted by Kishnica and Badovci flotation tailing dams, using ICP-OES method. The obtained results show that the mean values of all heavy metals in studied river water samples were significantly high, with following maximal concentrations: As (0.033 mgL−1), Cd (0.002 mgL−1), Cr (0.225 mgL−1), Cu (0.015 mgL−1), Hg (0.004 mgL−1), Mn (15.66 mgL−1), Ni (0.255 mgL−1), Pb (0.013 mgL−1), and Zn (0.612 mgL−1), but only two samples from locations influenced by Kishnica and Badovci flotation tailing dams showed statistically anomalous values of Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+. According to assessment based on Croatian standards, locations near both flotation tailing dams are significantly polluted with majority of studied metals, while downstream sampling stations are almost unpolluted or slightly polluted. Mercury is found to be the most significant contaminant. According to WHO recommended values for drinking water, on all locations values were within the limits for Al, Cd, Cu, and Zn, while for As, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb values exceed recommended values on some sampling stations. Further monitoring of water and possibly sediments of Graçanica River is advised, as well as performing of remediation of Kishnica and Badovci mine tailing dams.

scholarly journals Impact of Irrigation with Treated Domestic Wastewater on Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Fruit and Seed under Semi-Arid Conditions

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Makhadmeh ◽  
Seba F. Gharaiebeh ◽  
Ammar A. Albalasmeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical

The present study investigated the effect of using municipal treated wastewater in irrigation on plant growth and seed quality of squash as compared to fresh water. The physico-chemical properties of both water sources were investigated. Soil, fruits and seeds were tested for heavy metals presence and accumulation. A number of seed composition parameters were also measured. Growth parameters (fruit length, diameter and oven-dried weight) were increased in response to irrigation with treated wastewater as compared to control. All tested heavy metals concentrations were below the toxic limit of the Jordanian standards. Crude protein content was highest (41.28%) in naked seeds under treated wastewater treatment, whereas the lowest content (33.57%) was under freshwater treatment of the whole seeds.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of Phasey Bean (Macroptilium Lathyroides (L.) Urb.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e2329108456
Author(s):  
Pâmela Peres Farias ◽  
Olmar Antonio Denardin Costa ◽  
Alexsandro Bahr Kröning ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Coast Region

The objective of the study was to determine the chimical composition of phasey bean throughout the productive cycle. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Capão do Leão – RS, physiographic south coast region of Rio Grande do Sul. At 45 days after the emergence of the plants, the first cut of the forage evaluation was performed and, at intervals of 15 days, another nine cuts were made, all 5 cm from the soil. The treatments corresponded to different evaluation dates of Macroptilium in free growth in an experiment with ten treatments and three replicates in a completely randomized design. The variables studied were neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (PB), total lipids (TL), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression. All variables presented significance (P≤0.05) for cubic regressions, with mean values of: NDF = 58.15; FDA = 38.94; ADL = 9.15; PB = 11.59; TL = 1.18% e; P = 2.29; K = 10.19; Ca = 26.48 and Mg = 4.53 g / kg DM; similar to other hot-legged forage legumes. The bromatological quality of the Macroptilium lathyroides varied during the productive cycle, being directly influenced by the habit of indeterminate growth of the species. From the bromatological quality, the forage of the first growth of the Macroptilium lathyroides should be harvested up to 75 days after emergence, when the lower fiber and lignin contents associated with higher levels of crude protein, lipids, magnesium, and calcium.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and Quality assessment of Groundwater from Constituency Water Projects, Pategi Local Government Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Gana
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Baseline Information

Water is vital for life sustenance hence adequate, safe and accessible supply must be made available to all. The remote village of Tankpaful located in the town of Pategi has recently witnessed the installation of new boreholes to harness groundwater as an improved source of drinking water. However, there is no known information about the quality of these sources. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the quality of groundwater samples from these boreholes in terms of their physico-chemical, heavy metals and biological parameters and also provide baseline information about the nature of the underground aquifer in this community. Groundwater samples (n=20) were obtained from randomly selected boreholes in the study area and examined for their physicochemical, heavy metal and biological parameters following standard procedures recommended by the American Public Health Association and compared to guideline values. Pearson’s correlation test was done to examine the relationship between measured parameters. With the exception of pH (5.58) and total hardness (296.99mg/L), all physico-chemical parameters were within guideline values specified by the WHO and SON. For heavy metals, mean values for Iron (0.32mg/L), Chromium (0.22mg/L) and Nickel (0.4mg/L) were found to exceed the given standard limits as well. The findings revealed that boreholes were mainly acidic which could be of natural origin such as mineral dissolution. Based on correlation analysis, the major mineral groups contributing to total hardness is the K-Cl group (1.00). We recommend that regular monitoring should be done to ensure guideline values are not breached while residents should be educated on the need to maintain these water sources to prevent deterioration.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis Techniques for the Assessment of Water Quality: A Case Study of Okun River, Ilorin, Kwara State

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Okoro ◽  
G. B. Adebayo ◽  
O.D Saliu ◽  
A. O. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

Okun River caters for diverse needs. Resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization, the quality of the river is significantly affected. The study of impact of discharged industrial wastewaters into Okun River was carried out. Physicochemical properties such as temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, colour, odour, pH, total hardness, chloride, and concentrations of heavy metals (chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and cadmium) were assessed. The mean concentrations of heavy metals and the physicochemical parameters determined were compared with standards and tolerance limit. Cr was not detected in all the samples while Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations varied from 0.10-3.47 mg/L, 2.64-9.65 mg/L,0.37-3.79 mg/L, 0.22-1.53 mg/L and 0.00-0.03 mg/L respectively. The mean values of pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TSS, TDS, total hardness and chloride ranged between 6.33-7.77, 25.0-29.0 oC, 325-815 mS/cm, 14.80-209.33 NTU, 733.33-1033.33 mg/L, 133-395.67 mg/L, 137.50-962.50 mg/L and 11.52- 49.04 mg/L respectively. The principal component analysis confirmed the heavy metals to be from anthropogenic and industrial origin.

scholarly journals Effect of topdressing with nitrogen and boron on the yield and quality of rapeseed

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Varga ◽  
Otto Ložek ◽  
Ladislav Ducsay ◽  
Peter Kováčik ◽  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
First Year ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Seed Yields

Field trials with winter rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus) variety Rasmus were established in August in the years 2002–2004 at the experimental station in Kolíňany which belongs to the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. In the experiments we explore the effect of supplementary spring topdressing of rape with nitrogen and boron in the BBCH 29–30 stage with regard to the yields of seeds and their qualitative parameters (TSW, content of oil and crude protein). In the experiment we applied DAM–390 (solution of ammonium nitrate and urea, 30% N) at a rate of 30 kg N/ha and Humix Bór (humic acids + N, K, B) at a rate of 0.240 kg B / ha. The different climate conditions in the respective years had a significant effect on yields of rapeseed and ranged as follows: 2003: 1.80–2.29 t / ha; 2004: 2.60–3.35 t / ha; 2005: 2.45–3.29 t / ha. The significant decrease in seed yields in the first year of the experiment was caused namely by the deficit in precipitation in January, February and June 2003 and high temperatures in May and June in the same year. In terms of the individual years and the three-year average the application of Humix Bór itself did not significantly improve the yield and qualitative parameters of seeds compared to the unfertilised control. In a three-year average the application of the N fertiliser alone or in combination with Humix Bór increased seed yields and the crude protein content by 22.4–30.7 % and 4.0–4.9 rel. %, respectively, compared to the unfertilised control. The significantly highest seed yields (2.98 t / ha) were achieved when the plants were treated with a combination of nitrogen and Humix Bór as compared to all the other treatments (2.28–2.79 t / ha). The oil content in seeds increased significantly to 44.1% only when treated with a combined application of DAM–390 and Humix Bór as against the unfertilised control (42.8%). Fertilisation did not change the TSW which ranged only between 4.47 and 4.67 g.

scholarly journals Quality of water recovered by treating acid mine drainage using pervious concrete adsorbent

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Shabalala ◽  
SO Ekolu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Acid Mine

In this paper, a batch experiment was conducted to evaluate the water quality obtained from using pervious concrete (PERVC) technology to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). The study proposes an innovative application of PERVC as a permeable reactive barrier liner in evaporation ponds. The effectiveness of PERVC adsorbent in removing heavy metals was compared with that of zero-valent iron (ZVI) of particle size 1.0 to 1.8 mm. The AMD used in the study was obtained from abandoned gold and coal mines. PERVC mixtures consisted of granite aggregate and ordinary Portland cement CEM I 52.5R (CEM I) or CEM I containing Class F 30% fly ash (30%FA) as a cement replacement material. ZVI was prepared from a mixture of silica sand and iron grit of specific sizes. PERVC and ZVI media were used to conduct batch reactor tests with AMD, for a period of 43 days at a ratio of 1 L of reactive material to 3 L of AMD. The quality of treated AMD was compared against effluent discharge standards. The contaminants Al, Fe and Zn were effectively removed by both PERVC and ZVI. Also, both adsorbents reduced Ni, Co and Cu to levels below those measured in raw AMD. However, PERVC was more effective in removing Mn and Mg while ZVI was ineffective. Although PERVC removed more heavy metals and with greater efficiency than ZVI, the PERVC-treated water showed high pH levels and exhibited elevated Cr6+ concentrations, owing to leaching from the cement and fly ash materials used in PERVC mixtures.

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